白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态结构的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究白酒糟酵母培养物(DGYC)对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠道形态结构的影响,以确定肉仔鸡饲粮中DGYC的适宜添加水平。选取525只1日龄健康的爱拔益加肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5个组,每组7个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.25%、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%的DGYC。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.00%DGYC提高了肉仔鸡生长后期(22～42日龄)平均日增重(0.05≤P<0.10),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05),且均随DGYC添加水平提高呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.25%DGYC显著降低了肉仔鸡21日龄腹脂率(P<0.05),显著提高了42日龄腿肌率(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%和1.00%DGYC有降低肉仔鸡42日龄胸肌滴水损失的趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)饲粮添加DGYC线性提高了肉仔鸡21和42日龄血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05);饲粮添加DGYC二次性提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清GSH-Px活性以及42日龄血清SOD活性和T-AOC (P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清GSH-Px活性(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%、1.00%和2.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡21日龄血清SOD活性(P<0.05),显著提高了肉仔鸡21和42日龄血清T-AOC(P<0.05);饲粮添加0.50%和1.00%DGYC显著提高了肉仔鸡42日龄血清SOD活性(P<0.05)。4) 1.00%DGYC添加组肉仔鸡21日龄空肠绒毛高度和42日龄绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且均随DGYC添加水平提高呈二次性升高(P <0.05)。5)肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和空肠形态结构随DGYC添加水平升高存在二次曲线效应。二次曲线拟合结果表明,DGYC添加水平为0.9%～1.1%时,空肠形态结构最佳;添加水平为1.1%～1.2%时,生长性能和血清抗氧化能力最佳。由此可见,饲粮添加DGYC能提高肉仔鸡血清抗氧化能力,改善空肠黏膜形态结构,从而改善生长性能。以肉仔鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肠黏膜形态结构为判断指标,推荐肉仔鸡基础饲粮中DGYC添加水平为0.9%～1.2%。
The experiment was to investigate the effects of yeast culture using distiller's grains( DGYC) on growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 525 one-dayold Arbor Acres( AA) male broilers were randomly allotted into 5 groups with 7 replicates of 15 birds each.The chicks in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25%,0.50%,1.00% and 2.00% DGYC,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary 1.00% DGYC increased the average daily gain of broilers during later growth period( 22 to 42 days of age)( 0.05≤P<0.10),significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain of broilers( P<0.05),and dietary DGYC had a quadratic effect on both above indices( P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group,dietary 0.25% DGYC significantly decreased the abdominal fat rate of broilers at 21 days of age( P< 0. 05),and significantly increased the leg muscle rate of broilers at 42 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50% and 1.00% DGYC tended to decreased the drip loss in breast muscle of broilers at 42 days of age( 0.05≤P<0.10). 3) Dietary DGYC linearly improved the activitiesof glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity( TAOC)in serum of broilers at both 21 and 42 days of age( P<0.05),and had a quadratic effect on the serum GSH-Px activity of broilers at 21 days of age and the SOD activity and T-AOC in serum of broilers at 42 days of age( P<0.05). Compared with the control group,dietary 1.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum GSH-Px activity of broilers at 21 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50%,1.00% and 2.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum SOD activity of broilers at 21 days of age( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum T-AOC of broilers at both 21 and 42 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50% and 1.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum SOD activity of broilers at 42 days of age( P< 0.05). 4) The villus height at 21 days of age and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at 42 days of age in jejunum of broilers in 1.00% DGYC supplementation group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05),and all of them increased quadratically with DGYC supplemental level increasing( P<0.05). 5) Dietary DGYC caused quadratic effects on growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and jejunum morphology of broilers. The predicted optimal DGYC supplemental level for the best jejunum morphology was 0.9% to 1.1%,and for the best growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity was 1.1% to 1.2%. These results indicate that dietary DGYC can increase serum antioxidant capacity,improve morphology of jejunal mucosa,and enhance the growth performance of broilers. Based on the growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and intestinal mucosal morphology of broilers,the DGYC supplemental level in the basal diet for broilers is recommended to be 0.9% to 1.2%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2357-2366]
The experiment was to investigate the effects of yeast culture using distiller's grains( DGYC) on growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and intestinal morphology of broilers. A total of 525 one-dayold Arbor Acres( AA) male broilers were randomly allotted into 5 groups with 7 replicates of 15 birds each.The chicks in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.25%,0.50%,1.00% and 2.00% DGYC,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group,dietary 1.00% DGYC increased the average daily gain of broilers during later growth period( 22 to 42 days of age)( 0.05≤P<0.10),significantly decreased the ratio of feed to gain of broilers( P<0.05),and dietary DGYC had a quadratic effect on both above indices( P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group,dietary 0.25% DGYC significantly decreased the abdominal fat rate of broilers at 21 days of age( P< 0. 05),and significantly increased the leg muscle rate of broilers at 42 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50% and 1.00% DGYC tended to decreased the drip loss in breast muscle of broilers at 42 days of age( 0.05≤P<0.10). 3) Dietary DGYC linearly improved the activitiesof glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) and the total antioxidant capacity( TAOC)in serum of broilers at both 21 and 42 days of age( P<0.05),and had a quadratic effect on the serum GSH-Px activity of broilers at 21 days of age and the SOD activity and T-AOC in serum of broilers at 42 days of age( P<0.05). Compared with the control group,dietary 1.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum GSH-Px activity of broilers at 21 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50%,1.00% and 2.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum SOD activity of broilers at 21 days of age( P<0.05),and significantly increased the serum T-AOC of broilers at both 21 and 42 days of age( P<0.05); dietary 0.50% and 1.00% DGYC significantly increased the serum SOD activity of broilers at 42 days of age( P< 0.05). 4) The villus height at 21 days of age and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at 42 days of age in jejunum of broilers in 1.00% DGYC supplementation group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P<0.05),and all of them increased quadratically with DGYC supplemental level increasing( P<0.05). 5) Dietary DGYC caused quadratic effects on growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and jejunum morphology of broilers. The predicted optimal DGYC supplemental level for the best jejunum morphology was 0.9% to 1.1%,and for the best growth performance and serum antioxidant capacity was 1.1% to 1.2%. These results indicate that dietary DGYC can increase serum antioxidant capacity,improve morphology of jejunal mucosa,and enhance the growth performance of broilers. Based on the growth performance,serum antioxidant indices and intestinal mucosal morphology of broilers,the DGYC supplemental level in the basal diet for broilers is recommended to be 0.9% to 1.2%.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2357-2366]
引文
[1] TRIPATHI M K,KARIM S A.Effect of individual and mixed live yeast culture feeding on grow th performance,nutrient utilization and microbial crude protein synthesis in lambs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,155(2/3/4):163-171.
[2]张海军,齐广海,武书庚.酵母培养物在家禽中的应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(11):42-45.
[3] GAO J,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions[J]. Poultry Science,2008,87(7):1377-1384.
[4]肖曼.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质利用率及肠道相关指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.湛江:广东海洋大学,2013.
[5] GAO J,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged w ith Eimeria tenella[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(10):2141-2151.
[6]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,30(1):274-283.
[7]齐博.β-丙氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、肌肉品质和肌源活性肽的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[8]张嘉琦,秦玉昌,李军国,等.酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及鸡蛋卫生指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(9):3331-3340.
[9] BRADLEY G L,SAVAGE T F,TIMM K I. The effects of supplementing diets w ith Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on male poult performance and ileal morphology[J]. Poultry Science,1994,73(11):1766-1770.
[10]于素红,魏涛,初雷,等.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):23-27.
[11]钱利纯,孙建义,许梓荣.酶制剂对肉鸡胴体组成和钙磷代谢的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2000,26(6):657-660.
[12] MENDONCA C X,TAKAHASHI K,Jr,JENSEN L S. Effect of fractions of fish meal and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks[J].Poultry Science,1984,63(5):1020-1026.
[13] TAKAHASHI K,JENSEN L S.Effect of dietary composition and estradiol implants on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase and lipid deposition in grow ing chicks[J].Poultry Science,1984,63(5):2217-2224.
[14] BOLDE S L,JENSEN L S.The effect of marginal levels of calcium,fish meal,torula yeast and alfalfa meal on feed intake,hepatic lipid accumulation,plasma estradiol,and egg shell quality among laying hens[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(5):937-946.
[15] BRENES A,JENSEN L S,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Dietary effects on content of hepatic lipid,plasma minerals,and tissue ascorbic acid in hens and estrogenized chicks[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(5):947-954.
[16]路则庆,熊海涛,宋德广,等.大麦-高粱型饲粮中添加酵母培养物对肥育猪生长性能及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1160-1167.
[17]郭小华,刘明,杨凤娟,等.日粮中添加酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1673-1679.
[18] ZHANG A W,LEE B D,LEE S K,et al. Effects of yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)cell components on grow th performance,meat quality,and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks[J]. Poultry Science,2005,84(7):1015-1021.
[19] SIMS M D,DAWSON K A,NEWMAN K E.Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide bacitracin methylene disalicylate,or both on the live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,2004,83(7):1148-1154.
[20] NEWMAN K E,SPRING P,SNITZER S. Effect of thermal treatment on the ability of mannan oligisaccharide to absorb enteric bacteria[J].Animal Science,1995,73(1):325-329.
[21] TSIAOALI E,WHALEY S,KALBFLEISCH J,et al.Glucans exhibit w eak antioxidant activity,but stimulate macrophage free radical activity[J]. Free Radical Biology and M edicine,2001,30(4):393-402.
[22]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.白酒糟酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、免疫机能和肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):890-897.
[23] SANTIN E,MAIORKA A,MACARI M,et al. Performance and intestinal mucosa development of broiler chickens fed diets containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell w all[J]. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2001,10(3):236-244.
[2]张海军,齐广海,武书庚.酵母培养物在家禽中的应用[J].饲料工业,2006,27(11):42-45.
[3] GAO J,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions[J]. Poultry Science,2008,87(7):1377-1384.
[4]肖曼.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生产性能、营养物质利用率及肠道相关指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.湛江:广东海洋大学,2013.
[5] GAO J,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged w ith Eimeria tenella[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(10):2141-2151.
[6]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,30(1):274-283.
[7]齐博.β-丙氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、肌肉品质和肌源活性肽的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[8]张嘉琦,秦玉昌,李军国,等.酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及鸡蛋卫生指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(9):3331-3340.
[9] BRADLEY G L,SAVAGE T F,TIMM K I. The effects of supplementing diets w ith Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on male poult performance and ileal morphology[J]. Poultry Science,1994,73(11):1766-1770.
[10]于素红,魏涛,初雷,等.酵母培养物对肉仔鸡屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(4):23-27.
[11]钱利纯,孙建义,许梓荣.酶制剂对肉鸡胴体组成和钙磷代谢的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2000,26(6):657-660.
[12] MENDONCA C X,TAKAHASHI K,Jr,JENSEN L S. Effect of fractions of fish meal and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks[J].Poultry Science,1984,63(5):1020-1026.
[13] TAKAHASHI K,JENSEN L S.Effect of dietary composition and estradiol implants on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase and lipid deposition in grow ing chicks[J].Poultry Science,1984,63(5):2217-2224.
[14] BOLDE S L,JENSEN L S.The effect of marginal levels of calcium,fish meal,torula yeast and alfalfa meal on feed intake,hepatic lipid accumulation,plasma estradiol,and egg shell quality among laying hens[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(5):937-946.
[15] BRENES A,JENSEN L S,TAKAHASHI K,et al.Dietary effects on content of hepatic lipid,plasma minerals,and tissue ascorbic acid in hens and estrogenized chicks[J].Poultry Science,1985,64(5):947-954.
[16]路则庆,熊海涛,宋德广,等.大麦-高粱型饲粮中添加酵母培养物对肥育猪生长性能及肉品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):1160-1167.
[17]郭小华,刘明,杨凤娟,等.日粮中添加酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(6):1673-1679.
[18] ZHANG A W,LEE B D,LEE S K,et al. Effects of yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)cell components on grow th performance,meat quality,and ileal mucosa development of broiler chicks[J]. Poultry Science,2005,84(7):1015-1021.
[19] SIMS M D,DAWSON K A,NEWMAN K E.Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide bacitracin methylene disalicylate,or both on the live performance and intestinal microbiology of turkeys[J]. Poultry Science,2004,83(7):1148-1154.
[20] NEWMAN K E,SPRING P,SNITZER S. Effect of thermal treatment on the ability of mannan oligisaccharide to absorb enteric bacteria[J].Animal Science,1995,73(1):325-329.
[21] TSIAOALI E,WHALEY S,KALBFLEISCH J,et al.Glucans exhibit w eak antioxidant activity,but stimulate macrophage free radical activity[J]. Free Radical Biology and M edicine,2001,30(4):393-402.
[22]马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.白酒糟酵母培养物对产蛋鸡生产性能、免疫机能和肠黏膜结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):890-897.
[23] SANTIN E,MAIORKA A,MACARI M,et al. Performance and intestinal mucosa development of broiler chickens fed diets containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell w all[J]. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2001,10(3):236-244.