高速列车车轴材料的低温高周疲劳性能
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摘要
现行高铁车轴的设计标准是基于高周疲劳"安全寿命"设计方法,但并未考虑低温服役环境下车轴材料的高周疲劳行为。本文采用低温旋转弯曲疲劳试验机,测试了进口EA4T车轴钢的室温和低温高周疲劳性能以及国产DZ2车轴钢的低温高周疲劳性能,绘制了其疲劳S-N曲线和P-S-N曲线。结果表明:EA4T车轴钢低温高周疲劳性能优于室温高周疲劳性能,DZ2车轴钢与进口EA4T车轴钢的低温高周疲劳性能相近;疲劳裂纹均起源于表面,裂纹穿晶扩展。
The current design standard of high speed axle is based on high cycle fatigue "safe life" methodology, but does not consider the high cycle fatigue behavior of axle materials under low temperature service environment. In this paper, the high cycle fatigue properties of import axle steel EA4 T at room temperature and at low temperature and the high cycle fatigue properties of domestic axle steel DZ2 at low temperature were tested by using a low temperature rotating bending fatigue machine, and the fatigue stress-life curves and probabilistic stress life curves were obtained. The results show that the high cycle fatigue property of the axle steel EA4 T at low temperature is better than that of at room temperature, and the high cycle fatigue properties of the axle steel DZ2 is similar to that of the axle steel EA4 T at low temperature. The fatigue cracks initiate on the surface and the propagating path of cracks are transgranular.
The current design standard of high speed axle is based on high cycle fatigue "safe life" methodology, but does not consider the high cycle fatigue behavior of axle materials under low temperature service environment. In this paper, the high cycle fatigue properties of import axle steel EA4 T at room temperature and at low temperature and the high cycle fatigue properties of domestic axle steel DZ2 at low temperature were tested by using a low temperature rotating bending fatigue machine, and the fatigue stress-life curves and probabilistic stress life curves were obtained. The results show that the high cycle fatigue property of the axle steel EA4 T at low temperature is better than that of at room temperature, and the high cycle fatigue properties of the axle steel DZ2 is similar to that of the axle steel EA4 T at low temperature. The fatigue cracks initiate on the surface and the propagating path of cracks are transgranular.
引文
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[13] 王元清,廖小伟,贾单锋,等.钢结构的低温疲劳性能研究进展综述[J].建筑钢结构进展,2018,20(1):1-11.WANG Yuan-qing,LIAO Xiao-wei,JIA Dan-feng.Overview of research progress for the low-temperature fatigue performance of steel sturctures[J].Progress in Steel Building,2018,20(1):1-11.
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[2] European Union Agency for Railways.Railway safety performance in the European Union 2012[R].Valenciences:European Union Agency for Railways,2012.
[3] European Union Agency for Railways.Railway safety performance in the European Union.2014[R].Valenciences:European Union Agency for Railways,2014.
[4] European Union Agency for Railways.Railway safety performance in the European Union 2016[R].Valenciences:European Union Agency for Railways,2016.
[5] Zerbst U,Beretta S,K?hler G,et al.Safe life and damage tolerance aspects of railway axles-Areview[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2013,98(1):214-271.
[6] BS EN 13104:2009 Railway applications-Wheelsets and bogies.Powered axles-Design method[S].British:British Standards Institution,2009.
[7] 吴毅,赵雷.中国标准动车组车轴研制与应用[J].铁道车辆,2017,55(12):26-30+56.WU Yi,ZHAO Lei.The axle development and application of China standard EMU train[J].Rolling Stock,2017,55(12):26-30+56.
[8] 吴毅.动车组车轴的国产化试验研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2016,36(5):7-11.WU Yi.Experimental study on the localization of EMU axle[J].Railway Locomotive and Car,2016. 36(5):7-11.
[9] 刘会英,张澎湃,米彩盈.铁道车辆车轴强度设计方法[C]//快速重载车辆转向架与轮轴学术研讨会论文汇编,中国湖北赤壁:中国铁道学会车辆委员会,2008:138-152.
[10] 郑修麟,王泓,鄢君辉,等.材料疲劳理论与工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[11] 张玉玲,潘际炎.低温对钢材及其构件性能影响研究综述[J].中国铁道科学,2003,24(2):89-96.ZHANG Yu-ling,PAN Ji-yan.Study on performance of steel and the components under low temperature[J].Railway Science,2003,24(2):89-96.
[12] Stephens R I,Chung J H,Glinka G.Low temperature fatigue behavior of steels-a review[C]//Proceedings od 39th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference.1979.
[13] 王元清,廖小伟,贾单锋,等.钢结构的低温疲劳性能研究进展综述[J].建筑钢结构进展,2018,20(1):1-11.WANG Yuan-qing,LIAO Xiao-wei,JIA Dan-feng.Overview of research progress for the low-temperature fatigue performance of steel sturctures[J].Progress in Steel Building,2018,20(1):1-11.
[14] 高镇同,熊峻江.疲劳可靠性[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[15] Ostash O P,Zhmur-Klimenko V T.Fatigue crack growth in metals at low temperatures (a review)[J].Soviet Materials Science:a transl.of Fiziko-khimicheskaya mekhanika materialov/Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR,1987,23(2):124-135.