基于有限差分法的变压器局部放电高频信号的传播特性研究
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摘要
基于高频的局部放电检测技术有着具有检测灵敏,结构简单,技术成熟的特点。但目前对这项技术的研究还停留在实际应用上,而对其在变压器中传播理论研究并不多。为此文中基于有限差分法(FDTD),在对一个35 kV变压器建模基础上,对比研究了放电源脉冲宽度,幅值,接收源距离以及铁心对高频局部放电信号的影响,并设计—气隙型局部放电,在真型变压器上完成了高频局部放电检测试,验证完整了仿真结论。仿真与试验结论表明高频局部放电信号在传播特性上,受到多种因素的影响,与特高频信号有明显区别。研究结果有助于对局部放电的理解,也对高频局部放电的测量定位在理论上提供了依据,从而在工程中起到指导作用。
High-frequency(HF) partial discharge(PD) detection technique has high sensitivity, simple structure,mature technology and so on. It researches mainly on the practical application, but there is little research on transformer signal propagation theory. In this paper, basing on finite difference time domain(FDTD) method, a computer model of a 35 kV transformer is built up,and the impact of the pulse width,amplitude,distance of the source and the transformer core on HF PD is compared. Moreover, a HF PD test is performed on a real transformer to verify the integrity of the simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that the propagation characteristics of HF PD signals subjects to a variety of factors, and it is significantly different from UHF signals. The research is helpful to the understanding of PD, and also provides a theoretical basis for the measurement and location of HF PD,which could play a guiding role in the practical application.
High-frequency(HF) partial discharge(PD) detection technique has high sensitivity, simple structure,mature technology and so on. It researches mainly on the practical application, but there is little research on transformer signal propagation theory. In this paper, basing on finite difference time domain(FDTD) method, a computer model of a 35 kV transformer is built up,and the impact of the pulse width,amplitude,distance of the source and the transformer core on HF PD is compared. Moreover, a HF PD test is performed on a real transformer to verify the integrity of the simulation results. Simulation and experimental results show that the propagation characteristics of HF PD signals subjects to a variety of factors, and it is significantly different from UHF signals. The research is helpful to the understanding of PD, and also provides a theoretical basis for the measurement and location of HF PD,which could play a guiding role in the practical application.
引文
[1]高红武.变压器局部放电超高频信号传播特性及小波包去噪方法的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.GAO Hongwu. Study on propagation characteristics and wavelet-packet-bsed denosing of ultra-high-frequency signals of partial discharge in transformers[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University,2008.
[2]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志,等.GIS局部放电超高频检测法有关问题的仿真研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(7):37-40.HUANG Xingquan, KANG Shuying, LI Hongzhi, et al.Research on ultra-high-frequency method for detection of partial discharge in GIS[J]. Power System Technology, 2006,30(7):37-40.
[3]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志,等.GIS局部放电超高频电磁波的传播特性研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(10):32-35.HUANG Xingquan, KANG Shuying, LI Hongzhi, et al.Simulation study on the characteristics of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave in GIS[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(10):32-35.
[4]孟延辉,唐炬,许中荣,等.变压器局部放电超高频信号传播特性仿真分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(5):70-74.MENG Yanhui,TANG Ju, XU Zhongrong, et al. Simulation analysis of UHF signal propagation characteristics of transformer partial discharge[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition), 2007,30(5):70-74.
[5]常文治,唐志国,李成榕,等.变压器局部放电UHF信号传播特性的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1629-1634.CHANG Wenzhi,TANG Zhiguo,LI Chengrong,et al. Simulation analysis of PD UHF signal propagation in transformers[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(7):1629-1634.
[6]彭超,雷清泉.局部放电超高频信号时频特性与传播距离的关系[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):348-353.PENG Chao, LEI Qingquan. Relationship between characteristic in time and frequency domain of partial dischargeultra-high frequency signals and the radiation distance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):348-353.
[7]李信,李成榕,李亚莎,等.有限时域差分法对GIS局部放电传播的分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(17):150-155.LI Xin, LI Chengrong, LI Yasha, et al. Analysis on partial discharge in GIS by FDTD method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(17):150-155.
[8]路俊勇,王岗,司刚全,等.基于FDTD的GIS中电磁波传播特性仿真研究与分析[J].高压电器,2015,51(6):178-182.LU Junyong,WANG Gang, SI Gangquan,et al. Simulation analysis of propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in GIS based on FDTD[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(6):178-182.
[9] YEE K S. Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell equations in isotropic media[J].IEEE Transations on Antennas Propagat,1966,AP-14(3):302-307.
[10] TAFLOVE A. Review of the formulation and applications of the finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions with arbitrary structures[J]. Wave Motion, 1998(10):547-582.
[11] KUNZ K S, LUEBBERS R J. The finite difference time domain method for electromagnetics[M]. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 1993.
[12]葛德彪.电磁波时域有限差分方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.GE Debiao. Finite difference time domain method for electromagnetic wave[M]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,2002.
[13]庞月龙.高频与脉冲电应力下局部放电检测方法的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.PANG Yuelong. Research on partial discharge detection method under the high frequency and pulse electrical stress[D]. Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[14]龚细秀.变压器局部放电高频和特高频联合监测法的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2014.GONG Xixiu. Study on the combined measuring method of HF and UHF used for monitoring PD of transformer[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2014.
[15]沈煜,阮羚,谢齐家,等.采用甚宽带脉冲电流法的变压器局部放电检测技术现场应用[J].高电压技术,2011, 37(4):937-943.SHEN Yu, RUAN Ling, XIE Jiaqi, et al. On-site application of partial discharge detection of transformer using very wide bandwidth pulse current method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):937-943.
[16]郑书生,陈金祥,李成榕,等.变压器绕组对局部放电特高频定位方法的影响[J].高电压技术,2013, 39(2):324-329.ZHENG Shusheng, CHEN Jinxiang, LI Chengrong,et al.Influence of windings on locating partial discharge in transformers by using ultra-high frequency method[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013,39(2):324-329.
[17]聂德鑫,伍志荣,罗先中,等.特高压变压器套管局部放电试验技术分析[J].高电压技术,2010, 36(6):1448-1454.NIE Dexin, WU Zhirong, LUO Xianzhong, et al. Analysis on the partial discharge test technology of LTHV transformer bushing[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010,36(6):1448-1454.
[18]李剑,程昌奎,江天炎,等.遗传算法用于局部放电小波自适应阈值去噪[J].高电压技术,2009, 35(9):2114-2119.LI Jian, CHENG Changkui, JIANG Tianyan,et al. Adaptive thresholding wavelet de-noising for PD signals using genetic algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009, 35(9):2114-2119.
[19]张文亮,张国兵.特高压变压器感应电压试验若干问题的探讨[J].高电压技术,2010, 36(8):1845-1851.ZHANG Wenliang, ZHANG Guobing. Discussion on induced voltage test for UHV transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(8):1845-1851.
[20]郑书生,李成榕,周冰.用于变压器局部放电定位的复数域牛顿迭代算法[J].高电压技术,2011, 37(8):2017-2023.ZHENG Shusheng, LI Chengrong, ZHOU Bing. Newton's method in complex field for locating partial discharge in transformers[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):2017-2023.
[21]程序,颜廷利,詹花茂,等.GIS中局部放电UHF信号传播特性研究[J].高压电器,2014,50(5):30-35.CHENG Xu, YAN Tingli, ZHAN Huamao, et al.Propagation characteristics of UHF partial discharge signals in GIS[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2014,50(5):30-35.
[22]李燕青,王飞龙,赵亮.变压器局放源定位时差求取方法研究[J].电测与仪表,2013, 50(12):69-72.LI Yanqing, WANG Feilong, ZHAO Liang. Research on method for obtaining time difference of localization of transforme PD source[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentatinn 2013,50(12):69-72.
[2]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志,等.GIS局部放电超高频检测法有关问题的仿真研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(7):37-40.HUANG Xingquan, KANG Shuying, LI Hongzhi, et al.Research on ultra-high-frequency method for detection of partial discharge in GIS[J]. Power System Technology, 2006,30(7):37-40.
[3]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志,等.GIS局部放电超高频电磁波的传播特性研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(10):32-35.HUANG Xingquan, KANG Shuying, LI Hongzhi, et al.Simulation study on the characteristics of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave in GIS[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(10):32-35.
[4]孟延辉,唐炬,许中荣,等.变压器局部放电超高频信号传播特性仿真分析[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(5):70-74.MENG Yanhui,TANG Ju, XU Zhongrong, et al. Simulation analysis of UHF signal propagation characteristics of transformer partial discharge[J]. Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science Edition), 2007,30(5):70-74.
[5]常文治,唐志国,李成榕,等.变压器局部放电UHF信号传播特性的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(7):1629-1634.CHANG Wenzhi,TANG Zhiguo,LI Chengrong,et al. Simulation analysis of PD UHF signal propagation in transformers[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(7):1629-1634.
[6]彭超,雷清泉.局部放电超高频信号时频特性与传播距离的关系[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):348-353.PENG Chao, LEI Qingquan. Relationship between characteristic in time and frequency domain of partial dischargeultra-high frequency signals and the radiation distance[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):348-353.
[7]李信,李成榕,李亚莎,等.有限时域差分法对GIS局部放电传播的分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(17):150-155.LI Xin, LI Chengrong, LI Yasha, et al. Analysis on partial discharge in GIS by FDTD method[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(17):150-155.
[8]路俊勇,王岗,司刚全,等.基于FDTD的GIS中电磁波传播特性仿真研究与分析[J].高压电器,2015,51(6):178-182.LU Junyong,WANG Gang, SI Gangquan,et al. Simulation analysis of propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave in GIS based on FDTD[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(6):178-182.
[9] YEE K S. Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell equations in isotropic media[J].IEEE Transations on Antennas Propagat,1966,AP-14(3):302-307.
[10] TAFLOVE A. Review of the formulation and applications of the finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions with arbitrary structures[J]. Wave Motion, 1998(10):547-582.
[11] KUNZ K S, LUEBBERS R J. The finite difference time domain method for electromagnetics[M]. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 1993.
[12]葛德彪.电磁波时域有限差分方法[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.GE Debiao. Finite difference time domain method for electromagnetic wave[M]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,2002.
[13]庞月龙.高频与脉冲电应力下局部放电检测方法的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.PANG Yuelong. Research on partial discharge detection method under the high frequency and pulse electrical stress[D]. Jinan:Shandong University,2014.
[14]龚细秀.变压器局部放电高频和特高频联合监测法的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2014.GONG Xixiu. Study on the combined measuring method of HF and UHF used for monitoring PD of transformer[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University, 2014.
[15]沈煜,阮羚,谢齐家,等.采用甚宽带脉冲电流法的变压器局部放电检测技术现场应用[J].高电压技术,2011, 37(4):937-943.SHEN Yu, RUAN Ling, XIE Jiaqi, et al. On-site application of partial discharge detection of transformer using very wide bandwidth pulse current method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(4):937-943.
[16]郑书生,陈金祥,李成榕,等.变压器绕组对局部放电特高频定位方法的影响[J].高电压技术,2013, 39(2):324-329.ZHENG Shusheng, CHEN Jinxiang, LI Chengrong,et al.Influence of windings on locating partial discharge in transformers by using ultra-high frequency method[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013,39(2):324-329.
[17]聂德鑫,伍志荣,罗先中,等.特高压变压器套管局部放电试验技术分析[J].高电压技术,2010, 36(6):1448-1454.NIE Dexin, WU Zhirong, LUO Xianzhong, et al. Analysis on the partial discharge test technology of LTHV transformer bushing[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2010,36(6):1448-1454.
[18]李剑,程昌奎,江天炎,等.遗传算法用于局部放电小波自适应阈值去噪[J].高电压技术,2009, 35(9):2114-2119.LI Jian, CHENG Changkui, JIANG Tianyan,et al. Adaptive thresholding wavelet de-noising for PD signals using genetic algorithm[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2009, 35(9):2114-2119.
[19]张文亮,张国兵.特高压变压器感应电压试验若干问题的探讨[J].高电压技术,2010, 36(8):1845-1851.ZHANG Wenliang, ZHANG Guobing. Discussion on induced voltage test for UHV transformer[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(8):1845-1851.
[20]郑书生,李成榕,周冰.用于变压器局部放电定位的复数域牛顿迭代算法[J].高电压技术,2011, 37(8):2017-2023.ZHENG Shusheng, LI Chengrong, ZHOU Bing. Newton's method in complex field for locating partial discharge in transformers[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(8):2017-2023.
[21]程序,颜廷利,詹花茂,等.GIS中局部放电UHF信号传播特性研究[J].高压电器,2014,50(5):30-35.CHENG Xu, YAN Tingli, ZHAN Huamao, et al.Propagation characteristics of UHF partial discharge signals in GIS[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2014,50(5):30-35.
[22]李燕青,王飞龙,赵亮.变压器局放源定位时差求取方法研究[J].电测与仪表,2013, 50(12):69-72.LI Yanqing, WANG Feilong, ZHAO Liang. Research on method for obtaining time difference of localization of transforme PD source[J]. Electrical Measurement&Instrumentatinn 2013,50(12):69-72.
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