4LZY-7型全喂入油菜联合收获机的设计与试验
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摘要
为解决西北地区油菜机械化收获中存在损失率高、作业效率低等问题,设计并试制了一种可一次性完成收割、脱粒、分离、清选、入仓等一体化作业的4LZY-7型全喂入油菜联合收获机。结合现有稻麦联合收获机,并针对油菜的生物特性及其收获时的农艺要求,对样机核心部件的作业机理进行了分析,并对样机关键部件进行了设计,确定了割台系统、脱粒系统和清选系统的工作参数。田间试验结果表明,当作业速度在0.8～1.2 m·s~(-1)之间,拨禾轮线速度在1.4～1.8 m·s~(-1)之间,即速比取1.5～2.25时割台损失率为2.35%;脱粒滚筒的圆周速度在15～20 m·s~(-1)之间,脱粒间隙为20 mm时,滚筒的脱净率大于96.9%;风机出口处风速为4.07 m·s~(-1),筛面倾斜角度为16±2°时,筛出物菜籽含量为0.11%,粮仓含杂率为2.83%。即整机损失率最高为3.95%,粮仓含杂率最高为2.83%,机械破碎率最高为0.2%。各项试验指标均符合国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求。
In order to solve the problem of high loss rate and low operating efficiency of the machine harvesting of rapeseed in the northwestern China, a full feeding combine harvester, 4 LZY-7,which can complete harvesting, threshing, separation, clearance, and storage,was designed and tested. By combining with the present rice-wheat combine harvester and the characteristics of rapeseed and the agriculture request during the harvest, we analyzed the operation mechanism of the core parts of prototype and the key parts of the prototype, the working parameters of the cutting system, the threshing system and the cleaning system were determined. The results of field experiments showed that:(1) When the working speed was between 0.8～1.2 m·s~(-1), the linear speed of the reel was between 1.4～1.8 m·s~(-1), and the speed ratio was 1.5～2.25, the loss rate of the cutting table was 2.35%.(2) When the circumference velocity of the threshing drum was between 15～20 m·s~(-1) and the threshing clearance was 20 mm, the threshed rate of the drum was more than 96.9%.(3) When fan outlet wind 4.07 m·s~(-1) and screen surface tilt angle was 16±2°, rapeseed content in screen out was 0.11%, the granary impurity rate was 2.83%. This resulted in a maximum mechanical loss rate of 3.95%, the highest impurity rate of granary of 2.83%, and a less than 0.2% of mechanical crushing rate. All of the experimental parameters and test indexes were in accordance with national and industry standards,and the testing results met the requirements of design and practical operation.
In order to solve the problem of high loss rate and low operating efficiency of the machine harvesting of rapeseed in the northwestern China, a full feeding combine harvester, 4 LZY-7,which can complete harvesting, threshing, separation, clearance, and storage,was designed and tested. By combining with the present rice-wheat combine harvester and the characteristics of rapeseed and the agriculture request during the harvest, we analyzed the operation mechanism of the core parts of prototype and the key parts of the prototype, the working parameters of the cutting system, the threshing system and the cleaning system were determined. The results of field experiments showed that:(1) When the working speed was between 0.8～1.2 m·s~(-1), the linear speed of the reel was between 1.4～1.8 m·s~(-1), and the speed ratio was 1.5～2.25, the loss rate of the cutting table was 2.35%.(2) When the circumference velocity of the threshing drum was between 15～20 m·s~(-1) and the threshing clearance was 20 mm, the threshed rate of the drum was more than 96.9%.(3) When fan outlet wind 4.07 m·s~(-1) and screen surface tilt angle was 16±2°, rapeseed content in screen out was 0.11%, the granary impurity rate was 2.83%. This resulted in a maximum mechanical loss rate of 3.95%, the highest impurity rate of granary of 2.83%, and a less than 0.2% of mechanical crushing rate. All of the experimental parameters and test indexes were in accordance with national and industry standards,and the testing results met the requirements of design and practical operation.
引文
[1] 黄小毛,宗望远.油菜联合收获的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程,2012,2(1):14-19.
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[3] 李海同,黄鹏,舒彩霞.我国稻麦油菜机械化收获技术研究现状与趋势[J].农业工程,2013,3(5):1-6.
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[5] 林连华,王建强,徐海港,等.4LZ-2.5型自走式油菜联合收获机的研究与开发[J].农业工程,2012,2(6):53-57.
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[8] 廖庆喜,万星宇,李海同,等.油菜联合收获机旋风分离清选系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):24-31.
[9] 李海同,万星宇,王华,等.油菜联合收获机集成式纵轴流脱离装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):108-115.
[10] 陈红琳,陈尚洪,沈学善,等.不同收获方式对油菜子粒损失、含油量及种植效益的影响[J].作物杂志,2015,(5):74-79.
[11] 金诚谦,吴崇友.油菜收获技术基础研究现状与发展[J].农机化研究,2010,1(1):5-9.
[12] Pari L,Assirelli A,Suardi A,el al.The harvest of oil seedrape (Brassica napus L.):The effective yield losses at on-farm scale in the Italian area[J].Biomass and bioenergy,2012,46:453-458.
[13] 梁苏宁,沐森林,汤庆,等.收获方式对油菜收获损失构成特征的影响[J].农机化研究,2018,(3):134-140.
[14] 吴崇友,肖圣元,金梅.油菜联合收获与分段收获效果比较[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):10-16.
[15] 孟倩.筛选适合于机械化收获的油菜品种研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[16] 陈立,廖庆喜,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获机脱出物空气力学特性测定[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊1):125-130.
[17] 熊永森,王金双,陈德俊,等.小型全喂入双滚筒轴流联合收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊1):35-38.
[18] 陈度,王书茂,康峰,等.联合收割机喂入量与收获过程损失模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):18-21.
[19] 李海同,廖庆喜,李平,等.油菜联合收获机分体组合式割台的设计[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(5):111-116.
[20] 李宝筏.高等农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[21] 李耀明,孙韬,徐立章.油菜多滚筒分离装置的性能试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):36-43.
[22] 黄鹏,廖庆喜,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获机不同脱粒元件对脱粒性能的影响试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增2)47-51.
[23] 徐立章,李耀明,王成红,等.切纵流双滚筒联合收获机脱离分离装置[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):105-108.
[24] 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[25] 张敏,金诚谦,梁苏宁,等.风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):8-15.
[26] 江涛,吴崇友,伍德林.油菜联合收获风筛选的研究动态及发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(5):288-291.
[27] 兰心敏,李民.油菜联合收获机割台损失率测定方法的研究[J].中国农机化,2011,(4):70-74.
[28] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1231-2006油菜联合收获机质量评价技术规范[S].2006.
[29] 中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 8007-2008收获机械联合收割机试验方法[S].2008.
[2] 吴福良.多功能油菜联合收获机的现状及发展方向[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2007,(4):3-5.
[3] 李海同,黄鹏,舒彩霞.我国稻麦油菜机械化收获技术研究现状与趋势[J].农业工程,2013,3(5):1-6.
[4] 黄耀明,余建国,闫小丽.渭北高原区油菜机械化收获试验研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(1):207-212.
[5] 林连华,王建强,徐海港,等.4LZ-2.5型自走式油菜联合收获机的研究与开发[J].农业工程,2012,2(6):53-57.
[6] 黄小毛,查显涛,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获割台落粒横流气压收集装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):227-233.
[7] 冀牧野,廖庆喜,李海同,等.油菜联合收获机梳脱式割台设计[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(5):117-124.
[8] 廖庆喜,万星宇,李海同,等.油菜联合收获机旋风分离清选系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):24-31.
[9] 李海同,万星宇,王华,等.油菜联合收获机集成式纵轴流脱离装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(5):108-115.
[10] 陈红琳,陈尚洪,沈学善,等.不同收获方式对油菜子粒损失、含油量及种植效益的影响[J].作物杂志,2015,(5):74-79.
[11] 金诚谦,吴崇友.油菜收获技术基础研究现状与发展[J].农机化研究,2010,1(1):5-9.
[12] Pari L,Assirelli A,Suardi A,el al.The harvest of oil seedrape (Brassica napus L.):The effective yield losses at on-farm scale in the Italian area[J].Biomass and bioenergy,2012,46:453-458.
[13] 梁苏宁,沐森林,汤庆,等.收获方式对油菜收获损失构成特征的影响[J].农机化研究,2018,(3):134-140.
[14] 吴崇友,肖圣元,金梅.油菜联合收获与分段收获效果比较[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):10-16.
[15] 孟倩.筛选适合于机械化收获的油菜品种研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[16] 陈立,廖庆喜,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获机脱出物空气力学特性测定[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊1):125-130.
[17] 熊永森,王金双,陈德俊,等.小型全喂入双滚筒轴流联合收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊1):35-38.
[18] 陈度,王书茂,康峰,等.联合收割机喂入量与收获过程损失模型[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(9):18-21.
[19] 李海同,廖庆喜,李平,等.油菜联合收获机分体组合式割台的设计[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(5):111-116.
[20] 李宝筏.高等农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[21] 李耀明,孙韬,徐立章.油菜多滚筒分离装置的性能试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(8):36-43.
[22] 黄鹏,廖庆喜,宗望远,等.油菜联合收获机不同脱粒元件对脱粒性能的影响试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增2)47-51.
[23] 徐立章,李耀明,王成红,等.切纵流双滚筒联合收获机脱离分离装置[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(2):105-108.
[24] 中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[25] 张敏,金诚谦,梁苏宁,等.风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):8-15.
[26] 江涛,吴崇友,伍德林.油菜联合收获风筛选的研究动态及发展趋势[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(5):288-291.
[27] 兰心敏,李民.油菜联合收获机割台损失率测定方法的研究[J].中国农机化,2011,(4):70-74.
[28] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 1231-2006油菜联合收获机质量评价技术规范[S].2006.
[29] 中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 8007-2008收获机械联合收割机试验方法[S].2008.
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