盐旱交叉胁迫对各施氮水平下小麦苗期的影响
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摘要
为探究不同浓度盐胁迫和水分胁迫及两者互作对小麦幼苗生理特性的影响,于2017年3月至5月布置盆栽试验,分别设置两个NaCl胁迫(S1,NaCl 1.9 g/kg;S2,NaCl 2.9 g/kg)和两个水分处理水平(W1,78%田间持水量;W2,47%田间持水量),测定了冬小麦幼苗地上部和地下部干物质量、全氮、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量。结果表明:①在本试验盐胁迫范围内,单一盐胁迫下盐分含量的上升会显著抑制小麦的生长,冬小麦各部分干重、全氮、叶绿素含量明显下降,渗透物质可溶性糖含量会上升;②低盐干旱胁迫互作改善冬小麦幼苗生长状况,叶绿素含量、各部分干物质累积、氮积累量以及可溶性糖含量最大,呈现出对盐旱复合胁迫的适应性;③高盐干旱胁迫互作会加剧对小麦幼苗的生长限制。因此,低盐胁迫下对冬小麦进行适度的干旱刺激可以促进小麦幼苗适应复合胁迫,有利于小麦幼苗生长。
To investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat seedlings under salinity and drought,an indoor pot experiment was conducted from March to May in 2017. Two NaCl concentrations of S1 and S2, two water contents of W1 and W2 were designed. The dry weights and the contents of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of shoots and roots were measured for potted winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) The increase of salinity significantly limited the growth of wheat. The dry weights of shoots and roots, total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of winter wheat decreased significantly but the soluble sugar content increased. 2) Interaction of low salt with drought alleviated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings, the dry weights of shoots and roots and the contents of nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of winter wheat were highest. 3) Interaction of high salinity with drought aggravated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings. The above results suggest that low salinity with moderate drought stress could stimulate stress effects of wheat, which is beneficial for the growth of wheat seedling.
To investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat seedlings under salinity and drought,an indoor pot experiment was conducted from March to May in 2017. Two NaCl concentrations of S1 and S2, two water contents of W1 and W2 were designed. The dry weights and the contents of total nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of shoots and roots were measured for potted winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) The increase of salinity significantly limited the growth of wheat. The dry weights of shoots and roots, total nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of winter wheat decreased significantly but the soluble sugar content increased. 2) Interaction of low salt with drought alleviated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings, the dry weights of shoots and roots and the contents of nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar of winter wheat were highest. 3) Interaction of high salinity with drought aggravated the restriction on the growth of wheat seedlings. The above results suggest that low salinity with moderate drought stress could stimulate stress effects of wheat, which is beneficial for the growth of wheat seedling.
引文
[1]Zhu J K.Plant salt tolerance[J].Trends in Plant Science,2001,6(2):66-71
[2]Oki T,Kanae S.Global hydrological cycles and world water resources[J].Science,2006,313(5790):1068-1072
[3]吕真真,杨劲松,刘广明,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐渍化与地下水特征关系研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1377-1385
[4]Rozema J,Flowers T.Ecology.Crops for a salinized world[J].Science,2008,322(5907):1478-1480
[5]于阳.泥质滨海盐渍土快速脱盐改良剂的筛选研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015
[6]Munns R,Termaat A.Whole-plant responses to salinity[J].Functional Plant Biology,1986,13(1):143-160
[7]Maas E V,Poss J A.Salt sensitivity of wheat at various growth stages[J].Irrigation Science,1989,10(1):29-40
[8]Hu Y,Camp K,Schmidhalter U.Kinetics and spatial distribution of leaf elongation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under saline soil conditions[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2000,161(4):575-582
[9]靖姣姣,路斌,杜欢,等.盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究[J].麦类作物学报,2016(9):1147-1152
[10]谢文军,张衍鹏,张淼,等.滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质与小麦生产间的关系[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):461-466
[11]曾文治,徐驰,黄介生,等.土壤盐分与施氮量交互作用对葵花生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):86-94
[12]Hu Y C,Burucs Z,Schmidhalter U.Short-term effect of drought and salinity on growth and mineral elements in wheat seedlings[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2006,29(12):2227-2243
[13]Kramer P J,Boyer J S.Water relations of plants and soils[M].Academic Press,1995
[14]Munns R,Tester M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu.Rev.Plant Biol.,2008,59:651-681
[15]薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2701-2702
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:71-74
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:41-44
[18]吕廷良,孙明高,宋尚文,等.盐,旱及其交叉胁迫对紫荆幼苗净光合速率及其叶绿素含量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2):191-195
[19]任红旭,陈雄,王亚馥.抗旱性不同的小麦幼苗在水分和盐胁迫下抗氧化酶和多胺的变化[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(6):709-715
[20]郑桂珍,关军锋,李广敏.渗透胁迫对小麦根,胚芽生长及其质膜氧化还原系统的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):48-50
[21]翁亚伟,张磊,张姗,等.盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2244-2252
[22]包卓.低温高光锻炼下烤烟幼苗叶片光合适应性的初步研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010
[23]Sabry S R S,Smith L T,Smith G M,et al.Osmoregulation in spring wheat under drought and salinity stress[J].Journal Genetic&Breeding,1995,49:55-60
[24]王子臣,张兵,管永祥,等.油莎豆盐土栽培生理初探[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1126-1131
[25]Plaut Z,Federman E.Acclimation of CO2 assimilation in cotton leaves to water stress and salinity[J].Plant Physiology,1991,97(2):515-522
[26]华智锐,李小玲.盐旱交叉胁迫对小麦幼苗渗透调节能力的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(2):166-171
[27]贺少轩,梁宗锁,蔚丽珍,等.土壤干旱对2个种源野生酸枣幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009(7):1387-1393
[28]刘建新,王金成,王瑞娟,等.旱盐交叉胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长和渗透调节物质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):244-248
[29]陈红琳,陈尚洪,郑盛华,等.增施氮素对苗期渍水胁迫冬油菜生理特性及产量的调控效应[J].土壤,2017,49(3):519-526
[30]姜丽娜,李春喜.超高产小麦氮素吸收、积累及分配规律的研究[J].麦类作物学报,2000,20(2):53-59
[31]张洪程,许轲.超高产小麦吸氮特性与氮肥运筹的初步研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):935-940
[32]赵荣芳,陈新平,张福锁.华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的氮素循环与平衡[J].土壤学报,2009,46(4):684-697
[33]梁振兴,刘兴海.小麦产量形成的栽培技术原理[M].北京农业大学出版社,1994
[34]陈辉蓉,吴振斌,贺锋,等.植物抗逆性研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(3):7-13
[35]马洪波,曹月阳,陈杰,等.土壤盐胁迫对小麦养分和渗透调节物质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,28(6):1300-1305
[36]Perveen S,Shahbaz M,Ashraf M.Changes in mineral composition,uptake and use efficiency of salt stressed wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol[J].Pak.J.Bot.,2012,44:27-35
[37]弋良朋,王祖伟.盐胁迫下3种滨海盐生植物的根系生长和分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1195-1202
[38]何洁,刘鸿先,王以柔,等.低温与植物的光合作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1986(2):1-6
[39]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长,叶绿素含量及Na+,K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):278-284
[40]华智锐,于浩世,王新军.盐旱交叉胁迫对商麦5226幼苗光合指标的影响[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(2):52-57.
[41]朱金方,夏江宝,陆兆华,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(1):124-130
[42]Chartzoulakis K,Klapaki G.Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2000,86(3):247-260
[43]Hernandez J A,Olmos E,Corpas F J,et al.Salt-induced oxidative stress in chloroplasts of pea plants[J].Plant Science,1995,105(2):151-167
[44]Marcelis L F M,Van Hooijdonk J.Effect of salinity on growth,water use and nutrient use in radish(Raphanus sativus L.)[J].Plant and Soil,1999,215(1):57-64
[45]Shaheen R,Hood-Nowotny R C.Effect of drought and salinity on carbon isotope discrimination in wheat cultivars[J].Plant Science,2005,168(4):901-909
[46]陈成升,谢志霞,刘小京.旱盐互作对冬小麦幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):811-816
[47]Slama I,Ghnaya T,Messedi D,et al.Effect of sodium chloride on the response of the halophyte species Sesuvium portulacastrum grown in mannitol-induced water stress[J].Journal of Plant Research,2007,120(2):291-299
[48]Hussain M I,Lyra D A,Farooq M,et al.Salt and drought stresses in safflower:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(1):1-31
[2]Oki T,Kanae S.Global hydrological cycles and world water resources[J].Science,2006,313(5790):1068-1072
[3]吕真真,杨劲松,刘广明,等.黄河三角洲土壤盐渍化与地下水特征关系研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1377-1385
[4]Rozema J,Flowers T.Ecology.Crops for a salinized world[J].Science,2008,322(5907):1478-1480
[5]于阳.泥质滨海盐渍土快速脱盐改良剂的筛选研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2015
[6]Munns R,Termaat A.Whole-plant responses to salinity[J].Functional Plant Biology,1986,13(1):143-160
[7]Maas E V,Poss J A.Salt sensitivity of wheat at various growth stages[J].Irrigation Science,1989,10(1):29-40
[8]Hu Y,Camp K,Schmidhalter U.Kinetics and spatial distribution of leaf elongation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)under saline soil conditions[J].International Journal of Plant Sciences,2000,161(4):575-582
[9]靖姣姣,路斌,杜欢,等.盐胁迫对小麦代换系光合性状的影响及染色体效应研究[J].麦类作物学报,2016(9):1147-1152
[10]谢文军,张衍鹏,张淼,等.滨海盐渍化土壤理化性质与小麦生产间的关系[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):461-466
[11]曾文治,徐驰,黄介生,等.土壤盐分与施氮量交互作用对葵花生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):86-94
[12]Hu Y C,Burucs Z,Schmidhalter U.Short-term effect of drought and salinity on growth and mineral elements in wheat seedlings[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2006,29(12):2227-2243
[13]Kramer P J,Boyer J S.Water relations of plants and soils[M].Academic Press,1995
[14]Munns R,Tester M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu.Rev.Plant Biol.,2008,59:651-681
[15]薛香,吴玉娥.小麦叶片叶绿素含量测定及其与SPAD值的关系[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(11):2701-2702
[16]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:71-74
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:41-44
[18]吕廷良,孙明高,宋尚文,等.盐,旱及其交叉胁迫对紫荆幼苗净光合速率及其叶绿素含量的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010(2):191-195
[19]任红旭,陈雄,王亚馥.抗旱性不同的小麦幼苗在水分和盐胁迫下抗氧化酶和多胺的变化[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(6):709-715
[20]郑桂珍,关军锋,李广敏.渗透胁迫对小麦根,胚芽生长及其质膜氧化还原系统的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):48-50
[21]翁亚伟,张磊,张姗,等.盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(7):2244-2252
[22]包卓.低温高光锻炼下烤烟幼苗叶片光合适应性的初步研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010
[23]Sabry S R S,Smith L T,Smith G M,et al.Osmoregulation in spring wheat under drought and salinity stress[J].Journal Genetic&Breeding,1995,49:55-60
[24]王子臣,张兵,管永祥,等.油莎豆盐土栽培生理初探[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1126-1131
[25]Plaut Z,Federman E.Acclimation of CO2 assimilation in cotton leaves to water stress and salinity[J].Plant Physiology,1991,97(2):515-522
[26]华智锐,李小玲.盐旱交叉胁迫对小麦幼苗渗透调节能力的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(2):166-171
[27]贺少轩,梁宗锁,蔚丽珍,等.土壤干旱对2个种源野生酸枣幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009(7):1387-1393
[28]刘建新,王金成,王瑞娟,等.旱盐交叉胁迫对燕麦幼苗生长和渗透调节物质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):244-248
[29]陈红琳,陈尚洪,郑盛华,等.增施氮素对苗期渍水胁迫冬油菜生理特性及产量的调控效应[J].土壤,2017,49(3):519-526
[30]姜丽娜,李春喜.超高产小麦氮素吸收、积累及分配规律的研究[J].麦类作物学报,2000,20(2):53-59
[31]张洪程,许轲.超高产小麦吸氮特性与氮肥运筹的初步研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):935-940
[32]赵荣芳,陈新平,张福锁.华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的氮素循环与平衡[J].土壤学报,2009,46(4):684-697
[33]梁振兴,刘兴海.小麦产量形成的栽培技术原理[M].北京农业大学出版社,1994
[34]陈辉蓉,吴振斌,贺锋,等.植物抗逆性研究进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(3):7-13
[35]马洪波,曹月阳,陈杰,等.土壤盐胁迫对小麦养分和渗透调节物质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2013,28(6):1300-1305
[36]Perveen S,Shahbaz M,Ashraf M.Changes in mineral composition,uptake and use efficiency of salt stressed wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)plants raised from seed treated with triacontanol[J].Pak.J.Bot.,2012,44:27-35
[37]弋良朋,王祖伟.盐胁迫下3种滨海盐生植物的根系生长和分布[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1195-1202
[38]何洁,刘鸿先,王以柔,等.低温与植物的光合作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1986(2):1-6
[39]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长,叶绿素含量及Na+,K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(2):278-284
[40]华智锐,于浩世,王新军.盐旱交叉胁迫对商麦5226幼苗光合指标的影响[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(2):52-57.
[41]朱金方,夏江宝,陆兆华,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(1):124-130
[42]Chartzoulakis K,Klapaki G.Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2000,86(3):247-260
[43]Hernandez J A,Olmos E,Corpas F J,et al.Salt-induced oxidative stress in chloroplasts of pea plants[J].Plant Science,1995,105(2):151-167
[44]Marcelis L F M,Van Hooijdonk J.Effect of salinity on growth,water use and nutrient use in radish(Raphanus sativus L.)[J].Plant and Soil,1999,215(1):57-64
[45]Shaheen R,Hood-Nowotny R C.Effect of drought and salinity on carbon isotope discrimination in wheat cultivars[J].Plant Science,2005,168(4):901-909
[46]陈成升,谢志霞,刘小京.旱盐互作对冬小麦幼苗生长及其抗逆生理特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):811-816
[47]Slama I,Ghnaya T,Messedi D,et al.Effect of sodium chloride on the response of the halophyte species Sesuvium portulacastrum grown in mannitol-induced water stress[J].Journal of Plant Research,2007,120(2):291-299
[48]Hussain M I,Lyra D A,Farooq M,et al.Salt and drought stresses in safflower:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2016,36(1):1-31
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