农田景观格局对华北地区麦田早期瓢虫种群发生的影响
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摘要
【目的】评价在华北地区农田景观格局对早期麦田瓢虫种群数量的影响。【方法】本文通过黄板诱集法调查4月中下旬麦田瓢虫成虫数量,对不同空间尺度下的景观格局进行调查与主成分分析,并结合"校正后赤池信息准则(AICc)"对构建的线性模型进行筛选,评估了景观因子对瓢虫种群数量的影响。【结果】在半径0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 km 4个景观尺度下以林地为主的非作物生境均有利于麦田瓢虫成虫种群数量的增加,在较大的尺度范围内村落和休耕地与麦田瓢虫的发生数量正相关。其中,0.5 km尺度下的景观因子最能预测麦田瓢虫种群数量,其中林地面积和瓢虫种群数量呈正相关,而麦田瓢虫却随着景观多样性指数的增加而降低。此外,龟纹瓢虫作为麦田早期瓢虫的优势种类对景观多样性的响应与瓢虫复合种群一致。【结论】在华北地区,农田景观系统中非作物生境有利于麦田早期瓢虫种群的发生。
[Objectives] To determine the effects of landscape pattern on ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields during the early growing season in northern China. [Methods] We investigated the abundance of adult ladybeetles in wheat fields using yellow sticky cards. We analyzed the effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of ladybeetles by identifying the land use pattern by ground verification, then using adjusted Akaike's information Criterion(AICc) to compare general linear models containing principal landscape variables and landscape diversity at four different scales(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 km). [Results] The presence of forest benefited ladybeetle abundance at all landscape scales, and villages and fallow fields also enhanced ladybeetle abundance at larger landscape scales. Overall, landscape features at 0.5 km best predicted ladybeetle abundance, which was positively correlated with the proportion of forest, and negatively correlated with the landscape diversity index. The abundance of Propylaea japonica, the dominant ladybeetle species in wheat fields, had the same relationship with landscape parameters as the ladybeetle community as a whole. [Conclusion] Non-crop habitats in the northern China agricultural ecosystem facilitate the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields during the early growing season.
[Objectives] To determine the effects of landscape pattern on ladybeetle abundance in wheat fields during the early growing season in northern China. [Methods] We investigated the abundance of adult ladybeetles in wheat fields using yellow sticky cards. We analyzed the effects of landscape pattern on the occurrence of ladybeetles by identifying the land use pattern by ground verification, then using adjusted Akaike's information Criterion(AICc) to compare general linear models containing principal landscape variables and landscape diversity at four different scales(0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 km). [Results] The presence of forest benefited ladybeetle abundance at all landscape scales, and villages and fallow fields also enhanced ladybeetle abundance at larger landscape scales. Overall, landscape features at 0.5 km best predicted ladybeetle abundance, which was positively correlated with the proportion of forest, and negatively correlated with the landscape diversity index. The abundance of Propylaea japonica, the dominant ladybeetle species in wheat fields, had the same relationship with landscape parameters as the ladybeetle community as a whole. [Conclusion] Non-crop habitats in the northern China agricultural ecosystem facilitate the occurrence of ladybeetles in wheat fields during the early growing season.
引文
Akaike,H,1976.An information criterion(AIC).Mathematical Scientist,14(153):5?9.
Bianchi F,Booij C,Tscharntke T,2006.Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:a review on landscape composition,biodiversity and natural pest control.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences,273(1595):1715?1727.
Chisholm PJ,Gardiner MM,Moon EG,Crowder DW,2014.Tools and techniques for investigating impacts of habitat complexity on biological control.Biological Control,75(4):48?57.
Collins K,Boatman N,Wilcox A,Holland J,2003.A 5-year comparison of overwintering polyphagous predator densities within a beetle bank and two conventional hedgebanks.Annals of Applied Biology,143(1):63?71.
Cronin JT,Reeve JD,2005.Host-parasitoid spatial ecology:a plea for a landscape-level synthesis.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences,272(1578):2225?2235.
Dong Z,Ouyang F,Lu F,Ge F,2015.Shelterbelts in agricultural landscapes enhance ladybeetle abundance in spillover from cropland to adjacent habitats.Biocontrol,60(3):351?361.
Dong ZK,Gao FJ,Zhang YZ,2009.Integrate management of wheat-cotton-maize pests in northern China.China Society of Plant Protection 2009 annual academic conference,Hubei Wuhan.858?861.[董兆克,高风娟,张润志,2009.华北地区小麦-棉花-玉米害虫一体化综合防治.中国植物保护学会2009年学术年会,中国湖北武汉.858?861.]
Elliott N,Kieckhefer R,Beck D,2002.Effect of aphids and the surrounding landscape on the abundance of Coccinellidae in cornfields.Biological Control,24(3):214?220.
Evans E,2008.Multitrophic interactions among plants,aphids,alternate prey and shared natural enemies-a review.European Journal of Entomology,105(3):369?380.
Gardiner M,Landis D,Gratton C,Di Fonzo C,O'neal M,Chacon J,Wayo M,Schmidt N,Mueller E,Heimpel G,2009.Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA.Ecological Applications,19(1):143?154.
Ge F,Ouyang F,Zhao ZH,2014.Ecological management of insects based on ecological services at a landscape scale.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,51(3):597?605.[戈峰,欧阳芳,赵紫华,2014.基于服务功能的昆虫生态调控理论.应用昆虫学报,51(3):597?605.]
Gui CM,1982.Research on aphids’insect natural enemies.Ji Ling Agricultural Sciences,(3):76?84.[桂承明,1982.蚜虫天敌昆虫的研究.吉林农业科学,(3):76?84.]
Honěk A,MartinkováZ,Pekar S,2007.Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae(Coleoptera)at hibernation sites European Journal of Entomology,104(1):51?56.
Kennedy GG,Storer NP,2000.Life systems of polyphagous arthropod pests in temporally unstable cropping systems.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):467?493.
Labrie G,Coderre D,Lucas E,2008.Overwintering strategy of multicolored Asian lady beetle(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):coldfree space as a factor of invasive success.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,101(5):860?866.
Landis DA,Wratten SD,Gurr GM,2000.Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):175?201.
Liu B,Yang L,Yang F,Wang Q,Yang Y,Lu Y,Gardiner MM,2016.Landscape diversity enhances parasitism of cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)eggs by Trichogramma chilonis in cotton.Biological Control,93(1):15?23.
Liu X,Yang GZ,Hu DF,Wei DC,Li K,2009.Resource and dominant population dynamics of coccinellids in agro-forestry farmland in Central Hebei province.Acta Ecological Snica,29(10):5463?5470.[刘星,闫国增,胡德夫,魏东臣,李凯,2009.冀中农林复合环境瓢虫资源及优势种种群动态.生态学报,29(10):5463?5470.]
Ouyang F,Ge F,2011.Effects of agricultural landscape patterns on insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,48(5):1177?1183.[欧阳芳,戈峰,2011.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态效应.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1177?1183.]
Ramsden MW,Menéndez R,Leather SR,W?ckers F,2015.Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:The relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,199(1):94?104.
Roubos CR,Rodriguez-Saona C,Isaacs R,2014.Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales.Biological Control,75(4):28?38.
Sarthou JP,Badoz A,Vaissière B,Chevallier A,Rusch A,2014.Local more than landscape parameters structure natural enemy communities during their overwintering in semi-natural habitats.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,194(9):17?28.
Schaefer PW,Dysart RJ,Specht HB,1987.North American distribution of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)and its mass appearance in coastal delaware.Environmental Entomology16(2):368?373.
Schellhorn N,Bianchi F,Hsu C,2014.Movement of entomophagous arthropods in agricultural landscapes:links to pest suppression.Annual Review of Entomology,59:559?581.
Turnock WJ,Wise IL,2004.Density and survival of lady beetles(Coccinellidae)in overwintering sites in Manitoba.Canadian Field-Naturalist,118(3):309?317.
Villegas CM,Verdugo JA,Grez AA,Tapia J,Lavandero B,2013.Movement between crops and weeds:temporal refuges for aphidophagous insects in Central Chile.Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria,40(2):317?326.
Wagenmakers EJ,Farrell S,2004.AIC model selection using Akaike weights.Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,11(1):193?196.
Wang RJ,Cao YC,Wu Z,2012.Influence of shelterbelt on population distribtion for ladybug.Protection Forest Science and Technology,(1):53?58.[王瑞君,曹玉成,吴专,2012.林带对瓢虫种群分布的影响研究.防护林科技,(1):53?58.]
Wang S,Michaud J,Tan X,Zhang F,Guo X,2011.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China.Biocontrol,56(2):193?206.
Wang XM,Chen XS,Qiu BL,Ren SX,2014.Methods and technologies for collecting,surveying and sampling predatory ladybirds(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology51(5):1362?1366.[王兴民,陈晓胜,邱宝利,任顺祥,2014.捕食性瓢虫采集与调查取样技术.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1362?1366.]
Wu JG,2007.Landscape Ecological:Pattern,Process,Scale and Hierarchy(2nd edition).Higher Education Press.Beijing.106?109.[邬建国,2007.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社.106?109.]
Yan F,2011.Study on regulatory effect of predatory insects on aphids in agroforestry system.Master dissertation.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University.[严飞,2011.农林复合系统捕食性天敌昆虫控蚜作用研究.硕士论文.北京:北京林业大学.]
You MS,Hou YM,Liu YF,Yang G,Li ZS,Cai HJ,2004.Non-crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):260?268.[尤民生,侯有明,刘雨芳,杨广,李志胜,蔡鸿娇,2004.农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理.昆虫学报,47(2):260?268.]
Yu GY,2010.Chinese Lady Beetles(The Subfamily Coccinellinae).Chemical Industry Press.Beijing.36?40.[虞国跃,2010.中国瓢虫亚科图志.北京:化学工业出版社.36?40.]
Zhang Z,Zhang YH,Cheng DF,Jiang JW,Sun JR,Gao M,Li YT,Yang H,2013.Effectiveness of yellow sticky card traps in capturing wheat aphids and their natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,50(1):223?229.[张智,张云慧,程登发,蒋金炜,孙京瑞,高苗,李一通,杨贺,2013.黄色粘板对小麦蚜虫及其天敌的诱集作用.应用昆虫学报,50(1):223?229.]
Zhou K,Huang JK,Deng XZ,van der Werf W,Zhang W,Lu YH,Wu KM,Wu F,2014.Effects of land use and insecticides on natural enemies of aphids in cotton:First evidence from smallholder agriculture in the North China Plain.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,183(1):176?184.
Zhou MZ,Yang QH,Xie YQ,Xie RS,Ma ZS,Li BS,Tang YS,1986Research on integrated cotton pest management technologies in the southern of Hebei province.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,13(4):251?258.[周明牂,杨奇华,谢以铨,谢永寿,马仲实,李宝兰唐银山,1986.冀南棉麦混作区棉花害虫综合防治技术的研究.植物保护学报,13(4):251?258.]
Bianchi F,Booij C,Tscharntke T,2006.Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:a review on landscape composition,biodiversity and natural pest control.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences,273(1595):1715?1727.
Chisholm PJ,Gardiner MM,Moon EG,Crowder DW,2014.Tools and techniques for investigating impacts of habitat complexity on biological control.Biological Control,75(4):48?57.
Collins K,Boatman N,Wilcox A,Holland J,2003.A 5-year comparison of overwintering polyphagous predator densities within a beetle bank and two conventional hedgebanks.Annals of Applied Biology,143(1):63?71.
Cronin JT,Reeve JD,2005.Host-parasitoid spatial ecology:a plea for a landscape-level synthesis.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B:Biological Sciences,272(1578):2225?2235.
Dong Z,Ouyang F,Lu F,Ge F,2015.Shelterbelts in agricultural landscapes enhance ladybeetle abundance in spillover from cropland to adjacent habitats.Biocontrol,60(3):351?361.
Dong ZK,Gao FJ,Zhang YZ,2009.Integrate management of wheat-cotton-maize pests in northern China.China Society of Plant Protection 2009 annual academic conference,Hubei Wuhan.858?861.[董兆克,高风娟,张润志,2009.华北地区小麦-棉花-玉米害虫一体化综合防治.中国植物保护学会2009年学术年会,中国湖北武汉.858?861.]
Elliott N,Kieckhefer R,Beck D,2002.Effect of aphids and the surrounding landscape on the abundance of Coccinellidae in cornfields.Biological Control,24(3):214?220.
Evans E,2008.Multitrophic interactions among plants,aphids,alternate prey and shared natural enemies-a review.European Journal of Entomology,105(3):369?380.
Gardiner M,Landis D,Gratton C,Di Fonzo C,O'neal M,Chacon J,Wayo M,Schmidt N,Mueller E,Heimpel G,2009.Landscape diversity enhances biological control of an introduced crop pest in the north-central USA.Ecological Applications,19(1):143?154.
Ge F,Ouyang F,Zhao ZH,2014.Ecological management of insects based on ecological services at a landscape scale.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,51(3):597?605.[戈峰,欧阳芳,赵紫华,2014.基于服务功能的昆虫生态调控理论.应用昆虫学报,51(3):597?605.]
Gui CM,1982.Research on aphids’insect natural enemies.Ji Ling Agricultural Sciences,(3):76?84.[桂承明,1982.蚜虫天敌昆虫的研究.吉林农业科学,(3):76?84.]
Honěk A,MartinkováZ,Pekar S,2007.Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae(Coleoptera)at hibernation sites European Journal of Entomology,104(1):51?56.
Kennedy GG,Storer NP,2000.Life systems of polyphagous arthropod pests in temporally unstable cropping systems.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):467?493.
Labrie G,Coderre D,Lucas E,2008.Overwintering strategy of multicolored Asian lady beetle(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):coldfree space as a factor of invasive success.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,101(5):860?866.
Landis DA,Wratten SD,Gurr GM,2000.Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):175?201.
Liu B,Yang L,Yang F,Wang Q,Yang Y,Lu Y,Gardiner MM,2016.Landscape diversity enhances parasitism of cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)eggs by Trichogramma chilonis in cotton.Biological Control,93(1):15?23.
Liu X,Yang GZ,Hu DF,Wei DC,Li K,2009.Resource and dominant population dynamics of coccinellids in agro-forestry farmland in Central Hebei province.Acta Ecological Snica,29(10):5463?5470.[刘星,闫国增,胡德夫,魏东臣,李凯,2009.冀中农林复合环境瓢虫资源及优势种种群动态.生态学报,29(10):5463?5470.]
Ouyang F,Ge F,2011.Effects of agricultural landscape patterns on insects.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,48(5):1177?1183.[欧阳芳,戈峰,2011.农田景观格局变化对昆虫的生态效应.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1177?1183.]
Ramsden MW,Menéndez R,Leather SR,W?ckers F,2015.Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services:The relative role of aphid abundance,annual floral resources,and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,199(1):94?104.
Roubos CR,Rodriguez-Saona C,Isaacs R,2014.Mitigating the effects of insecticides on arthropod biological control at field and landscape scales.Biological Control,75(4):28?38.
Sarthou JP,Badoz A,Vaissière B,Chevallier A,Rusch A,2014.Local more than landscape parameters structure natural enemy communities during their overwintering in semi-natural habitats.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,194(9):17?28.
Schaefer PW,Dysart RJ,Specht HB,1987.North American distribution of Coccinella septempunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)and its mass appearance in coastal delaware.Environmental Entomology16(2):368?373.
Schellhorn N,Bianchi F,Hsu C,2014.Movement of entomophagous arthropods in agricultural landscapes:links to pest suppression.Annual Review of Entomology,59:559?581.
Turnock WJ,Wise IL,2004.Density and survival of lady beetles(Coccinellidae)in overwintering sites in Manitoba.Canadian Field-Naturalist,118(3):309?317.
Villegas CM,Verdugo JA,Grez AA,Tapia J,Lavandero B,2013.Movement between crops and weeds:temporal refuges for aphidophagous insects in Central Chile.Ciencia E Investigacion Agraria,40(2):317?326.
Wagenmakers EJ,Farrell S,2004.AIC model selection using Akaike weights.Psychonomic Bulletin&Review,11(1):193?196.
Wang RJ,Cao YC,Wu Z,2012.Influence of shelterbelt on population distribtion for ladybug.Protection Forest Science and Technology,(1):53?58.[王瑞君,曹玉成,吴专,2012.林带对瓢虫种群分布的影响研究.防护林科技,(1):53?58.]
Wang S,Michaud J,Tan X,Zhang F,Guo X,2011.The aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis in its native range in Northeast China.Biocontrol,56(2):193?206.
Wang XM,Chen XS,Qiu BL,Ren SX,2014.Methods and technologies for collecting,surveying and sampling predatory ladybirds(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology51(5):1362?1366.[王兴民,陈晓胜,邱宝利,任顺祥,2014.捕食性瓢虫采集与调查取样技术.应用昆虫学报,51(5):1362?1366.]
Wu JG,2007.Landscape Ecological:Pattern,Process,Scale and Hierarchy(2nd edition).Higher Education Press.Beijing.106?109.[邬建国,2007.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京:高等教育出版社.106?109.]
Yan F,2011.Study on regulatory effect of predatory insects on aphids in agroforestry system.Master dissertation.Beijing:Beijing Forestry University.[严飞,2011.农林复合系统捕食性天敌昆虫控蚜作用研究.硕士论文.北京:北京林业大学.]
You MS,Hou YM,Liu YF,Yang G,Li ZS,Cai HJ,2004.Non-crop habitat manipulation and integrated pest management in agroecosystems.Acta Entomologica Sinica,47(2):260?268.[尤民生,侯有明,刘雨芳,杨广,李志胜,蔡鸿娇,2004.农田非作物生境调控与害虫综合治理.昆虫学报,47(2):260?268.]
Yu GY,2010.Chinese Lady Beetles(The Subfamily Coccinellinae).Chemical Industry Press.Beijing.36?40.[虞国跃,2010.中国瓢虫亚科图志.北京:化学工业出版社.36?40.]
Zhang Z,Zhang YH,Cheng DF,Jiang JW,Sun JR,Gao M,Li YT,Yang H,2013.Effectiveness of yellow sticky card traps in capturing wheat aphids and their natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,50(1):223?229.[张智,张云慧,程登发,蒋金炜,孙京瑞,高苗,李一通,杨贺,2013.黄色粘板对小麦蚜虫及其天敌的诱集作用.应用昆虫学报,50(1):223?229.]
Zhou K,Huang JK,Deng XZ,van der Werf W,Zhang W,Lu YH,Wu KM,Wu F,2014.Effects of land use and insecticides on natural enemies of aphids in cotton:First evidence from smallholder agriculture in the North China Plain.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,183(1):176?184.
Zhou MZ,Yang QH,Xie YQ,Xie RS,Ma ZS,Li BS,Tang YS,1986Research on integrated cotton pest management technologies in the southern of Hebei province.Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,13(4):251?258.[周明牂,杨奇华,谢以铨,谢永寿,马仲实,李宝兰唐银山,1986.冀南棉麦混作区棉花害虫综合防治技术的研究.植物保护学报,13(4):251?258.]