韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫物理防治方法改进及田间防治效果
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摘要
【目的】探讨韭菜重要害虫韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang)的适宜防治方法。【方法】采用选择性试验研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对不同有机肥料的产卵趋性,并在此基础上研究添加动物粪肥的糖醋酒液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的诱杀作用,并以40%辛硫磷乳油、5%氟啶脲乳油、黄板为参照,探讨腐熟动物粪肥和糖醋酒液、黄板及沼液综合运用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的田间控制作用。【结果】牛粪、鸡粪、羊粪和蘑菇渣对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫产卵具有显著的引诱作用。在糖醋酒液中加入牛粪和鸡粪,能够增强对成虫的诱杀效果。沼液-黄板处理与两种化学农药滴灌一样,对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的速效性较好,药后9 d田间保株率显著高于其他处理;糖醋酒液-牛粪、黄板、黄板-牛粪处理的控制作用在前期不明显,在处理后36 d效果逐渐明显,处理后63 d,效果均达到66%以上。沼液-牛粪处理对韭菜的保护作用在处理后9 d、36 d和63 d均与两种杀虫剂滴灌相当。【结论】在糖醋酒液中加入动物有机肥,能够增强糖醋酒液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫的诱杀效果。动物有机肥与糖醋液、黄板和沼液结合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫具有可观的防治效果,与推荐剂量的辛硫磷与氟啶脲进行滴灌效果相当,值得在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治中推广。
【Objective】The objective was to explore suitable methods to control, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, a major pest that damage Chinese chives.【Methods】The oviposition taxis of adult B. odoriphaga to different organic fertilizer was studied by selective experiment and the trapping and killing effect of mixture of sugar-acetic acidethanol(MSAE) with fermented manures were studied based on selective experiment. 40% phoxim EC, 5% chlorfluazuron EC and yellow board were used as CK to explore the field control effects of the comprehensive application of decomposed animal manure, MSAE, yellow board and biogas slurry on B. odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. 【Results】Cow dung, chicken manure, sheep manure and mushroom residue had significant attraction to oviposition of adult B. odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. The application of MSAE with cow dung and chicken manure could enhance the trapping and killing effect on adults. The biogas slurry-yellow board treatment, like drip irrigation with two chemical pesticides, showed rapidly available effect on B. odoriphaga, and 9 days after the treatment, the plant protection rate was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The control effects of MSAE-cow dung, yellow board, and yellow board-cow dung treatment were unremarkable at the early stage, but gradually increased 36 days after treatment, and reached above 66% 63 days after treatment. The protective effect of biogas slurry-cow dung treatment on Chinese chives was was comparable to drip irrigation of two insecticides 9 d, 36 d and 63 d after treatment.【Conclusion】Adding in animal manure into MSAE could improve the trapping effect of MSAE on adult B. odoriphaga. The control effect of the combined application of animal manure, MSAE, yellow board and biogas slurry on adult B. odoriphaga was comparable to that of drip irrigation with recommend dosage of Phoxim and Fluridin, therefore, it was worth recommending in the control of B. odoriphaga.
【Objective】The objective was to explore suitable methods to control, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, a major pest that damage Chinese chives.【Methods】The oviposition taxis of adult B. odoriphaga to different organic fertilizer was studied by selective experiment and the trapping and killing effect of mixture of sugar-acetic acidethanol(MSAE) with fermented manures were studied based on selective experiment. 40% phoxim EC, 5% chlorfluazuron EC and yellow board were used as CK to explore the field control effects of the comprehensive application of decomposed animal manure, MSAE, yellow board and biogas slurry on B. odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. 【Results】Cow dung, chicken manure, sheep manure and mushroom residue had significant attraction to oviposition of adult B. odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. The application of MSAE with cow dung and chicken manure could enhance the trapping and killing effect on adults. The biogas slurry-yellow board treatment, like drip irrigation with two chemical pesticides, showed rapidly available effect on B. odoriphaga, and 9 days after the treatment, the plant protection rate was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The control effects of MSAE-cow dung, yellow board, and yellow board-cow dung treatment were unremarkable at the early stage, but gradually increased 36 days after treatment, and reached above 66% 63 days after treatment. The protective effect of biogas slurry-cow dung treatment on Chinese chives was was comparable to drip irrigation of two insecticides 9 d, 36 d and 63 d after treatment.【Conclusion】Adding in animal manure into MSAE could improve the trapping effect of MSAE on adult B. odoriphaga. The control effect of the combined application of animal manure, MSAE, yellow board and biogas slurry on adult B. odoriphaga was comparable to that of drip irrigation with recommend dosage of Phoxim and Fluridin, therefore, it was worth recommending in the control of B. odoriphaga.
引文
[1]梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,花蕾.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治[J].昆虫知识,2003(5):396-398.MEI Z X,WU Q J,ZHANG Y J,HUA L.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odorriphaga[J].Entomological Knowledge,2003(5):396-398.
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[3]杜春华.不同药剂防治韭蛆的田间药效分析[J].农药,2013,52(2):145-150.DU C H.Analysis on the field control effects of various insecticides against larva of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2013,52(2):145-150.
[4]冯慧琴,郑方强.韭蛆发生规律与防治研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1987,18(1):71-80.FENG H Q,ZHENG F Q.Study on the occurrence and prevention of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,1987,18(1):71-80.
[5]孟宪磊.三种杀虫剂防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊效果试验[J].北方园艺,2007(1):174-174.MENG X L.Effect of three insecticides on control of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Northern Horticulture,2007(1):174-174.
[6]蒋建东,曹慧,张瑞福,张明星,李顺鹏.有机磷农药对韭菜虫害的防治效果及农药的微生物降解[J].应用生态学报,2004(8):1459-1462.JIANG J D,CAO H,ZHANG R F,ZHANG M H,LI S P.Effect of organophosphorous insecticides on Chinese chive insect pests and their degradation by pesticide-de-grading bacterium[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004(8):1459-1462.
[7]陈栋,张思聪,张龙.昆虫生长调节剂和生物农药防治韭蛆田间药效试验[J].植物保护,2005,31(1):82-84.CHENG D,ZHANG S C,ZHANG L.Field efficacy test of insect growth regulator and biological pesticides against Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Plant Protection,2005,31(1):82-84.
[8]李东鸿,赵惠燕,梁宗锁,李亚玲,王敬民,卫新荣,付亮亮.2种农药在丹参根内与土壤中的降解过程及规律的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版增刊),2003,(31):32-34.LI D H,ZHAO H Y,LIANG Z S,LI Y L,WANG J M,WEI X R,FU LL.Study on the degradation process and law of two pesticides in Salvia miltiorrhiza and soil[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Technological University of Agriculture and Forestry(Nature Sci Ed).2003,(31):32-34.
[9]太红坤,李正跃,罗红英,李斌,赵兴宏,孙文,杨仕生,肖春.颜色和糖醋酒液对番石榴实蝇引诱效果[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(14):6481-6482.TAI H K,LI ZH Y,LUO H Y,LI B,ZHAO X H,SUN W,YANG S S,XIAOC.Effect of the color and the solution of sweet bait on the common guava fruit Fly[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(14):6481-6482.
[10]熊伟,寇琳羚,向波,伍加勇,李文杰,杨灿芳,熊静丹,杨家茂.糖醋酒液与不同颜色黏虫板组合诱杀樱桃果蝇效果试验[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(1):67-69,73.XIONG W,KOU L L,XIANG B,WU J Y,LI W J,YANG C F,XIONGJ D,YANG J M.Effect test of sweet and sour liquid combined with different color slime board to kill cherry fruit fly[J].South China Fruits,2014,43(1):67-69,73.
[11]陈彩贤.糖醋酒液添加不同物质对粪蚊和菇蝇的诱杀效果试验[J].广西农业科学,2010,41(9):936-937.CHEN C X.Efficacy trail of sweet lure with different additives on trapping of Scatopse sp.and Megaselia sp.[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2010,41(9):936-937.
[12]吴红,刘海霞,周明夏,韩大勇.羊粪还田对巨峰葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响[J].广东农业科学:2019,45(12):32-37.WU H,LIU H X,ZHOU M X,HAN D Y.Effects of applying sheep manure on soil properties of kyoho vineyard[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2019,45(12):32-37.
[13]关天霞,马国泰,张昊,景根茂.不同类型畜禽粪便有机肥对辣椒产量及根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(11):53-59.GUAN T X,MA G T,ZHANG H,JING G M.H.Effects of different types of livestock manure on pepper yield and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soils[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(11):53-59.
[14]柳开楼,胡秋萍,胡惠文,吕丰娟,叶会财,黄庆海,李大明,余喜初.长期施猪粪土壤As补给与水稻As吸收的量化关系[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(10):40-45.LIU K L,HU Q P,HU H W,LV F J,YE H C,HUANG Q H,LI D M,YU C X.Soil as supply amount under long-term application of pig manure and its relationship with As uptake of rice[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(10):40-45.
[15]薛明,袁林,徐曼琳.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对挥发性物质的嗅觉反应及不同杀虫剂的毒力比较[J].农药学学报,2002,4(2):50-56.XUE M,YUAN L,XU M L.Comparison of olfactory response to volatile substances and toxicity of different insecticides by Bradysia odoriphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002,4(2):50-56.
[16]贾志红.肥料对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育的影响[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2015:15-23.JIA Z H.Effect of fertilizer on growth and development of Bradysia odoriphaga[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Agricultural University,2015:15-23.
[17]徐延熙,朱长华,杨艳丽,徐晓琳,卢俊英.沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊驱避效果的试验研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(2):68-70.XU Y X,ZHU C H,YANG Y L,XU X L,LU J Y.Experimental study on repellent effect of biogas slurry against Bradysia odoriphaga[J].Renewable Energy Sources,2013,31(2):68-70.
[2]孙瑞红,李爱华.昆虫病原线虫H06与化学杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的联合作用[J].农药学学报,2007(1):66-70.SUN R H,LI A H.Studies on Combination effect of entomolopathogenic Nematode H06 and Insecticide against Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2007(1):66-70.
[3]杜春华.不同药剂防治韭蛆的田间药效分析[J].农药,2013,52(2):145-150.DU C H.Analysis on the field control effects of various insecticides against larva of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2013,52(2):145-150.
[4]冯慧琴,郑方强.韭蛆发生规律与防治研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1987,18(1):71-80.FENG H Q,ZHENG F Q.Study on the occurrence and prevention of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,1987,18(1):71-80.
[5]孟宪磊.三种杀虫剂防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊效果试验[J].北方园艺,2007(1):174-174.MENG X L.Effect of three insecticides on control of Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Northern Horticulture,2007(1):174-174.
[6]蒋建东,曹慧,张瑞福,张明星,李顺鹏.有机磷农药对韭菜虫害的防治效果及农药的微生物降解[J].应用生态学报,2004(8):1459-1462.JIANG J D,CAO H,ZHANG R F,ZHANG M H,LI S P.Effect of organophosphorous insecticides on Chinese chive insect pests and their degradation by pesticide-de-grading bacterium[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004(8):1459-1462.
[7]陈栋,张思聪,张龙.昆虫生长调节剂和生物农药防治韭蛆田间药效试验[J].植物保护,2005,31(1):82-84.CHENG D,ZHANG S C,ZHANG L.Field efficacy test of insect growth regulator and biological pesticides against Bradysina odoriphaga[J].Plant Protection,2005,31(1):82-84.
[8]李东鸿,赵惠燕,梁宗锁,李亚玲,王敬民,卫新荣,付亮亮.2种农药在丹参根内与土壤中的降解过程及规律的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版增刊),2003,(31):32-34.LI D H,ZHAO H Y,LIANG Z S,LI Y L,WANG J M,WEI X R,FU LL.Study on the degradation process and law of two pesticides in Salvia miltiorrhiza and soil[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Technological University of Agriculture and Forestry(Nature Sci Ed).2003,(31):32-34.
[9]太红坤,李正跃,罗红英,李斌,赵兴宏,孙文,杨仕生,肖春.颜色和糖醋酒液对番石榴实蝇引诱效果[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(14):6481-6482.TAI H K,LI ZH Y,LUO H Y,LI B,ZHAO X H,SUN W,YANG S S,XIAOC.Effect of the color and the solution of sweet bait on the common guava fruit Fly[J].Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(14):6481-6482.
[10]熊伟,寇琳羚,向波,伍加勇,李文杰,杨灿芳,熊静丹,杨家茂.糖醋酒液与不同颜色黏虫板组合诱杀樱桃果蝇效果试验[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(1):67-69,73.XIONG W,KOU L L,XIANG B,WU J Y,LI W J,YANG C F,XIONGJ D,YANG J M.Effect test of sweet and sour liquid combined with different color slime board to kill cherry fruit fly[J].South China Fruits,2014,43(1):67-69,73.
[11]陈彩贤.糖醋酒液添加不同物质对粪蚊和菇蝇的诱杀效果试验[J].广西农业科学,2010,41(9):936-937.CHEN C X.Efficacy trail of sweet lure with different additives on trapping of Scatopse sp.and Megaselia sp.[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences,2010,41(9):936-937.
[12]吴红,刘海霞,周明夏,韩大勇.羊粪还田对巨峰葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响[J].广东农业科学:2019,45(12):32-37.WU H,LIU H X,ZHOU M X,HAN D Y.Effects of applying sheep manure on soil properties of kyoho vineyard[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2019,45(12):32-37.
[13]关天霞,马国泰,张昊,景根茂.不同类型畜禽粪便有机肥对辣椒产量及根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(11):53-59.GUAN T X,MA G T,ZHANG H,JING G M.H.Effects of different types of livestock manure on pepper yield and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soils[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2018,45(11):53-59.
[14]柳开楼,胡秋萍,胡惠文,吕丰娟,叶会财,黄庆海,李大明,余喜初.长期施猪粪土壤As补给与水稻As吸收的量化关系[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(10):40-45.LIU K L,HU Q P,HU H W,LV F J,YE H C,HUANG Q H,LI D M,YU C X.Soil as supply amount under long-term application of pig manure and its relationship with As uptake of rice[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2017,44(10):40-45.
[15]薛明,袁林,徐曼琳.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对挥发性物质的嗅觉反应及不同杀虫剂的毒力比较[J].农药学学报,2002,4(2):50-56.XUE M,YUAN L,XU M L.Comparison of olfactory response to volatile substances and toxicity of different insecticides by Bradysia odoriphaga[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002,4(2):50-56.
[16]贾志红.肥料对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育的影响[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2015:15-23.JIA Z H.Effect of fertilizer on growth and development of Bradysia odoriphaga[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Agricultural University,2015:15-23.
[17]徐延熙,朱长华,杨艳丽,徐晓琳,卢俊英.沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊驱避效果的试验研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(2):68-70.XU Y X,ZHU C H,YANG Y L,XU X L,LU J Y.Experimental study on repellent effect of biogas slurry against Bradysia odoriphaga[J].Renewable Energy Sources,2013,31(2):68-70.