考虑网损的配电节点电价模型及迭代计算方法
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摘要
在分布式电源装机容量快速增长的背景下,建立本地电力市场可促进分布式机组出力的消纳和配电网的优化运行。文章提出了适用于本地市场竞价出清的配电节点电价(distribution locational marginal pricing,DLMP)模型,将其分解为有功价格分量、无功价格分量、网损价格分量、电压支撑价格分量以及阻塞价格分量,可量化各分量对节点电价的贡献。同时采用迭代算法对该模型进行求解,通过市场出清模型与交流潮流的迭代计算克服线性化节点电价模型对预设网损因子的依赖。通过对IEEE 33节点配电系统的仿真分析,验证了所提模型的有效性和所提算法的准确性。
With the rapid growth of distributed generation(DG),establishing a local power market will be a promising way to integrate DG and guarantee the optimal operation of distribution system. However,locational marginal pricing(LMP) for transmission network can't be applied to distribution network directly. This paper proposes a distribution locational marginal pricing( DLMP) model to clear the local electricity market where DGs bid in pool. The DLMP is decomposed into five components: marginal energy cost for active power and reactive power,marginal loss cost,marginal voltage support cost and marginal congestion cost,which quantify the contribution of each part to the total nodal price.Meanwhile,an iterative solution method is designed to obtain the DLMPs with high precision. Through the iterative calculations of market clearing model and AC power flow,the results obtained can overcome the dependence on the preset parameters(e. g. network loss factor) based on the historical operation information. Finally,simulation results on the IEEE33-node distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and accuracy of the proposed method.
With the rapid growth of distributed generation(DG),establishing a local power market will be a promising way to integrate DG and guarantee the optimal operation of distribution system. However,locational marginal pricing(LMP) for transmission network can't be applied to distribution network directly. This paper proposes a distribution locational marginal pricing( DLMP) model to clear the local electricity market where DGs bid in pool. The DLMP is decomposed into five components: marginal energy cost for active power and reactive power,marginal loss cost,marginal voltage support cost and marginal congestion cost,which quantify the contribution of each part to the total nodal price.Meanwhile,an iterative solution method is designed to obtain the DLMPs with high precision. Through the iterative calculations of market clearing model and AC power flow,the results obtained can overcome the dependence on the preset parameters(e. g. network loss factor) based on the historical operation information. Finally,simulation results on the IEEE33-node distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and accuracy of the proposed method.
引文
[1]陈国平,李明节,许涛,等.我国电网支撑可再生能源发展的实践与挑战[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3095-3103.CHEN Guoping,LI Mingjie,XU Tao,et al.Practice and challenge of renewable energy development based on interconnected power grids[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3095-3103.
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[8]王正,王佳伟,赵海波,等.考虑分布式电源节能减排和市场博弈行为的配电网络节点电价定价方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(20):124-134.WANG Zheng,WANG Jiawei,ZHAO Haibo,et al.Study on LMPpricing method in distribution networks based on energy conservation and emission reduction of DG using market game behavior[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(20):124-134.
[9]陈典,钟海旺,夏清.基于全成本电价的源-网-荷协同规划[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2816-2822.CHEN Dian,ZHONG Haiwang,XIA Qing.Coordinated planning of generation-transmission-consumption based on total cost price[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2816-2822.
[10]丁晓莺,王锡凡.考虑输电网络损耗的节点电价计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(22):19-23.DING Xiaoying,WANG Xifan.Transmission losses modification in location marginal prices calculation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(22):19-23.
[11]包铭磊,丁一,邵常政,等.北欧电力市场评述及对我国的经验借鉴[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4881-4892.BAO Minglei,DING Yi,SHAO Changzheng,et al.Review of nordic electricity market and its suggestions for China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):4881-4892.
[12]LI R Y,WU Q W,OREM SHMUEL S.Distribution locational marginal pricing for optimal electric vehicle charging management[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(1):203-211.
[13]HUANG S J,WU Q W,OREN SHMUEL S,et al.Distribution locational marginal pricing through quadratic programming for congestion management in distribution networks[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2015,30(4):2170-2178.
[14]BAI L Q,WANG J H,WANG C S,et al.Distribution locational marginal pricing(DLMP)for congestion management and voltage support[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):4061-4073.
[15]YUAN H Y,LI F X,WEI Y L,et al.Novel linearized power flow and linearized OPF models for active distribution networks with application in distribution LMP[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(1):438-448.
[16]PAPAVASILIOU A.Analysis of distribution locational marginal prices[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(5):4872-4882.
[17]PENG Q,LOW S H.Distributed optimal power flow algorithm for radial networks,I:Balanced single phase case[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(1):111-121.
[18]ZHAO Y,REZA H M,DARRYL R B.Distribution locational marginal pricing by convexified ACOPF and hierarchical dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(4):3133-3142.
[19]SOTKIEWICZ P M,VIGNOLO J M.Nodal pricing for distribution networks:Efficient pricing for efficiency enhancing DG[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):1013-1014.
[20]HU Z C,CHENG H Z,YAN Z,et al.An iterative LMP calculation method considering loss distributions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(3):1469-1477.
[21]LI F X,BO R.DCOPF-based LMP simulation:Algorithm,comparison with ACOPF,and sensitivity[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1475-1485
[22]LITVINOV E,ZHENG T,ROSENWALD G,et al.Marginal loss modeling in LMP calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):880-888.
[23]BARAN M,WU F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.
[24]YANG Z,ZHONG H,XIA Q,et al.Optimal power flow based on successive linear approximation of power flow equations[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3654-3662.
[25]ZIMMERMAN R D,MURILLO-SANCHEZ C E,THOMAS R J.Matpower:Steady-state operations,planning,and analysis tools for power systems research and education[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):12-19.
[2]肖云鹏,王锡凡,王秀丽,等.面向高比例可再生能源的电力市场研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(3):663-674.XIAO Yunpeng,WANG Xifan,WANG Xiuli,et al.Review on electricity market towards high proportion of renewable energy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(3):663-674.
[3]白杨,谢乐,夏清,等.中国推进售电侧市场化的制度设计与建议[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(14):1-7.BAI Yang,XIE Le,XIA Qing,et al.System design and suggestions on promoting electricity market in China[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(14):1-7.
[4]KHORASANY M,MISHRA Y,LEDWICH G.Market framework for local energy trading:A review of potential designs and market clearing approaches[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2018,12(22):5899-5908.
[5]周晶晶,袁越,杨清,等.含分布式电源的配电网节点电价计算方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2015,27(11):9-15.ZHOU Jingjing,YUAN Yue,YANG Qing,et al.Calculation of nodal price in distribution network considering DGs[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2015,27(11):9-15.
[6]周晶晶,袁越,李振杰,等.计及供电可靠性的配电网节点电价计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(7):42-48.ZHOU Jingjing,YUAN Yue,LI Zhenjie,et al.Node price method of distribution network considering power supply reliability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(7):42-48.
[7]范绚然,袁越,原睿萌,等.计及电压越限投资的有源配电网节点电价计算方法[J].电力建设,2017,38(10):123-128.FAN Xuanran,YUAN Yue,YUAN Ruimeng,et al.Nodal pricing method of active distribution system considering additional reinforcement cost driven by voltage constraint[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(10):123-128.
[8]王正,王佳伟,赵海波,等.考虑分布式电源节能减排和市场博弈行为的配电网络节点电价定价方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(20):124-134.WANG Zheng,WANG Jiawei,ZHAO Haibo,et al.Study on LMPpricing method in distribution networks based on energy conservation and emission reduction of DG using market game behavior[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(20):124-134.
[9]陈典,钟海旺,夏清.基于全成本电价的源-网-荷协同规划[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2816-2822.CHEN Dian,ZHONG Haiwang,XIA Qing.Coordinated planning of generation-transmission-consumption based on total cost price[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2816-2822.
[10]丁晓莺,王锡凡.考虑输电网络损耗的节点电价计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(22):19-23.DING Xiaoying,WANG Xifan.Transmission losses modification in location marginal prices calculation[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(22):19-23.
[11]包铭磊,丁一,邵常政,等.北欧电力市场评述及对我国的经验借鉴[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(17):4881-4892.BAO Minglei,DING Yi,SHAO Changzheng,et al.Review of nordic electricity market and its suggestions for China[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(17):4881-4892.
[12]LI R Y,WU Q W,OREM SHMUEL S.Distribution locational marginal pricing for optimal electric vehicle charging management[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(1):203-211.
[13]HUANG S J,WU Q W,OREN SHMUEL S,et al.Distribution locational marginal pricing through quadratic programming for congestion management in distribution networks[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2015,30(4):2170-2178.
[14]BAI L Q,WANG J H,WANG C S,et al.Distribution locational marginal pricing(DLMP)for congestion management and voltage support[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):4061-4073.
[15]YUAN H Y,LI F X,WEI Y L,et al.Novel linearized power flow and linearized OPF models for active distribution networks with application in distribution LMP[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(1):438-448.
[16]PAPAVASILIOU A.Analysis of distribution locational marginal prices[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(5):4872-4882.
[17]PENG Q,LOW S H.Distributed optimal power flow algorithm for radial networks,I:Balanced single phase case[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(1):111-121.
[18]ZHAO Y,REZA H M,DARRYL R B.Distribution locational marginal pricing by convexified ACOPF and hierarchical dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(4):3133-3142.
[19]SOTKIEWICZ P M,VIGNOLO J M.Nodal pricing for distribution networks:Efficient pricing for efficiency enhancing DG[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2006,21(2):1013-1014.
[20]HU Z C,CHENG H Z,YAN Z,et al.An iterative LMP calculation method considering loss distributions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(3):1469-1477.
[21]LI F X,BO R.DCOPF-based LMP simulation:Algorithm,comparison with ACOPF,and sensitivity[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1475-1485
[22]LITVINOV E,ZHENG T,ROSENWALD G,et al.Marginal loss modeling in LMP calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004,19(2):880-888.
[23]BARAN M,WU F.Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1401-1407.
[24]YANG Z,ZHONG H,XIA Q,et al.Optimal power flow based on successive linear approximation of power flow equations[J].IETGeneration,Transmission&Distribution,2016,10(14):3654-3662.
[25]ZIMMERMAN R D,MURILLO-SANCHEZ C E,THOMAS R J.Matpower:Steady-state operations,planning,and analysis tools for power systems research and education[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):12-19.