煤矿地下水库储水空间构成分析及计算方法
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摘要
针对西部近水平煤层煤矿地下水库有效储水空间难以确定的问题,提出了利用地下水库上覆各分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹方程计算各分带岩层冒落前后的体积差,从而确定煤矿地下水库不同分带内岩层的有效储水空间,解决了现有煤矿地下水库储水系数难以确定,导致地下水库储水空间计算困难的问题。基于工作面上覆岩层断裂分带划分结果,确定煤矿地下水库的主要储水空间为垮落带与块体铰接带垮落岩层的空隙、裂隙与离层空间,得出了近水平煤层垮落带与块体铰接带有效储水空间的计算表达式。基于结构力学与断裂力学理论,分析了垮落带分界岩层可能形成的3种不同结构形式,推导了砌体梁结构、台阶岩梁结构及完全垮落情况下工作面上覆垮落带、块体铰接带分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹方程,得出了上覆不同岩层结构煤矿地下水库的有效储水空间理论计算表达式。以大柳塔煤矿近水平煤层煤矿地下水库工程实践为依托,采用UDEC数值模拟计算方法分析了工作面上覆岩层的断裂结构,研究得出了地下水库上覆各分界岩层的垂直位移轨迹曲线,发现地下水库四周边界位置较中间位置的垂直位移量小,即四周边界位置具有更大的储水空间。采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,对各分界岩层的垂直位移曲线进行了拟合分析,得出了煤矿地下水库的有效储水空间。基于不同计算时步上覆岩层垂直位移曲线的差异,分析了煤矿地下水库储水空间的时空演化规律。通过在大柳塔煤矿进行现场抽放水试验,验证了上述煤矿地下水库有效储水空间计算方法的可行性及计算结果的可靠性。
In terms of the problem in calculating underground reservoir water storage space in the nearly horizontal coal seam at the coal mines in Western China,the calculation method,which uses the vertical displacement trajectory equation of different boundary strata to calculate the difference in volume before and after caving,was put forward. The method could calculate the effective reservoir space of different rock zones and solve the problem of confirming the storage coefficient for calculating the underground reservoir water storage space.Based on the dividing results of fracture zoning of overlying strata,the main water storage space of underground reservoir was the gap,crack and separation space of caving strata and block hinged zone,and the calculation expression of effective water storage space in nearly horizontal coal seam was obtained.The three different structure forms,which might be formed in the boundary strata of caved zone,were analyzed based on structural mechanics and fracture mechanics theory.The vertical displacement trajectory equation of masonry beam structure,step beam structure and fully caving condition were studied.The theoretical calculation equations of effective water storage space of different rock structures were obtained.The fracture structure of overlying strata was analyzed using the UDEC numerical simulation calculation method based on the engineering practice of Daliuta coal mine.The path curves of vertical displacement boundary strata were obtained.The vertical displacement around the underground reservoir was smaller than the middle position,which means bigger storage space. The vertical displacement curves of each boundary rock strata were fitted and analyzed by using the method of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,and the effective water storage space of underground reservoir was obtained.The spatio-temporal evolution law of water storage space was analyzed based on the difference of vertical displacement curves of overlying strata in different calculation times.The feasibility and reliability of the calculation method for the effective storage space were verified by the field drainage test in Daliuta Coal Mine.
In terms of the problem in calculating underground reservoir water storage space in the nearly horizontal coal seam at the coal mines in Western China,the calculation method,which uses the vertical displacement trajectory equation of different boundary strata to calculate the difference in volume before and after caving,was put forward. The method could calculate the effective reservoir space of different rock zones and solve the problem of confirming the storage coefficient for calculating the underground reservoir water storage space.Based on the dividing results of fracture zoning of overlying strata,the main water storage space of underground reservoir was the gap,crack and separation space of caving strata and block hinged zone,and the calculation expression of effective water storage space in nearly horizontal coal seam was obtained.The three different structure forms,which might be formed in the boundary strata of caved zone,were analyzed based on structural mechanics and fracture mechanics theory.The vertical displacement trajectory equation of masonry beam structure,step beam structure and fully caving condition were studied.The theoretical calculation equations of effective water storage space of different rock structures were obtained.The fracture structure of overlying strata was analyzed using the UDEC numerical simulation calculation method based on the engineering practice of Daliuta coal mine.The path curves of vertical displacement boundary strata were obtained.The vertical displacement around the underground reservoir was smaller than the middle position,which means bigger storage space. The vertical displacement curves of each boundary rock strata were fitted and analyzed by using the method of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,and the effective water storage space of underground reservoir was obtained.The spatio-temporal evolution law of water storage space was analyzed based on the difference of vertical displacement curves of overlying strata in different calculation times.The feasibility and reliability of the calculation method for the effective storage space were verified by the field drainage test in Daliuta Coal Mine.
引文
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[8]顾大钊,张建民,王振荣,等.神东矿区地下水变化观测与分析研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(4):35-39.GU Dazhao,ZHANG Jianmin,WANG Zhenrong,et al. Observations and analysis of groundwater change in Shendong mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2013,41(4):35-39.
[9]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵.西部缺水矿区地下水库保水的库容研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):381-387.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Storage capacity of underground reservoir in the Chinese western water-short coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):381-387.
[10]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao.Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[11]张建民,张凯,曹志国,等.基于采动-爆裂模型的导水裂隙带高度计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1557-1564.ZHANG Jianmin,ZHANG Kai,CAO Zhiguo,et al. Study on mining-bursting simulation and height calculation method for conducting-water fractured zone[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1557-1564.
[12]陈苏社,黄庆享,薛刚,等.大柳塔煤矿地下水库建设与水资源利用技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):21-28.CHEN Sushe,HUANG Qingxiang,XUE Gang,et al. Technology of underground reservoir construction and water resource utilization in Daliuta Coal Mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(8):21-28.
[13]刘超,黄滚,赵宏刚,等.复杂应力路径下原煤力学与渗透特性试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):1-9.LIU Chao,HUANG Gun,ZHAO Honggang,et al. Test on mechanical and permeability characteristics of raw coal under complex stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):1-9.
[14]吕小波,赵其华,韩刚.基于应力集中强度比的单裂隙岩石破坏过程研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(S1):87-95.LXiaobo,ZHAO Qihua,HAN Gang. Failure process of rock with single precast crack based on ratio of concentration stress to peak stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(S1):87-95.
[15]仝兴华,韩建新,李术才,等.基于裂隙岩样的多组贯穿裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变曲线研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(7):1861-1866,1873.TONG Xinghua,HAN Jianxin,LI Shucai,et al. Study of post-peak stress-strain curve of rock mass with multiple penetrative crack sets based on fractured rock samples[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(7):1861-1866,1873.
[16]林达明,尚彦军,孙福军,等.岩体强度估算方法研究及应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):837-848.LIN Daming,SHANG Yanjun,SUN Fujun,et al. Study of strength assessment of rock mass and application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):837-848.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing. Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[18]黄庆享,夏小刚.采动岩层与地表移动的“四带”划分研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):393-397.HUANG Qingxiang,XIA Xiaogang.Division of“four zones”in mining strata and surface movement[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):393-397.
[19]赵雁海,宋选民.浅埋超长工作面裂隙梁铰拱结构稳定性分析及数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):203-209.ZHAO Yanhai,SONG Xuanmin. Stability analysis and numerical simulation of hinged arch structure for fractured beam in superlong mining workface under shallow seam[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):203-209.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[21]卢国志,汤建泉,宋振骐.传递岩梁周期裂断步距与周期来压步距差异分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):538-541.LU Guozhi,TANG Jianquan,SONG Zhenqi.Difference between cyclic fracturing and cyclic weighting interval of transferring rock beams[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):538-541.
[22]夏小刚,黄庆享.基于空隙率的垮落带动态高度研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):102-107.XIA Xiaogang,HUANG Qingxiang. Study on the dynamic height of caved zone based on porosity[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):102-107.
[23]潘岳,顾士坦,戚云松.周期来压前受超前隆起分布载荷作用的坚硬顶板弯矩和挠度的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):2053-2063.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,QI Yunsong.Analytic solution of tight roof’s bending moment and deflection under swelling distributive supporting pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):2053-2063.
[24]潘岳,顾士坦,戚云松.初次来压前受超前增压荷载作用的坚硬顶板弯矩、挠度和剪力的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1544-1553.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,QI Yunsong.Analytic solution of tight roof’s bending moment,deflection and shear force under advanced supercharger load and supporting resistance before first weighting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1544-1553.
[25]李全生,鞠金峰,曹志国,等.基于导水裂隙带高度的地下水库适应性评价[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(8):2116-2124.LI Quansheng,JU Jifeng,CAO Zhiguo,et al. Suitability evaluation of underground reservoir technology based on the discriminant of the height of water conduction fracture zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):2116-2124.
[2]顾大钊.能源“金三角”煤炭现代开采水资源及地表生态保护技术[J].中国工程科学,2013,15(4):102-107.GU Dazhao.Water resource and surface ecology protection technology of modern coal mining in China’s energy “Golden Triangle”[J].Engineering Sciences,2013,15(4):102-107.
[3]顾大钊,张勇,曹志国.我国煤炭开采水资源保护利用技术研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):1-7.GU Dazhao,ZHANG Yong,CAO Zhiguo.Technical progress of water resource protection and utilization by coal mining in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):1-7.
[4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所.噬水之煤———煤电基地开发与水资源研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[5]顾大钊,颜永国,张勇,等.煤矿地下水库煤柱动力响应与稳定性分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1589-1597.GU Dazhao,YAN Yongguo,ZHANG Yong,et al. Experimental study and numerical simulation for dynamic response of coal pillars in coal mine underground reservoir[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1589-1597.
[6]张建民,李全生,南清安,等.西部生态脆弱区现代煤-水仿生共采理念与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):66-72.ZHANG Jianmin,LI Quansheng,NAN Qing’an,et al. Study on the bionic coal&water co-mining idea and key technological system in the ecological fragile region of west China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):66-72.
[7]顾大钊,张建民.西部矿区现代煤炭开采对地下水赋存环境的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(12):114-117.GU Dazhao,ZHANG Jianmin.Modern coal mining affected to underground water deposit environment in West China mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(12):114-117.
[8]顾大钊,张建民,王振荣,等.神东矿区地下水变化观测与分析研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(4):35-39.GU Dazhao,ZHANG Jianmin,WANG Zhenrong,et al. Observations and analysis of groundwater change in Shendong mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2013,41(4):35-39.
[9]鞠金峰,许家林,朱卫兵.西部缺水矿区地下水库保水的库容研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):381-387.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Storage capacity of underground reservoir in the Chinese western water-short coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):381-387.
[10]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao.Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[11]张建民,张凯,曹志国,等.基于采动-爆裂模型的导水裂隙带高度计算方法[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1557-1564.ZHANG Jianmin,ZHANG Kai,CAO Zhiguo,et al. Study on mining-bursting simulation and height calculation method for conducting-water fractured zone[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1557-1564.
[12]陈苏社,黄庆享,薛刚,等.大柳塔煤矿地下水库建设与水资源利用技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):21-28.CHEN Sushe,HUANG Qingxiang,XUE Gang,et al. Technology of underground reservoir construction and water resource utilization in Daliuta Coal Mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(8):21-28.
[13]刘超,黄滚,赵宏刚,等.复杂应力路径下原煤力学与渗透特性试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):1-9.LIU Chao,HUANG Gun,ZHAO Honggang,et al. Test on mechanical and permeability characteristics of raw coal under complex stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):1-9.
[14]吕小波,赵其华,韩刚.基于应力集中强度比的单裂隙岩石破坏过程研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(S1):87-95.LXiaobo,ZHAO Qihua,HAN Gang. Failure process of rock with single precast crack based on ratio of concentration stress to peak stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(S1):87-95.
[15]仝兴华,韩建新,李术才,等.基于裂隙岩样的多组贯穿裂隙岩体峰后应力-应变曲线研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(7):1861-1866,1873.TONG Xinghua,HAN Jianxin,LI Shucai,et al. Study of post-peak stress-strain curve of rock mass with multiple penetrative crack sets based on fractured rock samples[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(7):1861-1866,1873.
[16]林达明,尚彦军,孙福军,等.岩体强度估算方法研究及应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):837-848.LIN Daming,SHANG Yanjun,SUN Fujun,et al. Study of strength assessment of rock mass and application[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):837-848.
[17]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing. Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[18]黄庆享,夏小刚.采动岩层与地表移动的“四带”划分研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):393-397.HUANG Qingxiang,XIA Xiaogang.Division of“four zones”in mining strata and surface movement[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):393-397.
[19]赵雁海,宋选民.浅埋超长工作面裂隙梁铰拱结构稳定性分析及数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):203-209.ZHAO Yanhai,SONG Xuanmin. Stability analysis and numerical simulation of hinged arch structure for fractured beam in superlong mining workface under shallow seam[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):203-209.
[20]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[21]卢国志,汤建泉,宋振骐.传递岩梁周期裂断步距与周期来压步距差异分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):538-541.LU Guozhi,TANG Jianquan,SONG Zhenqi.Difference between cyclic fracturing and cyclic weighting interval of transferring rock beams[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):538-541.
[22]夏小刚,黄庆享.基于空隙率的垮落带动态高度研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):102-107.XIA Xiaogang,HUANG Qingxiang. Study on the dynamic height of caved zone based on porosity[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):102-107.
[23]潘岳,顾士坦,戚云松.周期来压前受超前隆起分布载荷作用的坚硬顶板弯矩和挠度的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):2053-2063.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,QI Yunsong.Analytic solution of tight roof’s bending moment and deflection under swelling distributive supporting pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):2053-2063.
[24]潘岳,顾士坦,戚云松.初次来压前受超前增压荷载作用的坚硬顶板弯矩、挠度和剪力的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1544-1553.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,QI Yunsong.Analytic solution of tight roof’s bending moment,deflection and shear force under advanced supercharger load and supporting resistance before first weighting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1544-1553.
[25]李全生,鞠金峰,曹志国,等.基于导水裂隙带高度的地下水库适应性评价[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(8):2116-2124.LI Quansheng,JU Jifeng,CAO Zhiguo,et al. Suitability evaluation of underground reservoir technology based on the discriminant of the height of water conduction fracture zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):2116-2124.