大规模GPS揭示中国现今地壳构造形变特征
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摘要
利用全国260多个陆态网络连续站以及2 000多个陆态网络区域站2011—2015年观测数据,计算分析中国大陆现今整体地壳构造形变特征以及板内应变场空间分布特征。根据密集、大范围的GPS速度场可知中国大陆现今整体速度场依然呈现西强东弱的态势,其中最大值出现在喜马拉雅地区,一般速率在35~42mm/a之间,而川滇地区形成的右旋剪切带的形变特征最为醒目,其西南部最小速率在3~9mm/a之间,北部最大速率在17~23mm/a;由应变场的空间分布可以看出应力最大的地区主要是喜马拉雅、昆仑山中部、川滇地区的鲜水河断裂带、天山地区以及京津唐地区;东部沿海地区应变速率表现为东西拉张型,主要是由于2011年日本大地震对该地区的影响还未完全消退造成的。
This paper calculated the tectonic deformation characteristics of mainland China and the characteristics of the strain field in the plate space distribution,using more than 260 continuous CMONOC sites and more than 2,000 area stations,that are the latest observation data.According to the intensive,wide range of GPS velocity field shows strong east and west weak trends from the entire velocity field in mainland China.The maximum velocity appeared in the Himalayan region,with a general rate between 35 and 42 mm/a.The Sichuan-Yunnan region dextral shear zone formed by the deformation characteristics of the most striking that the southwest of the minimum rate is between 3to 9 mm/a,north of maximum rate in 17~23 mm/a.It can be seen from the spatial distribution that the largest strain-stress are mainly from the following regions:Himalayan,Kunlun Mountains,Sichuan and the Yunnan areas of fresh water river fault zone,Tianshan region,and Beijing-Tianjin area.The strain rate of the east coast shows tension that is mainly due to the earthquake in Japan in 2011,although the influence of the region has not completely subsided.
This paper calculated the tectonic deformation characteristics of mainland China and the characteristics of the strain field in the plate space distribution,using more than 260 continuous CMONOC sites and more than 2,000 area stations,that are the latest observation data.According to the intensive,wide range of GPS velocity field shows strong east and west weak trends from the entire velocity field in mainland China.The maximum velocity appeared in the Himalayan region,with a general rate between 35 and 42 mm/a.The Sichuan-Yunnan region dextral shear zone formed by the deformation characteristics of the most striking that the southwest of the minimum rate is between 3to 9 mm/a,north of maximum rate in 17~23 mm/a.It can be seen from the spatial distribution that the largest strain-stress are mainly from the following regions:Himalayan,Kunlun Mountains,Sichuan and the Yunnan areas of fresh water river fault zone,Tianshan region,and Beijing-Tianjin area.The strain rate of the east coast shows tension that is mainly due to the earthquake in Japan in 2011,although the influence of the region has not completely subsided.
引文
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[17]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(增刊1):21-32.WANG Min,SHEN Zheng-kang,NIU Zhi-jun,et al.The Continental Crust Movement and Activity Block Model of China[J].Science in China:Series D,2013,33(Supp 1):21-32.(in Chinese)
[18]王帅,张永志,姜永涛.结合欧拉矢量的反演算法构建青藏高原东北缘地壳运动速度场模型[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(1):214-221.WANG Shuai,ZHANG Yong-zhi,JIANG Yong-tao.Using an Inversion Algorithm with Euler Vector to Construct a Model of the Crustal Movement Velocity Field in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(1):214-221.(in Chinese)
[19]马海萍,武艳强,杨立明,等.2013年甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震前地壳形变特征研究[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(4):730-736.MA Hai-ping,WU Yan-qiang,YANG Li-ming,et al.Crustal Deformation before the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake in Gansu[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(4):730-736.(in Chinese)
[2]杨少敏,王琪,游新兆.中国现今地壳运动GPS速度场的连续变形分析[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):128-138.YANG Shao-min,WANG Qi,YOU Xin-zhao.Numerical Analysis of Contemporary Horizontal Tectonic Deformation Fields in China From GPS Data[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(2):128-138.(in Chinese)
[3]王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415-429.WANG Qi,ZHANG Pei-zhen,MA Zong-jin.GPS Database and Velocity Field of Contemporary Tectonic Deformation in Continental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):415-429.(in Chinese)
[4]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(7):529-536.WANG Qi,ZHANG Pei-zhen,NIU Zhi-jun,et al.Current Crustal Movement and Tectonic Deformation of China Mainland[J].Science in China:Series D,2001,31(7):529-536.(in Chinese)
[5]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.GPS Velocity Field and Active Crustal Blocks in Continental China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441.(in Chinese)
[6]张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442-450.ZHANG Pei-zhen,WANG Qi,MA Zong-jin.GPS Velocity Field and Active Crustal Deformation in and Around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):442-447.(in Chinese)
[7]杨国华,江在森,王敏,等.印尼地震对我国川滇地区地壳水平活动的影响[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(1):9-14.YANG Guo-hua,JIANG Zai-sen,WANG Min,et al.Effect of Indonesia Earthquake on Horizontal Crustal Movement in Sichuan Yunnan Region[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2006,26(1):9-14.(in Chinese)
[8]江在森,张希,陈兵,等.华北地区近期地壳水平运动与应力应变场特征[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):657-665.JIANG Zai-sen,ZHANG XI,CHEN Bing,et al.Characteristics of Recent Horizontal Movement and Strain-stress Field in the Crust of North China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(5):657-665.(in Chinese)
[9]沈正康,王敏,甘卫军,等.中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增刊):93-100.SHEN Zheng-kang,WANG Min,GAN Wei-jun,et al.Contemporary Tectonic Strain Rate Field of Chinese Continent and Its Geodynamic Implications[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(Supp):93-100.(in Chinese)
[10]Liu J,Caijun X U,Song C,et al.Using Repeated Precise Gps Campaigns for Research of Present-day Crustal Movement and Strain in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2001,46(8):694-698.
[11]Zhu S,Shi Y.Estimation of GPS Strain Rate and Its Error Analysis in the Chinese Continent[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(1):351-362.
[12]Wu Y,Jiang Z,Yang G,et al.Comparison of GPS Strain Rate Computing Methods and Their Reliability[J].Geophysical Journal International,2011,185(2):703-717.
[13]谭成轩,胡秋韵,张鹏,等.日本MW9.0大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义探讨[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):360-373.TAN Cheng-xuan,HU Qiu-yun,ZHANG Peng,et al.Present Tectonic Stress Adjustment Process Before and After Japan M W9.0Earthquake in North and Northeast China and Its Research Significance[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):360-373.(in Chinese)
[14]张加桂.京津唐地区深部挤压带特征及其与地震的关系[J].地质通报,1997,16(2):188-192.ZHANG Jia-gui.Features of the Deep Compression Zone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Region and Its Relation to Earthquakes[J].Geological Bulletin of China,1997,16(2):188-192.(in Chinese)
[15]郭良迁,陈聚忠,塔拉.京津唐地区的现今垂直形变特征及其构造活动的含义[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(4):1-4.GUO Liang-qian,CHEN Ju-zhong,TA La.Characteristics of Present Vertical Deformation and Tectonic Activities in Beijing-Tianjing-Tangshan Area[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(4):1-4.(in Chinese)
[16]张希,江在森,王琪,等.川滇地区地壳水平运动特征与强震关系研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):35-41.ZHANG Xi,JIANG Zai-sen,WANG Qi,et al.Recent Crust Motion Features in Sichuan-yunnan and Their Relationship to Strong Earthquakes[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(3):35-41.(in Chinese)
[17]王敏,沈正康,牛之俊,等.现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动块体模型[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(增刊1):21-32.WANG Min,SHEN Zheng-kang,NIU Zhi-jun,et al.The Continental Crust Movement and Activity Block Model of China[J].Science in China:Series D,2013,33(Supp 1):21-32.(in Chinese)
[18]王帅,张永志,姜永涛.结合欧拉矢量的反演算法构建青藏高原东北缘地壳运动速度场模型[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(1):214-221.WANG Shuai,ZHANG Yong-zhi,JIANG Yong-tao.Using an Inversion Algorithm with Euler Vector to Construct a Model of the Crustal Movement Velocity Field in the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(1):214-221.(in Chinese)
[19]马海萍,武艳强,杨立明,等.2013年甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震前地壳形变特征研究[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(4):730-736.MA Hai-ping,WU Yan-qiang,YANG Li-ming,et al.Crustal Deformation before the Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6Earthquake in Gansu[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2013,35(4):730-736.(in Chinese)