不同浓度镧处理对铅胁迫下玉米生长和铅吸收的影响
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摘要
采用温室盆栽试验的方法,研究不同浓度的镧处理(0、50、200和800 mg·kg~(-1))对中度铅胁迫下(200 mg·kg~(-1))玉米生长、矿质营养元素吸收、C∶N∶P生态化学计量比及Pb和La吸收的影响,探讨土壤-植物系统中稀土重金属的相互作用,旨在为稀土矿区稀土重金属复合污染土壤的治理提供基础数据和理论依据.结果表明,随着外源La浓度的增加土壤中乙酸铵-EDTA提取态La的浓度显著增加,而乙酸铵-EDTA提取态Pb的浓度显著降低;玉米地上部干重显著降低了17.90%~81.17%,根冠比显著增加了21.74%~86.96%;随着土壤中La浓度的增加根部P含量显著降低了19.16%~89.68%,La浓度为200 mg·kg~(-1)和800 mg·kg~(-1)时,地上部P和N含量分别显著降低了65.51%~91.98%和48.27%~76.58%;随着土壤中La浓度的增加,植株C∶P、N∶P和植株La浓度显著增加,地上部和根部Pb浓度分别显著增加了52.61%~99.01%和15.99%~44.34%;随着La浓度的升高显著降低了玉米植株K、Ca和Mg的含量.结果初步证明,在稀土-重金属复合污染土壤中,稀土元素的存在加剧了重金属对植物生长的毒害效应及其所引发的生态风险问题,应进一步深入研究稀土对植物吸收重金属的影响及作用机制.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of lanthanum(0 mg·kg~(-1),50 mg·kg~(-1),200 mg·kg~(-1) and 800 mg·kg~(-1)) on growth,nutrient uptake,C∶ N∶ P stoichiometry,and La and Pb uptake by maize(Zea mays L.) under moderate lead stress(200 mg·kg~(-1)) and evaluate the interaction of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the soil-plant system.The aim was to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for the remediation of rare earth element and heavy metalco-contaminated soils in a rare earths mining area.The results indicate that the concentrations of CH3 COONH4-EDTA-extractable La and Pb significantly increase and decrease,respectively,with increasing La concentrations of the soils.The shoot dry weights of maize significantly decreases by 17.90% to 81.17% and the root to shoot ratio of maize significantly increases by 21.74% to 86.96% with increasing La concentrations of the soils.With increasing La concentrations in soils,the root P contents of maize significantly decrease by 19.16% to 89.68%.The shoot P and N contents significantly decrease by 65.51% to 91.98% and 48.27% to 76.58%,respectively,when the exogenous application of La is 200 mg·kg~(-1) and 800 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.The increasing La concentrations in soils significantly increase the C∶ P and N∶ P ratios and shoot and root La concentrations of maize.The shoot and root Pb concentrations of maize significantly increase by 52.61% to 99.01% and 15.99% to 44.34%,respectively,with increasing La concentrations.Overall,the increasing La concentrations in soils significantly decrease the K,Ca,and Mg contents of maize.The results demonstrate that the presence of rare earth elements aggravates the phytotoxicity of heavy metals to plant and ecological risks.Further research should focus on the effects and mechanisms of rare earth elements on the heavy metal uptake by plants.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of lanthanum(0 mg·kg~(-1),50 mg·kg~(-1),200 mg·kg~(-1) and 800 mg·kg~(-1)) on growth,nutrient uptake,C∶ N∶ P stoichiometry,and La and Pb uptake by maize(Zea mays L.) under moderate lead stress(200 mg·kg~(-1)) and evaluate the interaction of rare earth elements and heavy metals in the soil-plant system.The aim was to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for the remediation of rare earth element and heavy metalco-contaminated soils in a rare earths mining area.The results indicate that the concentrations of CH3 COONH4-EDTA-extractable La and Pb significantly increase and decrease,respectively,with increasing La concentrations of the soils.The shoot dry weights of maize significantly decreases by 17.90% to 81.17% and the root to shoot ratio of maize significantly increases by 21.74% to 86.96% with increasing La concentrations of the soils.With increasing La concentrations in soils,the root P contents of maize significantly decrease by 19.16% to 89.68%.The shoot P and N contents significantly decrease by 65.51% to 91.98% and 48.27% to 76.58%,respectively,when the exogenous application of La is 200 mg·kg~(-1) and 800 mg·kg~(-1),respectively.The increasing La concentrations in soils significantly increase the C∶ P and N∶ P ratios and shoot and root La concentrations of maize.The shoot and root Pb concentrations of maize significantly increase by 52.61% to 99.01% and 15.99% to 44.34%,respectively,with increasing La concentrations.Overall,the increasing La concentrations in soils significantly decrease the K,Ca,and Mg contents of maize.The results demonstrate that the presence of rare earth elements aggravates the phytotoxicity of heavy metals to plant and ecological risks.Further research should focus on the effects and mechanisms of rare earth elements on the heavy metal uptake by plants.
引文
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[2]廖丝琪.我国稀土资源出口问题与建议[J].合作经济与科技,2018,(1):33-35.
[3]李小飞,陈志彪,陈志强,等.南方稀土采矿地土壤和蔬菜重金属含量及其健康风险评价[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(1):146-151.Li X F,Chen Z B,Chen Z Q,et al.Concentrations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and vegetables from REEs mining area,Fujian Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(1):146-151.
[4]金姝兰,黄益宗.稀土元素对农田生态系统的影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):4836-4845.Jin S L,Huang Y Z.A review on rare earth elements in farmland ecosystem[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(16):4836-4845.
[5]杨芳英,廖合群,金姝兰.赣南稀土矿产开采环境代价分析[J].价格月刊,2013,(6):87-90.Yang F Y,Liao H Q,Jin S L.The environmental costs of the mining on rare earths in the south of Jiangxi Province[J].Prices Monthly,2013,(6):87-90.
[6]郭伟,付瑞英,赵仁鑫,等.内蒙古包头白云鄂博矿区及尾矿区周围土壤稀土污染现状和分布特征[J].环境科学,2013,34(5):1895-1900.Guo W,Fu R Y,Zhao R X,et al.Distribution characteristic and current situation of soil rare earth contamination in the Bayan Obo mining area and Baotou tailing reservoir in Inner Mongolia[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(5):1895-1900.
[7]李小飞,陈志彪,张永贺,等.稀土矿区土壤和蔬菜稀土元素含量及其健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(3):835-843.Li X F,Chen Z B,Zhang Y H,et al.Concentrations and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in soil and vegetables from a mining area in Fujian Province[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(3):835-843.
[8]孟晓红,贾瑛,付超然.重金属稀土元素污染在水生物体内的生物富集[J].农业环境保护,2000,19(1):50-52.Meng X H,Jia Y,Fu C R.The biological accumulation of Pb,Cd,Hg,La,Ce in carps[J].Agro-Environmental Protection,2000,19(1):50-52.
[9]万强.稀土农用的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].湖南农业科学,2000,(5):22-23.
[10]丁士明,张自立,梁涛,等.外源稀土对土壤中稀土和重金属可交换态的影响[J].环境科学,2003,24(4):122-126.Ding S M,Zhang Z L,Liang T,et al.Effect of extraneous rare earths(REs)on form of soil exchangeable REs and heavy metals[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(4):122-126.
[11]Wang Z W,Shan X Q,Zhang S Z.Effect of exogenous rare earth elements on fraction of heavy metals in soils and bioaccumulation by plants[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2003,34(11-12):1573-1588.
[12]丁士明,张自立,梁涛,等.外源稀土对根际稀土和重金属地球化学行为的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(1):13-17.Ding S M,Zhang Z L,Liang T,et al.Influence of extraneous rare earth elements(REE's)on biogeochemical behaviors of the elements and several other metals in rhizosphere[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2004,23(1):13-17.
[13]何俊瑜,任艳芳,任明见,等.镨对镉毒害下小麦种子萌发的缓解效应[J].中国稀土学报,2010,28(1):97-103.He J Y,Ren Y F,Ren M J,et al.Alleviation effect of praseodymium on cadmium toxicity during wheat seed germination[J].Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society,2010,28(1):97-103.
[14]赵文静,郭伟,赵仁鑫,等.稀土元素对土壤-植物系统中重金属行为的影响及其机理研究进展[J].土壤通报,2014,45(2):508-512.Zhao W J,Guo W,Zhao R X,et al.Effects of rare earth elements on heavy metal behavior and their action mechanisms in a soil-plant system[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(2):508-512.
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