圆口铜鱼人工繁殖及胚胎发育研究
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摘要
鉴于金沙江梯级电站开发运行后鱼类栖息地减少、洄游通道受阻、自然繁殖受到影响、早期资源量显著下降、种群生存面临危机的现状,为了保护鱼类种质资源,通过人工增殖放流是补充其资源量的主要补救措施。利用船体网箱原位活水驯养的圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)亲鱼,开展亲鱼驯养、人工催产和胚胎发育研究。结果表明,圆口铜鱼亲鱼在船体网箱活水驯养条件下,性腺发育成熟,可用于人工催产。2017年6月17-30日,采用二次注射法人工催产3批次,共产卵约12万粒,在水温20.5～21.9℃条件下,针距8～10 h,效应时间18～19 h,平均受精率69.3%,出苗约5万尾。圆口铜鱼卵径1.9～2.2 mm,卵膜径6.4～7.2 mm,胚胎发育过程分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个阶段,在水温20.5～22.5℃,溶氧7 mg/L以上条件下,历时48～62 h出膜。研究结果为圆口铜鱼人工繁殖技术提供了参考,为其规模化人工增殖放流提供了保障。
Coreius guichenoti is an economic fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Cascaded hydropower development on the Jinsha River has severely altered the habitat and migration routes of C. guichenoti, resulting in a sharp decline of early life stage populations and threatening wild populations. It is thus necessary to conserve C. guichenoti germplasm resources and artificial propagation and release is the primary means available. In this study, we describe and illustrate the propagation technology and embryonic development of C. guichenoti. Parental fish, collected from the Luzhou section of Yangtze River, were reared in-situ in a cage. Then, from June 17-30 of 2017, 24 females and 36 males were selected for artificial spawning and propagation. The gonads matured during in-situ domestication and spawning was induced three times. Fish were injected twice, at an interval of 8-10 h, and the response time was 18-19 h, at a water temperature of 20.5-21.9℃. A total of 120 000 eggs were obtained, with the relative fecundity of 12.05-13.61 eggs/g. Artificial fertilization was carried out by the semi-dry method and the average fertilization rate was 69.3%, resulting in a total of 50 000 fries. The eggs were pelagic, ovate and steel grey, with an average diameter of 1.9-2.2 mm and swelled to 6.4-7.2 mm. Zygotes were incubated at 20.5-22.5℃ and DO>7 mg/L. Embryonic development required 48-62 h and occurred in seven stages: fertilized egg, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organ development, and release of newly hatched larvae from the membrane. This study provides a technical reference for large-scale artificial propagation of C. guichenoti.
Coreius guichenoti is an economic fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Cascaded hydropower development on the Jinsha River has severely altered the habitat and migration routes of C. guichenoti, resulting in a sharp decline of early life stage populations and threatening wild populations. It is thus necessary to conserve C. guichenoti germplasm resources and artificial propagation and release is the primary means available. In this study, we describe and illustrate the propagation technology and embryonic development of C. guichenoti. Parental fish, collected from the Luzhou section of Yangtze River, were reared in-situ in a cage. Then, from June 17-30 of 2017, 24 females and 36 males were selected for artificial spawning and propagation. The gonads matured during in-situ domestication and spawning was induced three times. Fish were injected twice, at an interval of 8-10 h, and the response time was 18-19 h, at a water temperature of 20.5-21.9℃. A total of 120 000 eggs were obtained, with the relative fecundity of 12.05-13.61 eggs/g. Artificial fertilization was carried out by the semi-dry method and the average fertilization rate was 69.3%, resulting in a total of 50 000 fries. The eggs were pelagic, ovate and steel grey, with an average diameter of 1.9-2.2 mm and swelled to 6.4-7.2 mm. Zygotes were incubated at 20.5-22.5℃ and DO>7 mg/L. Embryonic development required 48-62 h and occurred in seven stages: fertilized egg, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organ development, and release of newly hatched larvae from the membrane. This study provides a technical reference for large-scale artificial propagation of C. guichenoti.
引文
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刘红萍,周波,2018.圆口铜鱼的生物学研究现状、问题与对策[J].养殖世界,31(1):37-38.
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刘丽丽,2010.半刺厚唇鱼的性腺发育及人工繁殖研究[D].福州:福建师范大学.
万远,占阳,欧阳珊,等,2013.胭脂鱼胚胎及仔鱼早期发育观察[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),37(1):78-82.
谢仰杰,翁朝红,管延华,等,2001.温度对花尾胡椒鲷胚胎发育的影响[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),6(2):138-143.
赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等,2017.云南盘鮈人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,13(5):124-128.
周春生,梁秩燊,黄鹤年,1980.兴修水利枢纽后汉江产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖生态[J].水生生物学学报,7(2):175-188.
Bobe J,Labbe C,2010.Egg and sperm quality in fish[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,165(3):535-548.
Lake J S,1967.Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes II.Morphogenesis and ontogeny[J].Marine & Freshwater Research,18(2):155-176.
Leblanc C A,Kristjansson B K,Skulason S,2016.The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus[J].Aquaculture Research,47(4):1100-1111.
管敏,肖衎,胡美宏,等,2015.长鳍吻鮈胚胎发育和仔鱼发育[J].渔业科学进展,36(4):57-64.
刘红萍,周波,2018.圆口铜鱼的生物学研究现状、问题与对策[J].养殖世界,31(1):37-38.
刘筠,1993.中国养殖鱼类繁殖生理学[M].北京:农业出版社.
刘乐和,吴国犀,王志玲,1990.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流铜鱼和圆口铜鱼繁殖生态[J].水生生物学报,14(3):205-215.
刘丽丽,2010.半刺厚唇鱼的性腺发育及人工繁殖研究[D].福州:福建师范大学.
万远,占阳,欧阳珊,等,2013.胭脂鱼胚胎及仔鱼早期发育观察[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),37(1):78-82.
谢仰杰,翁朝红,管延华,等,2001.温度对花尾胡椒鲷胚胎发育的影响[J].集美大学学报(自然科学版),6(2):138-143.
赵健蓉,解崇友,蔡瑞钰,等,2017.云南盘鮈人工繁殖及胚胎发育初步观察[J].南方水产科学,13(5):124-128.
周春生,梁秩燊,黄鹤年,1980.兴修水利枢纽后汉江产漂流性卵鱼类的繁殖生态[J].水生生物学学报,7(2):175-188.
Bobe J,Labbe C,2010.Egg and sperm quality in fish[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,165(3):535-548.
Lake J S,1967.Rearing experiments with five species of Australian freshwater fishes II.Morphogenesis and ontogeny[J].Marine & Freshwater Research,18(2):155-176.
Leblanc C A,Kristjansson B K,Skulason S,2016.The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus[J].Aquaculture Research,47(4):1100-1111.
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