中国小菜蛾群体遗传变异的时空动态
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摘要
【目的】小菜蛾Plutella xylostella是十字花科蔬菜最重要的迁移性害虫之一,在中国越冬区(OR)的群体和季节性繁殖区(SBR)的群体之间具有"源-汇"关系和复合群体的特征。本研究旨在揭示中国小菜蛾群体遗传变异的时空动态,以期进一步阐明该虫的迁移特性及其对区域灾变的影响。【方法】基于已经发表的4组不同采样时间中国小菜蛾COI序列(共1 567条)数据,将每个数据集细分为3组:OR群体、SBR群体以及特定采样时间(ST)的群体。对不同组(群体)进行遗传多样性、遗传分化、单倍型相似性和群体演化史的分析。【结果】基于COI序列的小菜蛾群体遗传变异分析结果表明,同一采样时间内,OR群体和SBR群体遗传多样性水平相当。虽然SBR群体在单倍型频率上不稳定,导致包含SBR的群体间遗传分化较大,但SBR群体单倍型均能够在同一采样时间的OR群体中找到,或SBR单倍型仅与OR单倍型相差2个碱基以内;SBR群体中单倍型频率在不同年份间变化大,遗传分化最大,而ST群体之间遗传分化的变异水平最低。不同采样时间样品COI序列的碱基错配分布图呈现相同的单峰状,且不同采样时间样本主要是由几种相同的单倍型构成。【结论】这些结果表明:迁移是影响中国季节性繁殖区小菜蛾群体遗传变异的主要因素;中国不同区域的小菜蛾群体遗传变异在时间尺度上具有稳定性和相关性。小菜蛾复合群体特征为阐明其季节性迁移特性提供了重要的生态学依据。
【Aim】 The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is one of the most important dispersal pests of cruciferous vegetables worldwide, and it is featured by the interrelated metapopulations of "source-sink" between overwintering regions(OR) and seasonally breeding regions(SBR) in China. This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of genetic variation in P. xylostella populations in China and to further uncover the effect of dispersal behavior on its regional outbreaks. 【Methods】 The genetic variation of P. xylostella populations was investigated based on four independent datasets of 1 567 COI sequences of P. xylostella at different sampling time in China. Each dataset was classified into three groups, i.e., OR populations, SBR populations and populations sampled at a given sampling time(ST). The genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, haplotype similarity and demography history of these populations were investigated. 【Results】 Genetic variation analysis of P. xylostella populations based on COI sequences revealed a comparable genetic variation between OR and SBR populations sampled at the same time. Although the unstable haplotype frequency in SBR led to a great genetic differentiation of SBR-involved populations, COI haplotypes in SBR populations either could be found in OR populations sampled at the same time or showed a limited difference(<2 bp) from the COI haplotypes in OR populations. The haplotype frequency of SBR populations varied greatly among different years. Variation of genetic differentiation between SBR populations was the highest in all population combinations, while that between ST populations was the lowest. Haplotype analysis at different sampling time showed a similar pattern in nucleotide mismatch distributions, and the similar haplotype pattern consists of several dominant haplotypes. 【Conclusion】 Our results indicate that dispersal is the major factor in shaping the genetic variation of SBR populations of P. xylostlla, and P. xylostella populations tend to exhibit a temporal stability and interrelation of genetic variation in different regions of China. The nature of metapopulation provides an important ecological base for understanding the seasonal dispersal of P. xylostella.
【Aim】 The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is one of the most important dispersal pests of cruciferous vegetables worldwide, and it is featured by the interrelated metapopulations of "source-sink" between overwintering regions(OR) and seasonally breeding regions(SBR) in China. This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of genetic variation in P. xylostella populations in China and to further uncover the effect of dispersal behavior on its regional outbreaks. 【Methods】 The genetic variation of P. xylostella populations was investigated based on four independent datasets of 1 567 COI sequences of P. xylostella at different sampling time in China. Each dataset was classified into three groups, i.e., OR populations, SBR populations and populations sampled at a given sampling time(ST). The genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, haplotype similarity and demography history of these populations were investigated. 【Results】 Genetic variation analysis of P. xylostella populations based on COI sequences revealed a comparable genetic variation between OR and SBR populations sampled at the same time. Although the unstable haplotype frequency in SBR led to a great genetic differentiation of SBR-involved populations, COI haplotypes in SBR populations either could be found in OR populations sampled at the same time or showed a limited difference(<2 bp) from the COI haplotypes in OR populations. The haplotype frequency of SBR populations varied greatly among different years. Variation of genetic differentiation between SBR populations was the highest in all population combinations, while that between ST populations was the lowest. Haplotype analysis at different sampling time showed a similar pattern in nucleotide mismatch distributions, and the similar haplotype pattern consists of several dominant haplotypes. 【Conclusion】 Our results indicate that dispersal is the major factor in shaping the genetic variation of SBR populations of P. xylostlla, and P. xylostella populations tend to exhibit a temporal stability and interrelation of genetic variation in different regions of China. The nature of metapopulation provides an important ecological base for understanding the seasonal dispersal of P. xylostella.
引文
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Fu X,Xing Z,Liu Z,Ali A,Wu K,2014.Migration of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,across the Bohai Sea in northern China.Crop Prot.,64(3):143-149.
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Ke F,You S,He W,Liu T,Vasseur L,Douglas CJ,You M,2015.Genetic differentiation of the regional Plutella xylostella populations across the Taiwan Strait based on identification of microsatellite markers.Ecol.Evol.,5(24):5880-5891.
Kim Y,Kim K,Kim N,1999.Genetic difference between two field populations of Plutella xylostella (Linnée) based on four polymorphic allozymes.J.Asia-Pac.Entomol.,2(1):1-5.
Kirk H,Freeland JR,2011.Applications and implications of neutral versus non-neutral markers in molecular ecology.Int.J.Mol.Sci.,12(6):3966-3988.
Koelle K,Vandermeer J,2005.Dispersal-induced desynchronization:from metapopulations to metacommunities.Ecol.Lett.,8(8):167-175.
Kumar S,Stecher G,Tamura K,2016.MEGA7:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets.Mol.Biol.Evol.,33(7):1870-1874.
Lacy RC,1997.Importance of genetic variation to the viability of mammalian populations.J.Mammal.,78(2):320-335.
Leigh JW,Bryant D,2015.POPART:full-feature software for haplotype network construction.Methods Ecol.Evol.,6(9):1110-1116.
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