政府在推进军民融合和国家科技创新中的资源创造作用——以美国为例

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：The Government’s Role for Resource Creation in Promoting Military-Civic Integration and National Science and Technology Innovation ——Taking the United States as an Example 作者：贾利军 ; 陈恒烜 英文作者：Jia Lijun;Chen Hengxuan;School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology; 关键词：军民融合 ; 政府 ; 资源创造 ; 科技创新 英文关键词：military-civilian integration;;government;;resource creation;;technological innovation 中文刊名：JWDP 英文刊名：Teaching and Research 机构：北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院; 出版日期：2019-05-15 出版单位：教学与研究 年：2019 期：No.487 基金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“军民融合推进京津冀制造业协同发展路径研究”(项目号:17LJA002)的阶段性成果 语种：中文; 页：JWDP201905007 页数：10 CN：05 ISSN：11-1454/G4 分类号：55-64

摘要

政府主导科技创新的历史事实集中体现在军民融合的进程之中,这种事实揭示了政府作用旨在于推动资源创造,而非主流经济学所谓弥补市场失灵的作用。本文通过考察美国20世纪军民融合的历史经验认为,军民融合本质上是由政府主导的国家科技创新模式,政府通过一系列灵活的规则和制度设计,有效地促进了新科技的涌现与扩散。科技创新本质上是资源创造而非资源配置,以科技创新为切入点重新考察政府作用,可以超越主流经济学的理论框架,从而从资源创造的视角扩展对政府的认知。因此,本文尝试用动态的、历史的方法考察政府在科技创新中的重要作用及其产生的原因。
        The historical facts of government-led scientific and technological innovation are concentrated in the process of military-civilian integration.This fact reveals that the role of government is to promote resource creation, rather than the role of mainstream economics to compensate for market failures.By examining the historical experience of military and civilian integration in the United States in the last century, this paper argues that the integration of military and civilian is essentially a national science and technology innovation model led by the government.Through a series of flexible rules and system design, the government has effectively promoted the emergence and spread of new technologies.In essence, technological innovation is resource creation rather than resource allocation.Re-examining the role of government with science and technology innovation as the starting point will help us expand the perception of government's role from the perspective of resource creation.Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the important role of government in science and technology innovation and its causes in a dynamic and historical way.

引文

(1)贾根良:《演化经济学导论》,中国人民大学出版社,2014年,第3页。
    (2)(3)《马克思恩格斯全集》,第3卷,人民出版社,1960年,第50、24页。
    (4)《马克思恩格斯全集》,第42卷,人民出版社,1979年,第121页。
    (5)Witt,U.,“Evolutionary Economics,Max Planck Institute of Economics,Evolutionary Economics Group”,http://www.econ.mpg.de/english/research/EVO/discuss.php#p2006.
    (6)贾根良:《理解演化经济学》,《中国社会科学》2004年第2期。
    (7)陈炳辉:《西方马克思主义的国家理论》,中央编译出版社,2004年,第70页。
    (8)Nelson and Anna Kasten,“The Evolution of the National Security State:Ubiquitous and Endless”,The Long War:A New History of US National Security Policy since World War II,Columbia University Press,2007,p.266.
    (9)Linda Weiss,America Inc. :Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State,Cornell University,2014,pp.24-25.
    (10)Lenoir,Timothy,Margaret,The Manhattan Project for Biomedicine,University of Notre Dame Press,2000,p.62.
    (11)Linda Weiss,America Inc. :Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State,Cornell University,2014,p.7.
    (12)贾利军、杨静:《基础创新研究中政府与市场的作用》,《学术交流》2015年第2期。
    (13)Hart,David M.,Forged Consensus:Science,Technology and Economic Policy in the United States,1921-1953,Princeton University Press,1998,p.195.
    (14)Friedberg,Aaron L.,In the Shadow of the Garrison State:America’s Anti-Statism and Its Cold War Grand Strategy,Princeton University Press,2000,p.22.
    (15)Gompers,P.,“The Rise and Fall of Venture Capital”,Business and Economic History,1994,23(2):1-26.
    (16)Linda Weiss,America Inc. :Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State,Cornell University,2014,p.34.
    (17)Ronald,Reagan,“Address to the Nation on National Security”,Oval Office,February 1986,https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/22686b.
    (18)Linda Weiss,America Inc. :Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State,Cornell University,2014,p.44.
    (19)弗里德里希·李斯特:《政治经济学的国民体系》,商务印书馆,1961年,第307页。
    (20)贾利军、杨静:《从生产关系与技术创新的内在逻辑认识混合所有制改革》,《教学与研究》2015年第4期。