新疆水汽研究若干进展
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摘要
总结归纳1960 s来新疆水汽研究领域的主要成果,从气候平均讲,新疆水汽主要来自其以西中高纬地中海、里海、黑海、大西洋和北冰洋,冬、春季水汽来自地中海和里海,夏季来自北大西洋和北冰洋,秋季来自黑海和里海;春、夏、冬季降水异常偏多则表现为高、副热带/低纬向中亚区域水汽输送增强然后随西风气流向新疆水汽输送增强,但以由副热带/低纬向中亚区域水汽输送增强为主。1987年夏季降水年代际增多则由于印度洋向中亚和新疆水汽输送年代际增强,同时东亚太平洋型遥相关波列(EAP)的强度年代际加强和向西偏移使得西北太平洋向我国内陆地区的异常水汽输送显著增强,而1987年冬季降水年代际增多则主要由于中高纬水汽向新疆地区输送增加。暴雨过程水汽主要为西风、偏南和偏东输送路径,暴雪过程水汽主要以中纬西风和副热带/低纬向中亚的西南路径为主,短时强降水过程则表现为局地水汽快速聚集。提出了进一步研究问题:新疆大气水分循环系统物理过程认识不足,应用数值模式、轨迹分析方法等开展新疆地区暴雨/雪过程水汽源汇结构、接力输送机制以及主要水汽源地和多尺度汇流通道对降水贡献率等研究不够,卫星、多普勒天气雷达、GPS/met水汽探测仪、微波辐射计等多源探测手段在新疆降水天气监测预警中应用薄弱。这些问题的研究对推进新疆天气预报技术的发展和水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。
The main study progress on water vapor in Xinjiang are summarized since 1 960 s. The results show that the major vapor comes from the Caspian Sea,the Black Sea,Mediterranean,the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea to the west side of Xinjiang. The Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in winter and spring,the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in summer,and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in Autumn,respectively. During the seasons with abundant precipitation,more water vapor transportation along westerly over middle Asia comes from Arctic Ocean and sub-tropical/tropical zone,but mainly from the sub-tropical/tropical water vapor transportation. It exits water vapor transportation anomaly from tropical India Ocean/mid-high to the mid-Asia and Xinjiang during the summer/winter rainfall interdecadal increasing after 1987. At the meantime,the intensified and westward East Asi-an Pacific teleconnection( EAP) along the East Asian coast made great contribution to the increase of Xinxiang summer rainfall. The mainly pathways of water vapor transport related to heavy rainfall processes are the water vapor from the west along westerly,the south from Tibetan Plateau and the east by LLEJ from Baikal Lake,but the mainly water vapor comes from the westerly and sub-tropical/tropical southwesterly. Water vapor during the shorttime strong rainfall fastly comes from the local water vapor convergence. Some problems remaining to be resolved are pointed out as follows: there have insufficient understanding about the impact of climate change on atmospheric water circulation system in Xinjiang and it's the physical process,the study on the water vapor source/sink structure of rainstorm/snowstorm,relay transmission mechanism,the main water vapor source and the multi-scale pathway's contribution on the rate of precipitation by applying the numerical model,the trajectory analysis method in Xinjiang region was not enough. The application of multiple detection means of water vapor,such as satellite,Doppler weather radar,GPS/met moisture detector and microwave radiometer,is weak in monitoring and early warning of strong convective weather in Xinjiang. To solve the above-mentioned problems,it is very important for improving the weather forecast development in Xinjiang,the accuracy of strong convective forecasting and warning and the sustainable utilization of water resources.
The main study progress on water vapor in Xinjiang are summarized since 1 960 s. The results show that the major vapor comes from the Caspian Sea,the Black Sea,Mediterranean,the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea to the west side of Xinjiang. The Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in winter and spring,the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in summer,and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in Autumn,respectively. During the seasons with abundant precipitation,more water vapor transportation along westerly over middle Asia comes from Arctic Ocean and sub-tropical/tropical zone,but mainly from the sub-tropical/tropical water vapor transportation. It exits water vapor transportation anomaly from tropical India Ocean/mid-high to the mid-Asia and Xinjiang during the summer/winter rainfall interdecadal increasing after 1987. At the meantime,the intensified and westward East Asi-an Pacific teleconnection( EAP) along the East Asian coast made great contribution to the increase of Xinxiang summer rainfall. The mainly pathways of water vapor transport related to heavy rainfall processes are the water vapor from the west along westerly,the south from Tibetan Plateau and the east by LLEJ from Baikal Lake,but the mainly water vapor comes from the westerly and sub-tropical/tropical southwesterly. Water vapor during the shorttime strong rainfall fastly comes from the local water vapor convergence. Some problems remaining to be resolved are pointed out as follows: there have insufficient understanding about the impact of climate change on atmospheric water circulation system in Xinjiang and it's the physical process,the study on the water vapor source/sink structure of rainstorm/snowstorm,relay transmission mechanism,the main water vapor source and the multi-scale pathway's contribution on the rate of precipitation by applying the numerical model,the trajectory analysis method in Xinjiang region was not enough. The application of multiple detection means of water vapor,such as satellite,Doppler weather radar,GPS/met moisture detector and microwave radiometer,is weak in monitoring and early warning of strong convective weather in Xinjiang. To solve the above-mentioned problems,it is very important for improving the weather forecast development in Xinjiang,the accuracy of strong convective forecasting and warning and the sustainable utilization of water resources.
引文
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