拉伸荷载作用下含预制裂纹平板试样表面特征量演化规律研究
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摘要
为探究均匀性和非均匀性试样在拉伸荷载作用下,试样破坏前相关变量场演化特征,采用数字散斑相关方法,对比分析含双边预制裂纹的有机玻璃试样和砂浆试样在拉伸荷载作用下表面图像灰度相关性系数场和y方向应变场及其特征量的演化特征。结果表明:试样表面特征量与试样局部化在时间和空间都存在对应关系;图像灰度相关性系数场演化特征能反映试样变形局部化区域,其特征量演化特征能反映试样均匀变形阶段和非均匀变形阶段,在非均匀变形阶段,应变局部化"竞争"激烈,图像灰度相关性系数特征量随时间波动较大,整体上呈急剧增加趋势,可以作为含双边预制裂纹试样破坏前的征兆;y方向应变场演化特征反映了试样应变局部化区域和"竞争"位置以及裂纹起裂位置,其特征量演化特征与载荷随时间变化相关,试样的非均匀性造成特征量处于不断的波动状态,可以区分均匀性试样与非均匀性试样。
In order to investigate the evolution characteristics of relevant variable fields of uniform and non-uniform specimens under tensile loads,the correlation coefficient field of image gray,the strain field in y-direction and their characteristic variables of PMMA and mortar specimens with bilateral prefabricated cracks under tension loads were analyzed and compared using the digital speckle correlation method. The results show that there exist temporal and spatial corresponding relations between the surface characteristic variable and the localization of specimens. The evolution characteristics of the correlation coefficient field of the image gray can reflect the deformation localization area of the specimen,and the uniform and non-uniform deformation stages can be distinguished by the evolution of the characteristics variable of the correlation coefficient. In the non-uniform deformation stage where strain localization‘competes' intensely,the characteristics variable of the gray correlation coefficient of images fluctuates with time and increases sharply on the whole,which signifies the failure precursor of the specimen with bilateral prefabricated cracks. The evolution characteristics of the strain field in y-direction can reflect the strain localization area,and the positions of strain localization‘competition'and crack initiation. The evolution process of the characteristic variable of the strain field in y-direction is related to the change of the load over time,and the heterogeneity of the specimen results in continuous fluctuation of the characteristic variable,which can be used to distinguish homogeneity and heterogeneity specimens.
In order to investigate the evolution characteristics of relevant variable fields of uniform and non-uniform specimens under tensile loads,the correlation coefficient field of image gray,the strain field in y-direction and their characteristic variables of PMMA and mortar specimens with bilateral prefabricated cracks under tension loads were analyzed and compared using the digital speckle correlation method. The results show that there exist temporal and spatial corresponding relations between the surface characteristic variable and the localization of specimens. The evolution characteristics of the correlation coefficient field of the image gray can reflect the deformation localization area of the specimen,and the uniform and non-uniform deformation stages can be distinguished by the evolution of the characteristics variable of the correlation coefficient. In the non-uniform deformation stage where strain localization‘competes' intensely,the characteristics variable of the gray correlation coefficient of images fluctuates with time and increases sharply on the whole,which signifies the failure precursor of the specimen with bilateral prefabricated cracks. The evolution characteristics of the strain field in y-direction can reflect the strain localization area,and the positions of strain localization‘competition'and crack initiation. The evolution process of the characteristic variable of the strain field in y-direction is related to the change of the load over time,and the heterogeneity of the specimen results in continuous fluctuation of the characteristic variable,which can be used to distinguish homogeneity and heterogeneity specimens.
引文
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[14]邹飞,李海波,周青春,等.楔刀作用下含水平节理岩体的位移场特征及损伤演化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):982-990.(ZOU Fei,LI Haibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Variation of displacement field and damage evolution of rock with horizontal joint under wedge indenter[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):982-990.(in Chinese))
[15]马少鹏,金观昌,潘一山.岩石材料基于天然散斑场的变形观测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):792-796.(MA Shaopeng,JIN Guanchang,PAN Yishan.Deformation measurement method for rock materials based on natural speckle pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):792-796.(in Chinese))
[16]马少鹏.数字散斑相关方法在岩石破坏测量中的发展与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 410.(MA Shaopeng.Development and application of digital speckle correlation method of failure measurement for rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 410.(in Chinese))
[17]马少鹏,金观昌,潘一山.白光DSCM方法用于岩石变形观测的研究[J].实验力学,2002,17(1):10-16.(MA Shaopeng,JINGuanchang,PAN Yishan.Study on the white light DSCM for deformation measurement of rock materials[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2002,17(1):10-16.(in Chinese))
[18]马少鹏,金观昌,赵永红.数字散斑相关方法亚像素求解的一种混合方法[J].光学技术,2005,31(6):871-874.(MA Shaopeng,JINGuanchang,ZHAO Yonghong.A hybrid method for subpixel registration of digital speckle correlation method[J].Optical Technique,2005,31(6):871-874.(in Chinese))
[19]马少鹏,刘善军,赵永红.数字图像灰度相关性用以描述岩石试件损伤演化的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):590-595.(MA Shaopeng,LIU Shanjun,ZHAO Yonghong.Gray correlation of digital images from loaded rock specimen surface to evaluate its damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):590-595.(in Chinese))
[20]马少鹏,王来贵,赵永红.岩石圆孔结构破坏过程变形场演化的实验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1 082-1 086.(MA Shaopeng,WANG Laigui,ZHAO Yonghong.Experimental study on deformation field evolution during failure procedure of a rock borehole structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1 082-1 086.(in Chinese))
[21]马少鹏,周辉.岩石破坏过程中试件表面应变场演化特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 667-1 673.(MA Shaopeng,ZHOU Hui.Surface strain field evolution of rock specimen during failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 667-1 673.(in Chinese))
[22]陈俊达,马少鹏,刘善军,等.应用数字散斑相关方法实验研究雁列断层变形破坏过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(CHEN Junda,MA Shaopeng,LIU Shanjun,et al.An experimental study of the failure process of en-echelon fault structure using digital speckle correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(in Chinese))
[23]王春华,刘文武,代树红,等.截齿截割煤体变形破坏过程的散斑测试研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(6):864-868.(WANG Chunhua,LIU Wenwu,DAI Shuhong,et al.Study on deformation and destruction course of coal body under function of pick cutting with digital speckle correlation method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(6):864-868.(in Chinese))
[24]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增1):141-148.(CHEN Zhiqiang,ZHANG Yongxing,ZHOU Jianying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):141-148.(in Chinese))
[25]邹飞,李海波,周青春,等.基于数字图像灰度相关性的类岩石材料损伤分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(3):731-738.(ZOUFei,LI Haibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Fractal features study of rock-like material damage based on gray correlation of digital images[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(3):731-738.(in Chinese))
[26]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.岩石变形破坏的数字散斑相关方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):170-175.(SONGYimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigation on failure of rock by digital speckle correlation methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):170-175.(in Chinese))
[27]徐秉业.应用弹塑性力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995:1-60.(XU Bingye.Application of elastic-plastic stress[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1995:1-60.(in Chinese))
[2]柳赋铮.拉伸和拉剪状态下岩石力学性质的研究[J].长江科学院院报,1996,13(3):35-39.(LIU Fuzheng.Study on mechanical property of rock in tension and tension shear state[J].Journal of Yangtze Riverentific Research Institute,1996,13(3):35-39.(in Chinese))
[3]黄明利,唐春安.岩石单轴压缩下破坏失稳过程SEM即时研究[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,1999,20(4):426-429.(HUANGMingli,TANG Chun′an.Real time SEM study on rock failure instability under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,1999,20(4):426-429.(in Chinese))
[4]BRACE W,BOMBOLAKIS E.A note on brittle crack growth in compression[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68(12):3 709-3 713.
[5]HOEK E,BIENIAWSKI Z.Brittle fracture propagation in rock under compression[J].International Journal of Fracture,1965,1(3):137-155.
[6]BOBET A,EINSTEIN H.Fracture coalescence in rock-type materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):863-888.
[7]WONG L N Y,EINSTEIN H H.Coalescence behavior in Carrara marble and molded gypsum containing artificial flaw pairs under uniaxial compression[C]//Proceedings of the 1st Canada-US Rock Mechanics Symposium.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2007:581-589.
[8]李银平,杨春和.裂纹几何特征对压剪复合断裂的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):462-466.(LI Yinping,YANGChunhe.Influence of geometric characteristics of pre-existingcracks on mixed mode fractures under compression-shear loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):462-466.(in Chinese))
[9]刘世奇,李海波,李俊如,等.有侧向压力的岩石材料动态直接拉伸试验装置[J].岩土力学,2007,28(11):2 365-2 369.(LIU Shiqi,LI Haibo,LI Junru,et al.An equipment for dynamic direct tension tests of rock material under confining pressure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(11):2 365-2 369.(in Chinese))
[10]张绪涛,张强勇,袁圣渤,等.岩石轴向直接拉伸试验装置的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(12):2 517-2 523.(ZHANG Xutao,ZHANG Qiangyong,YUAN Shengbo,et al.Development of test device for direct axial tesion on rock and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(12):2 517-2 523.(in Chinese))
[11]CHU T,RANSON W,SUTTON M A.Applications of digital-imagecorrelation techniques to experimental mechanics[J].Experimental Mechanics,1985,25(3):232-244.
[12]MA S P,XU X H,ZHAO Y H.The GEO-DSCM system and its application to the deformation measurement of rock materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):292-297.
[13]王永红,梁恒,王硕,等.数字散斑相关方法及应用进展[J].中国光学,2013,6(4):470-480.(WANG Yonghong,LIANG Heng,WANG Shuo,et al.Advance in digital speckle correlation method and its applications[J].Chinese Optics,2013,6(4):470-480.(in Chinese))
[14]邹飞,李海波,周青春,等.楔刀作用下含水平节理岩体的位移场特征及损伤演化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):982-990.(ZOU Fei,LI Haibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Variation of displacement field and damage evolution of rock with horizontal joint under wedge indenter[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(5):982-990.(in Chinese))
[15]马少鹏,金观昌,潘一山.岩石材料基于天然散斑场的变形观测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):792-796.(MA Shaopeng,JIN Guanchang,PAN Yishan.Deformation measurement method for rock materials based on natural speckle pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):792-796.(in Chinese))
[16]马少鹏.数字散斑相关方法在岩石破坏测量中的发展与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 410.(MA Shaopeng.Development and application of digital speckle correlation method of failure measurement for rock materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 410.(in Chinese))
[17]马少鹏,金观昌,潘一山.白光DSCM方法用于岩石变形观测的研究[J].实验力学,2002,17(1):10-16.(MA Shaopeng,JINGuanchang,PAN Yishan.Study on the white light DSCM for deformation measurement of rock materials[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2002,17(1):10-16.(in Chinese))
[18]马少鹏,金观昌,赵永红.数字散斑相关方法亚像素求解的一种混合方法[J].光学技术,2005,31(6):871-874.(MA Shaopeng,JINGuanchang,ZHAO Yonghong.A hybrid method for subpixel registration of digital speckle correlation method[J].Optical Technique,2005,31(6):871-874.(in Chinese))
[19]马少鹏,刘善军,赵永红.数字图像灰度相关性用以描述岩石试件损伤演化的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):590-595.(MA Shaopeng,LIU Shanjun,ZHAO Yonghong.Gray correlation of digital images from loaded rock specimen surface to evaluate its damage evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):590-595.(in Chinese))
[20]马少鹏,王来贵,赵永红.岩石圆孔结构破坏过程变形场演化的实验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1 082-1 086.(MA Shaopeng,WANG Laigui,ZHAO Yonghong.Experimental study on deformation field evolution during failure procedure of a rock borehole structure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1 082-1 086.(in Chinese))
[21]马少鹏,周辉.岩石破坏过程中试件表面应变场演化特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1 667-1 673.(MA Shaopeng,ZHOU Hui.Surface strain field evolution of rock specimen during failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1 667-1 673.(in Chinese))
[22]陈俊达,马少鹏,刘善军,等.应用数字散斑相关方法实验研究雁列断层变形破坏过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(CHEN Junda,MA Shaopeng,LIU Shanjun,et al.An experimental study of the failure process of en-echelon fault structure using digital speckle correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(in Chinese))
[23]王春华,刘文武,代树红,等.截齿截割煤体变形破坏过程的散斑测试研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(6):864-868.(WANG Chunhua,LIU Wenwu,DAI Shuhong,et al.Study on deformation and destruction course of coal body under function of pick cutting with digital speckle correlation method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(6):864-868.(in Chinese))
[24]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增1):141-148.(CHEN Zhiqiang,ZHANG Yongxing,ZHOU Jianying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.1):141-148.(in Chinese))
[25]邹飞,李海波,周青春,等.基于数字图像灰度相关性的类岩石材料损伤分形特征研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(3):731-738.(ZOUFei,LI Haibo,ZHOU Qingchun,et al.Fractal features study of rock-like material damage based on gray correlation of digital images[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2012,33(3):731-738.(in Chinese))
[26]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.岩石变形破坏的数字散斑相关方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):170-175.(SONGYimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigation on failure of rock by digital speckle correlation methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):170-175.(in Chinese))
[27]徐秉业.应用弹塑性力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995:1-60.(XU Bingye.Application of elastic-plastic stress[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1995:1-60.(in Chinese))