饲粮锰添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质、血清生殖激素和抗氧化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮锰添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质、血清生殖激素和抗氧化指标的影响。选用34周龄体况相近的种鹅120只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只(1公4母)。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(锰含量36.40 mg/kg);试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅵ组)分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加20、40、60、80、100 mg/kg锰的试验饲粮。试验期10周。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组产蛋率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组种蛋合格率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组种蛋受精率和种蛋孵化率显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组健雏率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)Ⅲ组蛋壳强度显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ组蛋壳厚度显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总抗氧化能力显著高于Ⅵ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清丙二醛含量显著或极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。4)Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血清促卵泡素含量显著高于Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。5)以种蛋合格率、种蛋受精率和健雏率为指标,通过二次曲线模型的回归方程得出,饲粮锰添加水平为32. 91 mg/kg时种蛋合格率最高,饲粮锰添加水平为38.28 mg/kg时种蛋受精率最高,饲粮锰添加水平为24.27 mg/kg时健雏率最高。由此可见,饲粮中添加适宜水平锰能提高产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、血清总抗氧化能力和促卵泡素含量,降低血清丙二醛含量。建议产蛋期种鹅饲粮锰添加水平为24.27～32.91 mg/kg(饲粮中锰含量为60.67～69.31 mg/kg)。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary manganese supplemental level on reproductive performance,egg quality,serum reproductive hormone and antioxidant indices of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male and 4 female).Geese in the group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( manganese content was 36.40 mg/kg),and the others in the experimental groups( groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ) were fed basal diets supplemented with 20,40,60,80,100 mg/kg manganese,respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1)the laying rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0. 05 or P <0.01),the hatching egg qualified rate of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅴand Ⅵ( P<0.05),the hatching egg fertilization rate and hatching egg hatching rate of group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the healthy rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅳ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). 2) The eggshell strength of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the eggshell thickness of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). 3) The serum total antioxidant capacity of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P<0.05),and the serum malondialdehyde content of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4) The serum follicle stimulating hormone content of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P<0.05). 5) Using the hatching egg qualified rate,hatching egg fertilization rate and healthy rate as indices,according to the regression equation of the quadratic curve model,the hatching egg qualified rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 32.91 mg/kg,the hatching egg fertilization rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 38.28 mg/kg,and the healthy rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 24.27 mg/kg. In conclusion,dietary suitable manganese supplemental level can improve the reproductive performance,eggshell thickness,eggshell strength,serum total antioxidant capacity and follicle stimulating hormone content of breeding geese during laying period,decrease the serum malondialdehyde content. It is suggested that the dietary manganese supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 24. 27 to 32. 91 mg/kg( dietary manganese content is 60. 67 to69.31 mg/kg).[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3095-3102]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary manganese supplemental level on reproductive performance,egg quality,serum reproductive hormone and antioxidant indices of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male and 4 female).Geese in the group Ⅰ( control group) were fed a basal diet( manganese content was 36.40 mg/kg),and the others in the experimental groups( groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ) were fed basal diets supplemented with 20,40,60,80,100 mg/kg manganese,respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1)the laying rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0. 05 or P <0.01),the hatching egg qualified rate of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅴand Ⅵ( P<0.05),the hatching egg fertilization rate and hatching egg hatching rate of group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the healthy rate of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅳ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). 2) The eggshell strength of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the eggshell thickness of group Ⅲwas significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ Ⅴ and Ⅵ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). 3) The serum total antioxidant capacity of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P<0.05),and the serum malondialdehyde content of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 4) The serum follicle stimulating hormone content of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P<0.05). 5) Using the hatching egg qualified rate,hatching egg fertilization rate and healthy rate as indices,according to the regression equation of the quadratic curve model,the hatching egg qualified rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 32.91 mg/kg,the hatching egg fertilization rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 38.28 mg/kg,and the healthy rate got the highest when dietary manganese supplemental level was 24.27 mg/kg. In conclusion,dietary suitable manganese supplemental level can improve the reproductive performance,eggshell thickness,eggshell strength,serum total antioxidant capacity and follicle stimulating hormone content of breeding geese during laying period,decrease the serum malondialdehyde content. It is suggested that the dietary manganese supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 24. 27 to 32. 91 mg/kg( dietary manganese content is 60. 67 to69.31 mg/kg).[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3095-3102]
引文
[1]王夕国,李光玉,钟伟,等.锰的生物学功能及在畜禽中的研究进展[J].经济动物学报,2011,15(4):216-220,224.
[2]吴爱芝,王晓琴,卢文彪,等.生物体系中含锰金属酶模型配合物的结构研究进展[J].广州化学,2005,30(2):57-61.
[3] MALECKI E A,HUTTNER D L,GREGER J L.Manganese status,gut endogenous losses of manganese,and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats fed varying levels of manganese and fat[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,1994,42(1):17-29.
[4] GUARNER F,MALAGELADA J R. Gut flora in health and disease[J].The Lancet,2003,361(9356):512-519.
[5]张雪君,王宝维,葛文华,等.锰对5~16周龄五龙鹅血清生化指标、组织锰沉积量、抗氧化能力及胫骨发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1287-1293.
[6]任民,王宝维,葛文华,等.不同锰水平饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对12~16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3549-3556.
[7]袁建敏,呙于明,吴四朝.日粮锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36(1):14-16.
[8]郝洋洋,张修修,王玉,等.有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4931-4938.
[9] TUORMAA T E. The adverse effects of manganese deficiency on reproduction and health:a literature review[J]. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine,1996,11(2):69-79.
[10]孔兰先,刘立国,于振梅,等.鸡锰缺乏症的诊疗[J].中国兽医杂志,2003,39(10):53.
[11] OFFIONG S A,ABED S M.Fertility,hatghability and malformations in guinea fowl embryos as affected by dietary manganese[J]. British Poultry Science,1980,21(5):371-375.
[12] COOPER D M,CHUBB L G,ROWELL J G. The effect of manganese on reproduction in the domestic fowl[J].British Poultry Science,1963,4(1):83-90.
[13]梁远东,覃小荣,梁世忠.羟基蛋氨酸锌和锰对三黄鸡繁殖性能及蛋黄锌含量的影响[J].饲料博览,2006(7):1-3.
[14]曹阳,丛玉艳.锰对畜禽繁殖性能影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(6):239-242.
[15]赵斌亮.多种维生素和微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[16]郝洋洋,张修修,王玉,等.有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4931-4938.
[17] GHEISARI A A,SANEI A,SAMIE A,et al.Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of manganese,zinc,and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,2011,142(3):557-571.
[18]刘汉林,吴维辉,韩友文,等.家禽锰营养研究—Ⅰ.蛋鸡锰营养对蛋质、孵化率的影响[J].东北农学院学报,1993,24(3):268-275.
[19]彭秀丽,邓干臻,赵辉.日粮钙、锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22(3):311-314.
[20]周旻瑶,苗丽萍,齐明星,等.饲粮添加蛋氨酸锰对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2920-2926.
[21] LEE MH,HYUN D H,MARSHALL K A,et al.Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on cellular oxidative damage,nitric oxide production,antioxidant defenses,and the proteasome[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2001,31(12):1550-1559.
[22]庄怀飞,侯明海,李彦芹,等.不同铜、锰水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清抗氧化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(4):1-5.
[23]马娅娅,SIDOEUN B,刘丹,等.不同水平有机锰(明微矿锰)对肉鸡生长、免疫力和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(13):18-22.
[24]冯健,冯泽光.锰缺乏对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(6):499-505.
[25]曹盛丰,陈鹭江.锰对白耳鸡血浆LH雌激素孕酮含量的影响[J].上海农学院学报,1987,5(2):109-116.
[26] XIE J J,TIAN C H,ZHU Y W,et al.Effects of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-Ⅰand follicle-stimulating hormone expression and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens[J]. Poultry Science,2014,93(4):959-969.
[27]曹阳.日粮锰水平对辽宁绒山羊母羊血液繁殖指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(3):18-22.
[2]吴爱芝,王晓琴,卢文彪,等.生物体系中含锰金属酶模型配合物的结构研究进展[J].广州化学,2005,30(2):57-61.
[3] MALECKI E A,HUTTNER D L,GREGER J L.Manganese status,gut endogenous losses of manganese,and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats fed varying levels of manganese and fat[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,1994,42(1):17-29.
[4] GUARNER F,MALAGELADA J R. Gut flora in health and disease[J].The Lancet,2003,361(9356):512-519.
[5]张雪君,王宝维,葛文华,等.锰对5~16周龄五龙鹅血清生化指标、组织锰沉积量、抗氧化能力及胫骨发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(5):1287-1293.
[6]任民,王宝维,葛文华,等.不同锰水平饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对12~16周龄五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、抗氧化能力及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(11):3549-3556.
[7]袁建敏,呙于明,吴四朝.日粮锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000,36(1):14-16.
[8]郝洋洋,张修修,王玉,等.有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4931-4938.
[9] TUORMAA T E. The adverse effects of manganese deficiency on reproduction and health:a literature review[J]. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine,1996,11(2):69-79.
[10]孔兰先,刘立国,于振梅,等.鸡锰缺乏症的诊疗[J].中国兽医杂志,2003,39(10):53.
[11] OFFIONG S A,ABED S M.Fertility,hatghability and malformations in guinea fowl embryos as affected by dietary manganese[J]. British Poultry Science,1980,21(5):371-375.
[12] COOPER D M,CHUBB L G,ROWELL J G. The effect of manganese on reproduction in the domestic fowl[J].British Poultry Science,1963,4(1):83-90.
[13]梁远东,覃小荣,梁世忠.羟基蛋氨酸锌和锰对三黄鸡繁殖性能及蛋黄锌含量的影响[J].饲料博览,2006(7):1-3.
[14]曹阳,丛玉艳.锰对畜禽繁殖性能影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(6):239-242.
[15]赵斌亮.多种维生素和微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳质量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[16]郝洋洋,张修修,王玉,等.有机锌和有机锰对蛋种母鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(12):4931-4938.
[17] GHEISARI A A,SANEI A,SAMIE A,et al.Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of manganese,zinc,and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,2011,142(3):557-571.
[18]刘汉林,吴维辉,韩友文,等.家禽锰营养研究—Ⅰ.蛋鸡锰营养对蛋质、孵化率的影响[J].东北农学院学报,1993,24(3):268-275.
[19]彭秀丽,邓干臻,赵辉.日粮钙、锰水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2002,22(3):311-314.
[20]周旻瑶,苗丽萍,齐明星,等.饲粮添加蛋氨酸锰对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2920-2926.
[21] LEE MH,HYUN D H,MARSHALL K A,et al.Effect of overexpression of Bcl-2 on cellular oxidative damage,nitric oxide production,antioxidant defenses,and the proteasome[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine,2001,31(12):1550-1559.
[22]庄怀飞,侯明海,李彦芹,等.不同铜、锰水平对荷斯坦种公牛血清抗氧化指标的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(4):1-5.
[23]马娅娅,SIDOEUN B,刘丹,等.不同水平有机锰(明微矿锰)对肉鸡生长、免疫力和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(13):18-22.
[24]冯健,冯泽光.锰缺乏对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(6):499-505.
[25]曹盛丰,陈鹭江.锰对白耳鸡血浆LH雌激素孕酮含量的影响[J].上海农学院学报,1987,5(2):109-116.
[26] XIE J J,TIAN C H,ZHU Y W,et al.Effects of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on gonadotropin-releasing hormone-Ⅰand follicle-stimulating hormone expression and reproductive performance of broiler breeder hens[J]. Poultry Science,2014,93(4):959-969.
[27]曹阳.日粮锰水平对辽宁绒山羊母羊血液繁殖指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(3):18-22.