白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量的差异性
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摘要
白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数为随机分布的连续谱系,孔隙结构、物理参数复杂多变,表征难度较大。基于铸体薄片、压汞、核磁共振、孔隙度和渗透率等测试技术,结合大量天然气勘探开发实际资料,采用统计分析对比方法,重点讨论了储层质量宏观与微观参数特征。结果表明,白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数具有正态分布特征,是一种金字塔数据结构,常规储层比例一般为15%～20%,是砂岩或白云岩致密储层的"甜点";致密砂岩储层微观孔隙发育,孔、喉连通性较好,分布比较均匀,储层孔、渗关系较好,表现为相对高孔和低渗;白云岩致密储层质量尽管具有孔、喉连通性差和孔、渗关系较差的不利因素,但也具有相对高渗、低束缚水饱和度、低排驱压力及裂缝网络发育等有利因素,天然气渗流能力较好,勘探开发潜力较大。我国发育碳酸盐岩沉积,应加强致密白云岩气藏成藏条件研究与勘探。
The quality parameters of dolomite and tight sandstone reservoirs are a randomly distributed continuum. Their pore structures and physical parameters are complex and changeable,and are thus hard to be characterized. With the help of techniques such as thin section casting,mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR),and measurements of porosity and permeability,and a large number of data for natural gas exploration and development,we focused the study on analyzing and comparing the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the parameters of the reservoir quality. Results show that the quality parameters of dolomite and tight sandstone reservoirs are normally distributed in a pyramidal data structure. The proportion of conventional reservoirs is generally ranging from 15% to 20%,which are the "sweet spots"of the sandstone or tight dolomite reservoirs. The microscopic pores are well developed with good pore-throat connectivity and uniform distribution in the tight sandstone reservoirs. The reservoir porosity and permeability are of good relationship,showing relatively high porosity and low permeability. The tight dolomite reservoirs,however,are characterized by unfavorable factors including poor pore-throat connectivity and poor relationship of porosity and permeability,while having certain favorable factors of its kind including relatively high permeability,low irreducible water saturation,low displacement pressure,and better development of fracture networks. These favorable factors keep the natural gases flow well in tight dolomite reservoirs,indicating great potentials for the exploration and development of hydrocarbons. Carbonate deposits are well developed in China,so the exploration of tight dolomite gas reservoirs and study on their accumulation conditions should be strengthened.
The quality parameters of dolomite and tight sandstone reservoirs are a randomly distributed continuum. Their pore structures and physical parameters are complex and changeable,and are thus hard to be characterized. With the help of techniques such as thin section casting,mercury injection,nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR),and measurements of porosity and permeability,and a large number of data for natural gas exploration and development,we focused the study on analyzing and comparing the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the parameters of the reservoir quality. Results show that the quality parameters of dolomite and tight sandstone reservoirs are normally distributed in a pyramidal data structure. The proportion of conventional reservoirs is generally ranging from 15% to 20%,which are the "sweet spots"of the sandstone or tight dolomite reservoirs. The microscopic pores are well developed with good pore-throat connectivity and uniform distribution in the tight sandstone reservoirs. The reservoir porosity and permeability are of good relationship,showing relatively high porosity and low permeability. The tight dolomite reservoirs,however,are characterized by unfavorable factors including poor pore-throat connectivity and poor relationship of porosity and permeability,while having certain favorable factors of its kind including relatively high permeability,low irreducible water saturation,low displacement pressure,and better development of fracture networks. These favorable factors keep the natural gases flow well in tight dolomite reservoirs,indicating great potentials for the exploration and development of hydrocarbons. Carbonate deposits are well developed in China,so the exploration of tight dolomite gas reservoirs and study on their accumulation conditions should be strengthened.
引文
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[9]罗蛰潭,王允诚.水银退出效率与岩石孔隙结构的关系[J].石油实验地质,1980,2(2):21-29.Luo Zhetan,Wang Yuncheng. The relationship between the return efficiency of mercury and the pore structure of rock[J]. Petroleum Experimental Geology,1980,2(2):21-29.
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[11]吴小斌,张永平,侯加根,等.核磁共振技术在苏里格致密气层识别中的应用[J].新疆地质,2011,29(2):238-241.Wu Xiaobin,Zhang Yongping,Hou Jiagen,et al. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance technique in recognition of compact-gas reservoir of Shulige area[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2011,29(2):238-241.
[12]王振华,陈刚,李书恒,等.核磁共振岩心实验分析在低孔渗储层评价中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):773-779.Wang Zhenhua,Chen Gang,Li Shuhen,et al. Application of NMR core experimental analysis in evaluation of low-porosity and low-permeability sandstone reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(6):773-779.
[13]刘堂宴,马在田,傅容珊.核磁共振谱的岩石孔喉结构分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):737-742.Liu Tangyan,Ma Zaitian,Fu Rongshan. Analysis of rock pore structure with NMR spectra[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4):737-742.
[14]王大鹏,陆红梅,陈小亮,等.海相碳酸盐岩大中型油气田成藏体系及分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):363-371.Wang Dapeng,Lu Hongmei,Chen Xiaoliang,et al. Petroleum accumulation systems and distribution of medium to large marine carbonate feilds[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(3):363-371.
[15]赵从俊.弯曲形变层内应力分布与四川致密碳酸盐岩气藏富集规律[J].石油勘探与开发,1986,13(2):9-18.Zhao Congjun. A discussion on the relation of between the distribution of formation stress due to curved strain of the formation and the gas accumulation in tight carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Province[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1986,13(2):9-18.
[16]侯方浩,方少仙,沈照国,等.白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶的规模[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):19-30.Hou Fanghao,Fang Shaoxian,Shen Zhaoguo,et al. The scale of paleoweathering crust karst in the epiphytogenic rocks of dolomite during the exposed period[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(1):19-30.
[17]熊鹰,李凌,文彩霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部奥陶系马五1+2储层特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):691-701.Xiong Ying,Li Ling,Wen Caixia,et al. Characteristics and genesis of Ordovician Ma51+2sub-member reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):691-701.
[18]王国亭,程立华,孟德伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系古岩溶型碳酸盐岩致密储层特征、形成机理与天然气富集潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):685-695.Wang Guoting,Cheng Lihua,Meng Dewei,et al. Characterization and formation of the Ordovician tight paleokarst carbonates in the eastern Ordos Basin and its gas accumulation[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(4):685-695.
[2]魏新善,陈娟萍,张道锋,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部大面积致密碳酸盐岩气地质特征及成藏条件分析[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(5):677-686.Wei Xinshan,Chen Juanping,Zhang Daofeng,et al. Geological characteristics and reservoir forming conditions of large area tight carbonate gas in eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(5):677-686.
[3]高树生,胡志明,刘华勋,等.不同岩性储层的微观孔隙特征[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):248-256.Gao Shusheng,Hu Zhiming,Liu Huaxun,et al. Microscopic pore characteristics of different lithological reservoirs[J]. Acta PetroleiSinica,2016,37(2):248-256.
[4]席胜利,李文厚,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界两大气田不同石英砂岩储层特征对比研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(2):221-229.Xi Shengli,Li Wenhou,Wei Xinshan,et al. Study on characteristics of quartz sandstone reservoirs of the Neopaleozoic of two gas field in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedmentologica Sinica,2009,27(2):221-229.
[5]魏炜,罗顺社,魏新善,等.苏里格气田致密砂岩储层孔渗分布及地质意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(3):293-301.Wei Wei,Luo Shunshe,Wei Xinshan,et al. Porosity and permeability distribution of tight sandstone reservoir and its geological signifcance in Sulige gas field,China[J]. Journal of Chengdou University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2014,41(3):293-301.
[6]杨华,席胜利,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地大面积致密砂岩气成藏理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2016:45-56.Yang Hua,Xi Shengli,Wei Xinshan,et al. Geological theory of tight sandstone gas reservoir formation in large area Ordos Basin[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2016:45-56.
[7]魏新善,彭宇慧,罗顺社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密砂岩储层金字塔结构[J].非常规油气,2016,3(5):1-7.Wei Xinshan,Peng Yuhui,Luo Shunshe,et al. Pyramid structure of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin[J].Unconventional Oil&Gas,2016,3(5):1-7.
[8]魏新善,肖红平,刘锐娥,等.热异常酸洗作用与鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界长石消失事件[J].地质学报,2017,91(9):2139-2149.Wei Xinshan,Xiao Hongping,Liu Rui’e,et al. Pickling effect of abnormal heat and its relation to disappearance of feldspar of the Upper Paleozoic in the Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2017,91(9):2139-2149.
[9]罗蛰潭,王允诚.水银退出效率与岩石孔隙结构的关系[J].石油实验地质,1980,2(2):21-29.Luo Zhetan,Wang Yuncheng. The relationship between the return efficiency of mercury and the pore structure of rock[J]. Petroleum Experimental Geology,1980,2(2):21-29.
[10]谢然红,肖立志.储层流体及其在岩石孔隙中的核磁共振驰豫温度特性[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):280-284.Xie Ranhong,Xiao Lizhi. Temperature effect on NMR relaxation time for bulk fluids and fluids in rocks[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):280-284.
[11]吴小斌,张永平,侯加根,等.核磁共振技术在苏里格致密气层识别中的应用[J].新疆地质,2011,29(2):238-241.Wu Xiaobin,Zhang Yongping,Hou Jiagen,et al. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance technique in recognition of compact-gas reservoir of Shulige area[J]. Xinjiang Geology,2011,29(2):238-241.
[12]王振华,陈刚,李书恒,等.核磁共振岩心实验分析在低孔渗储层评价中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(6):773-779.Wang Zhenhua,Chen Gang,Li Shuhen,et al. Application of NMR core experimental analysis in evaluation of low-porosity and low-permeability sandstone reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(6):773-779.
[13]刘堂宴,马在田,傅容珊.核磁共振谱的岩石孔喉结构分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):737-742.Liu Tangyan,Ma Zaitian,Fu Rongshan. Analysis of rock pore structure with NMR spectra[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(4):737-742.
[14]王大鹏,陆红梅,陈小亮,等.海相碳酸盐岩大中型油气田成藏体系及分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):363-371.Wang Dapeng,Lu Hongmei,Chen Xiaoliang,et al. Petroleum accumulation systems and distribution of medium to large marine carbonate feilds[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(3):363-371.
[15]赵从俊.弯曲形变层内应力分布与四川致密碳酸盐岩气藏富集规律[J].石油勘探与开发,1986,13(2):9-18.Zhao Congjun. A discussion on the relation of between the distribution of formation stress due to curved strain of the formation and the gas accumulation in tight carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Province[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,1986,13(2):9-18.
[16]侯方浩,方少仙,沈照国,等.白云岩体表生成岩裸露期古风化壳岩溶的规模[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):19-30.Hou Fanghao,Fang Shaoxian,Shen Zhaoguo,et al. The scale of paleoweathering crust karst in the epiphytogenic rocks of dolomite during the exposed period[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(1):19-30.
[17]熊鹰,李凌,文彩霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部奥陶系马五1+2储层特征及成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(5):691-701.Xiong Ying,Li Ling,Wen Caixia,et al. Characteristics and genesis of Ordovician Ma51+2sub-member reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(5):691-701.
[18]王国亭,程立华,孟德伟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系古岩溶型碳酸盐岩致密储层特征、形成机理与天然气富集潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):685-695.Wang Guoting,Cheng Lihua,Meng Dewei,et al. Characterization and formation of the Ordovician tight paleokarst carbonates in the eastern Ordos Basin and its gas accumulation[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2018,39(4):685-695.
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