印度块菌在我国东北地区的分布及其生态学意义
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摘要
通过形态学观察和系统发育分析我国东北地区黑龙江省和辽宁省采集的块菌属(Tuber)标本。结果表明:该"黑块菌"在形态特征上与印度块菌(T.indicum)较为相近,在系统发育树上均位于印度块菌复合群所在的分支,但采自黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市和牡丹江市的样品分别位于不同的亚分支,辽宁省朝阳市的样品与齐齐哈尔地区的样品亲缘关系更近。结合宿主植物与地理位置等数据,本文将其定义为印度块菌的不同地理生态型。本研究是印度块菌在黑龙江省的首次发现,拓宽了对印度块菌资源分布范围的认识,对深入研究块菌属生物多样性与地理分布型及指导菌根合成、人工种植均具有较重要的科学意义。
Tuber specimens were collected from Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces in northeastern China and analyzed by morphological observation and phylogenetic methods.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the "black truffles" resembled those of T.indicum,and they were clustered into a general branch of T.indicum in phylogenetic tree.However,the samples from Qiqihar and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang Province were in different sub-branches,and the samples from Chaoyang City in Liaoning Province were more closely related to the samples from Qiqihar area.Concerning the host plants and geographical locations,our study identified those truffles as two new ecotypes of T.indicum.This study is the first discovery of T.indicum in Heilongjiang.It broadens the understanding of the distribution of T.indicum resources in China,and is of great scientific significance to further study the biodiversity and geographical distribution patterns of Tuber and to guide mycorrhizal synthesis and cultivation.
Tuber specimens were collected from Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces in northeastern China and analyzed by morphological observation and phylogenetic methods.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the "black truffles" resembled those of T.indicum,and they were clustered into a general branch of T.indicum in phylogenetic tree.However,the samples from Qiqihar and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang Province were in different sub-branches,and the samples from Chaoyang City in Liaoning Province were more closely related to the samples from Qiqihar area.Concerning the host plants and geographical locations,our study identified those truffles as two new ecotypes of T.indicum.This study is the first discovery of T.indicum in Heilongjiang.It broadens the understanding of the distribution of T.indicum resources in China,and is of great scientific significance to further study the biodiversity and geographical distribution patterns of Tuber and to guide mycorrhizal synthesis and cultivation.
引文
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[3]李淑超.交配型基因在印度块菌复合群鉴定及菌根合成中的应用[D].北京:中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,2017.
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[5]REYNA S,GARCIA-BARREDA S.Black truffle cultivation:a global reality[J].Forest Systems,2014,23(2):317-328.
[6]胡慧娟,李佩珍,林涛,等.块菌多糖对小鼠肿瘤及免疫系统的影响[J].中国药科大学学报,1994,25(5):289-292.
[7]罗强,颜亮,吴俐莎,等.印度块菌水溶性多糖的单糖组成与抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(23):52-56.
[8]ZHAO L,WANG K,YANG R,et al.Antioxidant activity of the water-soluble and alkali-soluble polysaccharides from Chinese truffle Tuber sinense[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012,11(10):1753-1756.
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[12]刘培贵,王云,王向华,等.中国西南块菌(松露)多样性及其保护生物学研究[J].中国科技成果,2015(1):37-41.
[13]陈娟,李淑超,李佳梅,等.中国“黑块菌”(黑松露)新分布区确认及物种多样性保护[J].中国科学:生命科学,2018,48(03):319-331.
[14]王云,刘培贵.块菌名实考证及其资源保护[J].植物分类与资源学报,2011,33(6):625-642.
[15]刘培贵.中国永胜块菌(松露)保护与持续利用实用手册[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2018:1-58.
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[17]GARDES M,BRUNS TD.ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts[J].Molecular Ecology,1993,2(2):113-118.
[18]Of DONNELL K,CIGELNIK E,WEBER NS,et al.Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis[J].Mycologia,1997,89(1):48-65.
[19]陈娟,邓晓娟,刘培贵.块菌属研究概况和重要进展[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(7):1013-1018.
[20]李淑超,乔鹏,刘思思,等.块菌属分子系统学及菌根共生机制研究进展[J].菌物学报,2017,36(2):131-144.
[21]WANG YJ,TAN ZM,ZHANG DC,et al.Phylogenetic and populational study of the Tuber indicum complex[J].Mycological Research,2006,110(9):1034-1045.
[22]ZHANG LF,YANG ZL,SONG DS.A phylogenetic study of commercial Chinese truffles and their allies:taxonomic implications[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2005,245(1):85-92.
[23]陈娟.中国块菌属的分类与系统学[D].昆明:中国科学院昆明植物研究所,2007.
[24]CHEN J,GUO SX,LIU PG.Species recognition and cryptic species in the Tuber indicum complex[J].PLoS One,2011,6(1):e14625.
[25]KINOSHITA A,OBASE K,YAMANAKA T.Ectomycorrhizaeformed by three Japanese truffle species(Tuber japonicum,T.longispinosum,and T.himalayense)on indigenous oak and pine species[J].Mycorrhiza,2018,28(7):679-690.
[26]FENG B,ZHAO Q,XU JP,et al.Drainage isolation and climate change-driven population expansion shape the genetic structures of Tuber indicum complex in the Hengduan Mountains region[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:21811.
[27]KINOSHITA A,NARA K,SASAKI H,et al.Using mating-type loci to improve taxonomy of the Tuber indicum complex,and discovery of a new species,T.longispinosum[J].PLoS One,2018,13(3):e0193745.
[28]QIAO P,TIAN W,LIU PG,et al.Phylogeography and population genetic analyses reveal the speciation of the Tuber indicum complex[J].Fungal Genetics and Biology,2018,113:14-23.
[29]MARTIN F,KOHLER A,MURAT C,et al.Perigord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis[J].Nature,2010,464(7291):1033-1038.
[30]FAN L,CAO JZ,LI Y.A reassessment of excavated Tuber species from China based on morphology and ITS rDNA sequence data[J].Mycotaxon,2013,124(1):155-163.
[31]FAN L,HOU CL,LI Y.Tuber microverrucosum and T.huizeanum two new species from China with reticulate ascospores[J].Mycotaxon,2013,122(1):161-169.
[32]FAN L,ZHANG PR,YAN XY,et al.Phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Tuber species that resemble T.borchii reveal the existence of the new species T.hubeiense and T.wumengense.Mycologia[J],2016,108(2):354-362.
[33]DENG XJ,LIU PG,LIU CY,et al.A new white truffle species,Tuber panzhihuanense from China[J].Mycological Progress,2013,12(3):557-561.
[34]LI SH,ZHENG LY,LIU CY,et al.Two new truffles species,Tuber alboumbilicum and Tuber pseudobrumale from China[J].Mycological Progress,2014,13(4):1157-1163.
[35]HU HT,WANG Y,HU BY.Cultivation of Tuber formosanum on limed soil in Taiwan[J].New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2005,33(4):363-366.
[2]FRANK B.On the nutritional dependence of certain trees on root symbiosis with belowground fungi(an English translation of A.B.Frank's classic paper of 1885)[J].Mycorrhiza,2005,15(4):267-275.
[3]李淑超.交配型基因在印度块菌复合群鉴定及菌根合成中的应用[D].北京:中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,2017.
[4]陈娟,邓晓娟,陈吉岳,等.中国块菌属多样性[J].菌物研究,2011,9(4):244-254.
[5]REYNA S,GARCIA-BARREDA S.Black truffle cultivation:a global reality[J].Forest Systems,2014,23(2):317-328.
[6]胡慧娟,李佩珍,林涛,等.块菌多糖对小鼠肿瘤及免疫系统的影响[J].中国药科大学学报,1994,25(5):289-292.
[7]罗强,颜亮,吴俐莎,等.印度块菌水溶性多糖的单糖组成与抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学,2010,31(23):52-56.
[8]ZHAO L,WANG K,YANG R,et al.Antioxidant activity of the water-soluble and alkali-soluble polysaccharides from Chinese truffle Tuber sinense[J].Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,2012,11(10):1753-1756.
[9]BEARA IN,LESJAKE MM,CETOJEVICSIMIN DD,et al.Phenolic profile,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of black(Tuber aestivum Vittad.)and white(Tuber magnatum Pico)truffles[J].Food Chemistry,2014,165:460-466.
[10]LIU B.New species and new records of hypogeous fungi from China I[J].Acta Mycologica Sinica,1985(4):84-89.
[11]藏穆,蒲春翔,邬建明,等.印度块菌在我国分布的确认[J].中国食用菌,1992,11(3):19-39.
[12]刘培贵,王云,王向华,等.中国西南块菌(松露)多样性及其保护生物学研究[J].中国科技成果,2015(1):37-41.
[13]陈娟,李淑超,李佳梅,等.中国“黑块菌”(黑松露)新分布区确认及物种多样性保护[J].中国科学:生命科学,2018,48(03):319-331.
[14]王云,刘培贵.块菌名实考证及其资源保护[J].植物分类与资源学报,2011,33(6):625-642.
[15]刘培贵.中国永胜块菌(松露)保护与持续利用实用手册[M].昆明:云南大学出版社,2018:1-58.
[16]生态环境部,中国科学院.《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》公告[R/OL].(2018-05-16)[2018-09-23].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/sthjbgg/201805/t2 0180524_441393.htm.
[17]GARDES M,BRUNS TD.ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts[J].Molecular Ecology,1993,2(2):113-118.
[18]Of DONNELL K,CIGELNIK E,WEBER NS,et al.Phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycetous truffles and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis[J].Mycologia,1997,89(1):48-65.
[19]陈娟,邓晓娟,刘培贵.块菌属研究概况和重要进展[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(7):1013-1018.
[20]李淑超,乔鹏,刘思思,等.块菌属分子系统学及菌根共生机制研究进展[J].菌物学报,2017,36(2):131-144.
[21]WANG YJ,TAN ZM,ZHANG DC,et al.Phylogenetic and populational study of the Tuber indicum complex[J].Mycological Research,2006,110(9):1034-1045.
[22]ZHANG LF,YANG ZL,SONG DS.A phylogenetic study of commercial Chinese truffles and their allies:taxonomic implications[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2005,245(1):85-92.
[23]陈娟.中国块菌属的分类与系统学[D].昆明:中国科学院昆明植物研究所,2007.
[24]CHEN J,GUO SX,LIU PG.Species recognition and cryptic species in the Tuber indicum complex[J].PLoS One,2011,6(1):e14625.
[25]KINOSHITA A,OBASE K,YAMANAKA T.Ectomycorrhizaeformed by three Japanese truffle species(Tuber japonicum,T.longispinosum,and T.himalayense)on indigenous oak and pine species[J].Mycorrhiza,2018,28(7):679-690.
[26]FENG B,ZHAO Q,XU JP,et al.Drainage isolation and climate change-driven population expansion shape the genetic structures of Tuber indicum complex in the Hengduan Mountains region[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:21811.
[27]KINOSHITA A,NARA K,SASAKI H,et al.Using mating-type loci to improve taxonomy of the Tuber indicum complex,and discovery of a new species,T.longispinosum[J].PLoS One,2018,13(3):e0193745.
[28]QIAO P,TIAN W,LIU PG,et al.Phylogeography and population genetic analyses reveal the speciation of the Tuber indicum complex[J].Fungal Genetics and Biology,2018,113:14-23.
[29]MARTIN F,KOHLER A,MURAT C,et al.Perigord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis[J].Nature,2010,464(7291):1033-1038.
[30]FAN L,CAO JZ,LI Y.A reassessment of excavated Tuber species from China based on morphology and ITS rDNA sequence data[J].Mycotaxon,2013,124(1):155-163.
[31]FAN L,HOU CL,LI Y.Tuber microverrucosum and T.huizeanum two new species from China with reticulate ascospores[J].Mycotaxon,2013,122(1):161-169.
[32]FAN L,ZHANG PR,YAN XY,et al.Phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Tuber species that resemble T.borchii reveal the existence of the new species T.hubeiense and T.wumengense.Mycologia[J],2016,108(2):354-362.
[33]DENG XJ,LIU PG,LIU CY,et al.A new white truffle species,Tuber panzhihuanense from China[J].Mycological Progress,2013,12(3):557-561.
[34]LI SH,ZHENG LY,LIU CY,et al.Two new truffles species,Tuber alboumbilicum and Tuber pseudobrumale from China[J].Mycological Progress,2014,13(4):1157-1163.
[35]HU HT,WANG Y,HU BY.Cultivation of Tuber formosanum on limed soil in Taiwan[J].New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2005,33(4):363-366.
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