绩效导向的大学本科教学质量评估模式探析——基于英国“卓越教学框架”的技术性分析
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摘要
为了提升教学质量和学生学习成效,英国启动了新的大学本科教学质量评估体系——"卓越教学框架"(TEF)。与以往关注质量纵向发展的院校审核和以最低标准为门槛的资质认证不同,"卓越教学框架"是一种绩效导向的等级评估新模式。从方法和技术体系来看,该框架的指标数据主要来源于已有的英国高校学生发展状态全国性数据库,通过加权平均计算相关指标的满意度,采用设置基准的方法实现不同高校教学质量的有意义比较。同时,为了使大众对英国高校教学质量具有更加直观的认识,"卓越教学框架"通过计算指标值与基准之差、Z分数对评估结果进行显著性检验。最后,根据高校获得的正面标示(+)和负面标示(-)数量给予其金、银、铜牌三类评级之一。按照方案设计,"卓越教学框架"评估结果是高校学费增长幅度的核心依据。
In order to improve the quality of teaching and the effectiveness of student learning, the UK launched a new university undergraduate teaching quality evaluation system-Teaching Excellence Framework(TEF). Compared to the previous assessment system which were focusing on the longitude assessment on universities and the minimum standard, Teaching Excellence Framework is a new performance-oriented evaluation model,which the key indexes are all from the current National Student Survey database. Through the weighted average calculation of the satisfaction of relevant indicators, the method of setting the benchmark to achieve a meaningful comparison of teaching quality among different colleges and universities. Meanwhile, in order to have a more intuitive understanding of the quality of teaching in British universities for the public, TEF evaluates the significance of the assessment results by calculating the difference between the index value and the benchmark. Finally,one of the three ratings of gold, silver and bronze is given based on the number of positive( +) and negative(-)signs obtained by the university. According to the method design,TEF is the core basis of the university's rising tuition fee.
In order to improve the quality of teaching and the effectiveness of student learning, the UK launched a new university undergraduate teaching quality evaluation system-Teaching Excellence Framework(TEF). Compared to the previous assessment system which were focusing on the longitude assessment on universities and the minimum standard, Teaching Excellence Framework is a new performance-oriented evaluation model,which the key indexes are all from the current National Student Survey database. Through the weighted average calculation of the satisfaction of relevant indicators, the method of setting the benchmark to achieve a meaningful comparison of teaching quality among different colleges and universities. Meanwhile, in order to have a more intuitive understanding of the quality of teaching in British universities for the public, TEF evaluates the significance of the assessment results by calculating the difference between the index value and the benchmark. Finally,one of the three ratings of gold, silver and bronze is given based on the number of positive( +) and negative(-)signs obtained by the university. According to the method design,TEF is the core basis of the university's rising tuition fee.
引文
[1][14][19]THE.Teaching Excellence Framework(TEF)Results 2017[EB/OL].[2018-01-21].https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/teaching-excellence-framework-tef-results-2017.
[2]王铄,王雪双.英国大学教学评估改革新动向--基于“教学卓越框架”的前瞻性分析[J].比较教育研究,2017,(7):49-55.
[3]郑浩.英国教学卓越框架(TEF):理念、标准与启示[J].外国教育研究,2017,(8):90-104.
[4]方勇,范乐.从研究卓越框架到教学卓越框架--英国高等教育改革及启示[J].教育学术月刊,2017,(10):45-51.
[5]Josh Forstenzer.The Teaching Excellence Framework:What's The Purpose?[EB/OL].[2018-02-11].http://www.crickcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/TEF-Whats-the-Purpose-bookletJosh-Forstenzer.pdf.
[6][7]Department for Business Innovation&Skills(BIS).Fulfilling our Potential:Teaching Excellence,Social Mobility and Student Choice[EB/OL].[2018-02-19].https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/474227/BIS-15-623-fulfilling-our-potential-teaching-excellence-social-mobility-and-student-choice.pdf.
[8]NSS.The National Student Survey Questionnaire(2017)[EB/OL].[2018-03-04].http://www.thestudentsurvey.com/content/NSS2017_Core_Questionnaire.pdf.
[9][10]Department for Education.Teaching Excellence Framework:year two specification(2016)[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].http://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/staffportal/TEF_Year_2_specification.pdf.
[11]Department for Education.Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework Specification(2017)[EB/OL].[2018-01-14]https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teaching-excellence-andstudent-outcomes-framework-specification.
[12]HESA.UK Performance Indicators Benchmarks.[EB/OL].[2018-03-11].https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/benchmarks.
[13]Draper,D.,Gittoes,M..Statistical Analysis of Performance Indicators in UK Higher Education(with discussion)[EB/OL].[2018-02-19].https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~draper/draper-talk-for-sienameeting-12sep06.pdf.
[15]Greg Hust.University Teaching will be rated gold,silver or bronze[EB/OL].[2018-02-14].http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/universities-urged-to-go-for-gold-in-new-rankings-zbkdcwrhv.
[16]Andrew Gunn.TEF:Everything You Need to Know about the New University Rankings[EB/OL].[2018-01-23].https://theconversation.com/tef-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-newuniversity-rankings-79932.
[17]Department for Business&Skills(BIS).Success as a Knowledge Economy:Teaching Excellence,Social Mobility and Student Choice,GOV.UK(2016):49.[EB/OL].[2018-01-18].https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523396/bis-16-265-success-as-aknowledge-economy.pdf.
[18]国家教育宏观政策研究院.英国大学卓越教学评估:为何评、评什么、怎么看[EB/OL].[2018-03-21].http://www.niepr.ecnu.edu.cn/xz/list.htm.No.32019 Studies in Foreign Education Vol.46 General No.345
(1)2010年英国标准职业分类(SOC2010)为:(1)管理人员、董事和高级官员;(2)专业服务职业;(3)准专业和技术职业;(4)行政和秘书职业;(5)高级技术职业;(6)看护、休闲等服务职业;(7)销售和客户服务职业;(8)设备和机器操作工;(9)技术工人。参见:HESA. Standard Occupational Classifi-cation:SOC2010[EB/OL].https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/documentation/occupational/soc2010.
(1)为简明阐释基准计算思路和具体方法,假设全英国高校的专业设置统共仅有农业、数学和历史三个专业。
[2]王铄,王雪双.英国大学教学评估改革新动向--基于“教学卓越框架”的前瞻性分析[J].比较教育研究,2017,(7):49-55.
[3]郑浩.英国教学卓越框架(TEF):理念、标准与启示[J].外国教育研究,2017,(8):90-104.
[4]方勇,范乐.从研究卓越框架到教学卓越框架--英国高等教育改革及启示[J].教育学术月刊,2017,(10):45-51.
[5]Josh Forstenzer.The Teaching Excellence Framework:What's The Purpose?[EB/OL].[2018-02-11].http://www.crickcentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/TEF-Whats-the-Purpose-bookletJosh-Forstenzer.pdf.
[6][7]Department for Business Innovation&Skills(BIS).Fulfilling our Potential:Teaching Excellence,Social Mobility and Student Choice[EB/OL].[2018-02-19].https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/474227/BIS-15-623-fulfilling-our-potential-teaching-excellence-social-mobility-and-student-choice.pdf.
[8]NSS.The National Student Survey Questionnaire(2017)[EB/OL].[2018-03-04].http://www.thestudentsurvey.com/content/NSS2017_Core_Questionnaire.pdf.
[9][10]Department for Education.Teaching Excellence Framework:year two specification(2016)[EB/OL].[2018-02-13].http://www.reading.ac.uk/web/files/staffportal/TEF_Year_2_specification.pdf.
[11]Department for Education.Teaching Excellence and Student Outcomes Framework Specification(2017)[EB/OL].[2018-01-14]https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/teaching-excellence-andstudent-outcomes-framework-specification.
[12]HESA.UK Performance Indicators Benchmarks.[EB/OL].[2018-03-11].https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/performance-indicators/benchmarks.
[13]Draper,D.,Gittoes,M..Statistical Analysis of Performance Indicators in UK Higher Education(with discussion)[EB/OL].[2018-02-19].https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~draper/draper-talk-for-sienameeting-12sep06.pdf.
[15]Greg Hust.University Teaching will be rated gold,silver or bronze[EB/OL].[2018-02-14].http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/universities-urged-to-go-for-gold-in-new-rankings-zbkdcwrhv.
[16]Andrew Gunn.TEF:Everything You Need to Know about the New University Rankings[EB/OL].[2018-01-23].https://theconversation.com/tef-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-newuniversity-rankings-79932.
[17]Department for Business&Skills(BIS).Success as a Knowledge Economy:Teaching Excellence,Social Mobility and Student Choice,GOV.UK(2016):49.[EB/OL].[2018-01-18].https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523396/bis-16-265-success-as-aknowledge-economy.pdf.
[18]国家教育宏观政策研究院.英国大学卓越教学评估:为何评、评什么、怎么看[EB/OL].[2018-03-21].http://www.niepr.ecnu.edu.cn/xz/list.htm.No.32019 Studies in Foreign Education Vol.46 General No.345
(1)2010年英国标准职业分类(SOC2010)为:(1)管理人员、董事和高级官员;(2)专业服务职业;(3)准专业和技术职业;(4)行政和秘书职业;(5)高级技术职业;(6)看护、休闲等服务职业;(7)销售和客户服务职业;(8)设备和机器操作工;(9)技术工人。参见:HESA. Standard Occupational Classifi-cation:SOC2010[EB/OL].https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/documentation/occupational/soc2010.
(1)为简明阐释基准计算思路和具体方法,假设全英国高校的专业设置统共仅有农业、数学和历史三个专业。