浅层淹水条件下不同施肥处理对黑土温室气体排放的影响
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摘要
以东北黑土区长期耕作土壤为对象,通过室内培养试验研究了浅层淹水条件下不同施肥处理对黑土温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,浅层淹水条件下,与不施肥对照处理相比,单施氮肥处理对土壤CO_2排放没有显著影响,氮肥配施猪粪或者秸秆则显著促进了CO_2的排放,使得CO_2排放速率提高了一个数量级,氮肥配施秸秆处理的CO_2排放量最高.浅层淹水条件下,与不施肥对照处理相比,施用氮肥显著促进了土壤N_2O的排放.而与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥配施猪粪和秸秆则显著抑制了N_2O的排放,表现为土壤对N_2O的微量吸收,氮肥配施秸秆处理的N_2O吸收量相对较高.浅层淹水条件下施用氮肥抑制了土壤CH_4的排放,而与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥配施猪粪或者秸秆则促进了土壤CH_4的排放.
An incubation experiment was conducted under shallow flooding condition to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on greenhouse gas emissions from black soil. The results showed that application of N fertilizer exert no effect on CO_2 emission compared with the non-fertilizer control treatment under shallow flooding condition, while combined application of N fertilizer with straw or pig manure increased CO_2 emission to one magnitude that of solely application of N fertilizer, with the effect of treatment of N fertilizer with straw was more prominent. In comparison with the non-fertilizer control treatment under shallow flooding condition, application of N fertilizer significantly promoted the emission of N_2O, however, combined application of N fertilizer with pig manure or straw significantly inhibited N_2O emission and promoted slightly absorption of N_2O compared with the treatment of solely application of N fertilizer, with the effect of the treatment of N fertilizer with straw was more remarkable. Application of N fertilizer inhibited CH_4 emission under shallow flooding condition compared with the non-fertilizer control treatment, while combined application of N fertilizer with pig manure or straw significantly increased the emission of CH_4 in comparison with the sole N fertilizer treatment.
An incubation experiment was conducted under shallow flooding condition to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on greenhouse gas emissions from black soil. The results showed that application of N fertilizer exert no effect on CO_2 emission compared with the non-fertilizer control treatment under shallow flooding condition, while combined application of N fertilizer with straw or pig manure increased CO_2 emission to one magnitude that of solely application of N fertilizer, with the effect of treatment of N fertilizer with straw was more prominent. In comparison with the non-fertilizer control treatment under shallow flooding condition, application of N fertilizer significantly promoted the emission of N_2O, however, combined application of N fertilizer with pig manure or straw significantly inhibited N_2O emission and promoted slightly absorption of N_2O compared with the treatment of solely application of N fertilizer, with the effect of the treatment of N fertilizer with straw was more remarkable. Application of N fertilizer inhibited CH_4 emission under shallow flooding condition compared with the non-fertilizer control treatment, while combined application of N fertilizer with pig manure or straw significantly increased the emission of CH_4 in comparison with the sole N fertilizer treatment.
引文
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[5]Lenka N K,Lal R.Soil aggregation and greenhouse gas flux after15years of wheat straw and fertilizer management in a no-till system[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2013,126:78-89.
[6]Taxidis E T,Menexes G C,Mamolos,A P,et al.Comparing organic and conventional olive groves relative to energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of two varieties[J].Applied Energy,2015,149(1):117-124.
[7]Kallenbach C,Rolston D E,Horwath W R.Cover cropping affects soil N2O and CO2 emissions differently depending on type of irrigation[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2012,137:251-260.
[8]Zhang J J,Li Y F,Chang S X,et al.Understory management and fertilization affected soil greenhouse gas emissions and labile organic carbon pools in a Chinese chestnut plantation[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,337:126-134.
[9]焦晓光,隋跃宇,魏丹.长期施肥对薄层黑土酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011,1:6-9.Jiao X G,Sui Y Y,Wei D.Effect of long-term fertilization on enzyme activities and soil fertility in the black thin-layer soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2011,1:6-9.
[10]杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(7):690-692.Yang Q L,Sang L M,Sun J R,et al.Current situation of fertilizer use in China and the method to improve chemical fertilizer utilization efficiency[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(7):690-692.
[11]熊正琴,邢光熹,鹤田治雄,等.豆科绿肥和化肥氮对双季稻稻田氧化亚氮排放贡献的研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(5):703-710.Xiong Z Q,Xing G X,Tsuruta H,et al.Nitrous oxide emissions from paddy soils as affected by incorporation of leguminous green manure and fertilization during double-cropping rice-growing season[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(5):703-710.
[12]候晓莉,李玉娥,万运帆,等.不同稻秆处理方式下双季稻温室气体排放通量研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):803-809.Hou X L,Li Y E,Wan Y F,et al.Greenhouse gases emission from paddy fields under different rice straw treatments[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):803-809.
[13]张蛟蛟,李永夫,姜培坤,等.施肥对板栗林土壤活性碳库和温室气体排放的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):745-752.Zhang J J,Li Y F,Jiang P K,et al.Effect of fertilization on labile carbon pools and emissions of greenhouse gas in soils of Chinese chestnut stands[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(3):745-752.
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[15]郝小雨,周宝库,马星竹,等.氮肥管理措施对黑土玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3227-3238.Hao X Y,Zhou B K,Ma X Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on greenhouse gas emissions from maize field in black soil[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3227-3238.
[16]Liu X B,Zang S L,Zhang X Y,et al.Soil erosion control practices in Northeast China:A mini-review[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2011,117:44-48.
[17]包振宗,候艳艳,朱新萍,等.干湿交替和模拟氮沉降对巴音布鲁克高寒湿地土壤CO2排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(3):598-604.Bao Z Z,Hou Y Y,Zhu X P,et al.Effect of alternating wetting and drying and simulated nitrogen deposition on soil CO2 emission in alpine wetlands of Bayinbulak[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(3):598-604.
[18]王聪,沈健林,郑亮,等.猪粪化肥配施对双季稻田CH4和N2O排放及其全球增温潜势的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):3120-3127.Wang C,Shen J L,Zheng L,et al.Effects of combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on CH4 and N2O emissions and their global warming potentials in paddy fields with double-rice cropping[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(8):3120-3127.
[19]Burford J R,Bremner J M.Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total water soluble and readily decomposable soil organic matter[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1975,7:389-394.
[20]Kim D G,Mu S G,Kang S,et al.Factors controlling soil CO2 effluxes and the effects of rewetting on effluxes in adjacent deciduous,coniferous,and mixed forests in Korea[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(4):576-585.
[21]唐国勇,童成立,苏以荣,等.含水量对14C标记秸秆和土壤原有有机碳矿化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(3):538-543.Tang G Y,Tong C L,Su Y R,et al.Effects of soil moisture content on the mineralization of added 14C-Labbelled straw and native soil organic carbon in upland soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(3):538-543.
[22]刘学玲,黄懿梅,姜继韶,等.微生物生理群在猪粪秸秆高温堆肥碳氮转化中的作用[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(5):1713-1720.Liu X L,Huang Y M,Jiang J S,et al.Function of microbial physiological group in carbon and nitrogen transformation during a swine manure-straw compost[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(5):1713-1720.
[23]Chen L,Zhang J B,Zhao B Z,et al.Carbon mineralization and microbial attributes in straw-amended soils as affected by moisture levels[J].Pedosphere,2014,24:167-177.
[24]Badía D,MartíC,Aguirre A J.Straw management effects on CO2efflux and C storage in different Mediterranean agricultural soils[J].Science of The Total Environment,2013,465:233-239.
[25]Wang W,Lai D Y F,Wang C.et al.Effects of rice straw incorporation on active soil organic carbon pools in a subtropical paddy field[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,152:8-16.
[26]戴万宏,刘军,王益权,等.不同培肥措施下土壤CO2释放及其动力学研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(3):292-297.Dai W H,Liu J,Wang Y Q,et al.Study on CO2-emissions and its kinetics of soils with different fertilization systems[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,8(3):292-297.
[27]Li H L,Han Y,Cai Z C.Nitrogen mineralization in paddy soils of the Taihu region of China under anaerobic conditions:dynamics and model fitting[J].Geoderma,2003,115(3/4):161-175.
[28]郎漫,李平,李淼,等.浅层淹水条件下不同施肥处理对黑土氮素净转化的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018,2:42-48,126.Lang M,Li P,Li M,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatment on net nitrogen transformation in black soil under shallow flooding condition[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018,2:42-48,126.
[29]Sander B O,Samson M,Buresh R J.Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from flooded rice fields as affected by water and straw management between rice crops[J].Geoderma,2014,235-236:355-362.
[30]王改玲,郝明德,陈德立.秸秆还田对灌溉玉米田土壤反硝化及N2O排放的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(6):840-844.Wang G L,Hao M D,Chen D L.Effect of stubble incorporation and nitrogen fertilization on denitrification and nitrous oxide emission in an irrigated maize soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2006,12(6):840-844.
[31]李平,郎漫,李淼,等.不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2360-2367.Li P,Lang M,Li M,et al.Short-term effects of different fertilization treatments on greenhouse gas emissions from northeast black soil[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2360-2367.
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