新疆博尔塔拉-精河流域植被净初级生产力变化及其与主要气候因子的关系
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摘要
为揭示新疆博尔塔拉-精河流域植被净初级生产力(NPP)的变化特征及其对气候变化的响应,基于MOD17A3遥感数据对2000年至2015年该地区植被NPP值的时空变化进行了分析,并对植被NPP值与主要气候因子(年均温和年均降水量)的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:在2000年至2015年,林地、耕地、灌木地和草地4种地表覆盖类型植被NPP值的平均值分别为321.1、254.1、190.3和131.7 g·m~(-2),整个研究区植被NPP值的平均值为0.0～393.7 g·m~(-2),其空间分布呈现中间高、四周低的特征;57.22%区域的植被NPP值增加,19.90%区域的植被NPP值减少,22.88%区域的植被NPP值保持不变。相关性分析结果表明:53.45%区域的植被NPP值与年均温呈负相关,23.67%区域的植被NPP值与年均温呈正相关;41.65%区域的植被NPP值与年均降水量呈正相关,35.47%区域的植被NPP值与年均降水量呈负相关。值得注意的是,9.95%区域的植被NPP值与年均降水量呈显著正相关,且这些区域均为博尔塔拉河上游和中游两侧山地的草地。研究结果显示:在2000年至2015年,新疆博尔塔拉-精河流域的植被NPP值总体呈上升趋势;年均温和年均降水量对该区域植被生长有一定影响,并且年均降水量对博尔塔拉河上游和中游两侧山地的草地植被NPP值的影响最显著。
In order to reveal variation characteristics of vegetation net primary productivity(NPP) in Bortala-Jinghe River Basin of Xinjiang and its response to climate change, temporal and spatial variations of vegetation NPP value in this area from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed based on MOD17 A3 remote sensing data, and the correlation between vegetation NPP value and main climatic factors of annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation was analyzed. The results show that from 2000 to 2015, the means of vegetation NPP values of four kinds of land cover types of forest land, cultivated land, shrub land, and grassland are 321.1, 254.1, 190.3, and 131.7 g·m~(-2), respectively, while the mean of vegetation NPP value of the whole research area is 0.0-393.7 g·m~(-2), and its spatial distribution shows a pattern of high in center and low in around; vegetation NPP value of 57.22% of the area increases, that of 19.90% of the area decreases, while that of 22.88% of the area remains unchanged. The correlation analysis result shows that vegetation NPP value of 53.45% of the area shows a negative correlation with annual mean temperature, while that of 23.67% of the area shows a positive correlation with annual mean temperature; vegetation NPP value of 41.65% of the area shows a positive correlation with annual mean precipitation, while that of 35.47% of the area shows a negative correlation with annual mean precipitation. Notably, vegetation NPP value of 9.95% of the area shows a significantly positive correlation with annual mean precipitation, and these areas are all grasslands in mountainous area on both sides of the upper and middle stream of Bortala River. It is suggested that from 2000 to 2015, vegetation NPP value in Bortala-Jinghe River Basin of Xinjiang shows a tendency to increase in total; annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation have a certain effect on growth of vegetation in this area, and annual mean precipitation has the most significant effect on vegetation NPP value of grasslands in mountainous area on both sides of the upper and middle streams of Bortala River.
In order to reveal variation characteristics of vegetation net primary productivity(NPP) in Bortala-Jinghe River Basin of Xinjiang and its response to climate change, temporal and spatial variations of vegetation NPP value in this area from 2000 to 2015 were analyzed based on MOD17 A3 remote sensing data, and the correlation between vegetation NPP value and main climatic factors of annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation was analyzed. The results show that from 2000 to 2015, the means of vegetation NPP values of four kinds of land cover types of forest land, cultivated land, shrub land, and grassland are 321.1, 254.1, 190.3, and 131.7 g·m~(-2), respectively, while the mean of vegetation NPP value of the whole research area is 0.0-393.7 g·m~(-2), and its spatial distribution shows a pattern of high in center and low in around; vegetation NPP value of 57.22% of the area increases, that of 19.90% of the area decreases, while that of 22.88% of the area remains unchanged. The correlation analysis result shows that vegetation NPP value of 53.45% of the area shows a negative correlation with annual mean temperature, while that of 23.67% of the area shows a positive correlation with annual mean temperature; vegetation NPP value of 41.65% of the area shows a positive correlation with annual mean precipitation, while that of 35.47% of the area shows a negative correlation with annual mean precipitation. Notably, vegetation NPP value of 9.95% of the area shows a significantly positive correlation with annual mean precipitation, and these areas are all grasslands in mountainous area on both sides of the upper and middle stream of Bortala River. It is suggested that from 2000 to 2015, vegetation NPP value in Bortala-Jinghe River Basin of Xinjiang shows a tendency to increase in total; annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation have a certain effect on growth of vegetation in this area, and annual mean precipitation has the most significant effect on vegetation NPP value of grasslands in mountainous area on both sides of the upper and middle streams of Bortala River.
引文
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[13] 王合玲, 张辉国, 秦璐, 等. 新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(16): 4969-4980.
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[17] 任建丽, 金海龙, 叶茂, 等. 基于PSR模型对艾比湖流域生态系统健康评价研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(2): 37-41.
[18] 潘竟虎, 李真. 2001—2012年西北干旱区植被净初级生产力时空变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(12): 3333-3340.
[19] 杨红飞, 刚成诚, 穆少杰, 等. 近10年新疆草地生态系统净初级生产力及其时空格局变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.
[20] 李晓荣, 高会, 韩立朴, 等. 太行山区植被NPP时空变化特征及其驱动力分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 498-508.
[21] 穆少杰, 李建龙, 周伟, 等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(12): 3752-3764.
[22] 高原. 基于遥感的新疆NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素分析[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 2015: 36-40.
[23] 李军媛, 徐维新, 程志刚, 等. 1982—2006年中国半干旱、干旱区气候与植被覆盖的时空变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(2): 268-272.
[24] 陈雅敏, 张韦倩, 杨天翔, 等. 中国不同植被类型净初级生产力变化特征[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2012, 51(3): 377-381.
[25] NEMANI R R, KEELING C D, HASHIMOTO H, et al. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999[J]. Science, 2003, 300(5625): 1560-1563.
[26] MELILLO J M, MCGUIRE A D, KICKLIGHTER D W, et al. Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production[J]. Nature, 1993, 363(6426): 234-240.
[27] ZHANG H, GAO S, ZHENG Q. Responses of NPP of salinized meadows to global change in hyperarid regions[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2002, 50(3): 489-498.
[28] 甘艳露, 李宏, 马勇刚, 等. 近50年新疆北疆地区气候变化趋势分析研究[J]. 云南地理环境研究, 2012, 24(6): 80-86.
[29] 王璐, 丁建丽. 艾比湖保护区荒漠植被时空过程变化及其植被指数影响因素分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 4-11.
[30] 蒋高明. 陆地生态系统净第一性生产力对全球变化的响应[J]. 植物资源与环境, 1995, 4(4): 53-59.
[2] 朴世龙, 方精云, 郭庆华. 利用CASA模型估算我国植被净第一性生产力[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001, 25(5): 603-608.
[3] 张燕, 尹立河, 胡伏生, 等. 毛乌素沙地海流兔河流域植被净初级生产力估算[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2017, 26(3): 84-91.
[4] 郭晓寅, 何勇, 沈永平, 等. 基于MODIS资料的2000—2004年江河源区陆地植被净初级生产力分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2006, 28(4): 512-518.
[5] 王新闯, 王世东, 张合兵. 基于MOD17A3的河南省NPP时空格局[J]. 生态学杂志, 2013, 32(10): 2797-2805.
[6] 李剑萍, 曹宁, 桑建人, 等. 宁夏生物质能的遥感估算[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2011, 39(25): 15593-15596.
[7] SCHUT A G T, IVITS E, CONIJN J G, et al. Trends in global vegetation activity and climatic drivers indicate a decoupled response to climate change[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(10): e0138013.
[8] 相恒星, 王兴, 张晶, 等. 基于MOD17A3的图们江流域植被NPP时空变化特征[J]. 河南科学, 2017, 35(7): 1125-1131.
[9] 成方妍, 刘世梁, 张月秋, 等. 基于MODIS序列的北京市土地利用变化对净初级生产力的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(18): 5924-5934.
[10] 李登科, 范建忠, 王娟. 基于MOD17A3的陕西省植被NPP变化特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2776-2782.
[11] 王琳, 景元书, 李琨. 江苏省植被NPP时空特征及气候因素的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(11): 2529-2533.
[12] 毋兆鹏, 胡江玲, 陈学刚. 博尔塔拉河、精河流域绿洲植被盖度变化的自然及人文耦合分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(7): 127-133.
[13] 王合玲, 张辉国, 秦璐, 等. 新疆艾比湖流域土壤有机质的空间分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(16): 4969-4980.
[14] 高建芳, 章曙明, 李新贤. 艾比湖流域水资源可利用量分析[J]. 水文, 2004, 24(5): 32-36.
[15] 李艳红, 楚新正, 金海龙. 新疆艾比湖流域水文特征分析[J]. 水文, 2006, 26(5): 68-71.
[16] 格丽玛, 何清, 冷中笑, 等. 新疆艾比湖流域近40年来气候变化特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2007, 21(1): 54-58.
[17] 任建丽, 金海龙, 叶茂, 等. 基于PSR模型对艾比湖流域生态系统健康评价研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(2): 37-41.
[18] 潘竟虎, 李真. 2001—2012年西北干旱区植被净初级生产力时空变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015, 34(12): 3333-3340.
[19] 杨红飞, 刚成诚, 穆少杰, 等. 近10年新疆草地生态系统净初级生产力及其时空格局变化研究[J]. 草业学报, 2014, 23(3): 39-50.
[20] 李晓荣, 高会, 韩立朴, 等. 太行山区植被NPP时空变化特征及其驱动力分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 498-508.
[21] 穆少杰, 李建龙, 周伟, 等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被净初级生产力的时空格局及其与气候的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(12): 3752-3764.
[22] 高原. 基于遥感的新疆NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素分析[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 2015: 36-40.
[23] 李军媛, 徐维新, 程志刚, 等. 1982—2006年中国半干旱、干旱区气候与植被覆盖的时空变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2012, 21(2): 268-272.
[24] 陈雅敏, 张韦倩, 杨天翔, 等. 中国不同植被类型净初级生产力变化特征[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2012, 51(3): 377-381.
[25] NEMANI R R, KEELING C D, HASHIMOTO H, et al. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999[J]. Science, 2003, 300(5625): 1560-1563.
[26] MELILLO J M, MCGUIRE A D, KICKLIGHTER D W, et al. Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production[J]. Nature, 1993, 363(6426): 234-240.
[27] ZHANG H, GAO S, ZHENG Q. Responses of NPP of salinized meadows to global change in hyperarid regions[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2002, 50(3): 489-498.
[28] 甘艳露, 李宏, 马勇刚, 等. 近50年新疆北疆地区气候变化趋势分析研究[J]. 云南地理环境研究, 2012, 24(6): 80-86.
[29] 王璐, 丁建丽. 艾比湖保护区荒漠植被时空过程变化及其植被指数影响因素分析[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(5): 4-11.
[30] 蒋高明. 陆地生态系统净第一性生产力对全球变化的响应[J]. 植物资源与环境, 1995, 4(4): 53-59.
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