加压状态下慢速下坡步行的生理负荷与增肌效果研究
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摘要
目的:将两种被认为相对负荷较小的加压训练与下坡步行运动进行组合,探讨其生理负担和增肌效果,以期为体弱人群进行安全、易行、高效的增肌运动提供参考。方法:以14名健康青年男性为实验对象,观察其在下肢加压(40 mmHg捆绑压力,240mmHg气压压力)和不加压条件下进行速度为3 km/h,坡度为–16%,持续时间为10 min的步行运动时,表面肌电、心率、主观疲劳度、下肢肿胀度以及部分血液生化指标的变化。在此基础上,将14名实验对象随机分成2组,观察其在上述负荷条件下,两周内共完成10次下坡步行运动后,加压(40 mmHg捆绑压力,240 mmHg气压压力)和不加压条件下下肢围度和体成分变化的差异。结果:1)下坡步行时,加压条件下下肢蹬伸动作主动肌的积分肌电值(iEMG)显著放大,快肌纤维参与度显著提高(P<0.05);2)一次下坡步行后,加压条件下下肢围度的变化显著大于不加压(P<0.05),肿胀效应更加显著;3)10次下坡步行运动后,加压组的肌肉量、下肢围度均显著提高(P<0.05),不加压组则无显著变化(P>0.05);4)在加压下坡步行运动过程中,平均心率为83 bpm,主观疲劳度平均值为10.3,受试者可以比较轻松地完成这种运动;5)加压下坡步行运动后,肌酸激酶无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论:加压下坡步行运动对心血管系统的负担较小,受试者感觉轻松,且未发现肌肉损伤,比较适合体弱人群在较短时间内迅速提高肌肉量的有效运动方式。
Objective:Through combining two low-load types of KAATSU training with downhill walking exercises, this study explores their physiological burden and muscle-building effects,and provides safe, easy and ef?cient muscle-enhancing exercise for the in?rm population. Methods:14 healthy young men were recruited as experimental subjects to perform walking exercise with lower limb pressure(40 mmHg binding pressure, 240 mmHg pressure) and no-KAATSU condition at a speed of 3 km/h, a slope of-16%, and a duration of 10 min. Their surface electromyography, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, swelling of the lower extremities and changes in some blood biochemical indicators during walking exercise were observed. On this basis, 14 experimental subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Under the above-mentioned load conditions, the subjects completed 10 times downhill walking exercises within two weeks. The differences in the circumference and body composition of the lower limb under the KAATSU(40 mmHg binding pressure, 240 mmHg pneumatic pressure) and no-KAATSU were observed. Results:1) during downhill walking exercise, the integral myoelectric value(iEMG) of the active muscle of the lower extremity was signi?cantly enlarged under KAATSU, and the participation of fast muscle ?ber was signi?cantly improved; 2) after a downhill walking exercise,the change of the lower limb circumference in KAATSU condition was signi?cantly greater than that in no-KAATSU condition, and the swelling effect was more signi?cant; 3) after 10 times downhill walking exercises, there was no signi?cant change at the control group, and the KAATSU group was signi?cantly improved on both the muscle mass and the lower limb circumference, 4) during the KAATSU downhill walking exercise, the average heart rate of subjects was83 bpm, and their rating of perceived exertion average was 10.3, and they could complete the exercise relatively easily; 5) after the KAATSU downhill walking exercise, the re?ection on creatine kinase didn't change signi?cantly(P> 0.05). Conclusion:The KAATSU downhill walking exercise had small burden on the cardiovascular system. The subject felt relaxed, and no muscle damage was found. It is an effective exercise that is suitable for the weak people to rapidly increase the muscle mass in a short time.
Objective:Through combining two low-load types of KAATSU training with downhill walking exercises, this study explores their physiological burden and muscle-building effects,and provides safe, easy and ef?cient muscle-enhancing exercise for the in?rm population. Methods:14 healthy young men were recruited as experimental subjects to perform walking exercise with lower limb pressure(40 mmHg binding pressure, 240 mmHg pressure) and no-KAATSU condition at a speed of 3 km/h, a slope of-16%, and a duration of 10 min. Their surface electromyography, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, swelling of the lower extremities and changes in some blood biochemical indicators during walking exercise were observed. On this basis, 14 experimental subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Under the above-mentioned load conditions, the subjects completed 10 times downhill walking exercises within two weeks. The differences in the circumference and body composition of the lower limb under the KAATSU(40 mmHg binding pressure, 240 mmHg pneumatic pressure) and no-KAATSU were observed. Results:1) during downhill walking exercise, the integral myoelectric value(iEMG) of the active muscle of the lower extremity was signi?cantly enlarged under KAATSU, and the participation of fast muscle ?ber was signi?cantly improved; 2) after a downhill walking exercise,the change of the lower limb circumference in KAATSU condition was signi?cantly greater than that in no-KAATSU condition, and the swelling effect was more signi?cant; 3) after 10 times downhill walking exercises, there was no signi?cant change at the control group, and the KAATSU group was signi?cantly improved on both the muscle mass and the lower limb circumference, 4) during the KAATSU downhill walking exercise, the average heart rate of subjects was83 bpm, and their rating of perceived exertion average was 10.3, and they could complete the exercise relatively easily; 5) after the KAATSU downhill walking exercise, the re?ection on creatine kinase didn't change signi?cantly(P> 0.05). Conclusion:The KAATSU downhill walking exercise had small burden on the cardiovascular system. The subject felt relaxed, and no muscle damage was found. It is an effective exercise that is suitable for the weak people to rapidly increase the muscle mass in a short time.
引文
邱烈峰,2015.运动对肌卫星细胞的影响及其机制研究进展[J].信阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,(3):463-468.
许豪文,1987.肌酸激酶和运动员的机能评定[J].中国运动医学杂志,6(3):164.
张培,2016.慢性心力衰竭并发肌少症的研究进展[J].心血管病学进展,37(3):275-278.
ABE T,KEARNS C F,SATO Y,2006.Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood?ow from the leg muscle,Kaatsu-walk training[J].J Appl Physiol,100(5):1460.
CAI Z Y,CHEN W C,WU C M,2018.Acute effects of whole body vibration combined with blood restriction on electromyography amplitude and hormonal responses[J].Biol Sport,35(3):301-307.
CHARGE S B P,2004.Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration[J].Physiolog Rev,84(1):209-238.
CURTY V M,MELO A B,CALDAS L C,et al,2017.Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload[J].Clinical Physiol Functional Imaging.
DENNY-BROWN D,PENNYBACKER J B,1938.Fibrillation and fasciculation in voluntary muscle[J].Brain,61(3):311-312.
EHRMAN J K,DEJON A,SANDERSON B,et al,2010.ACSM’s resourse manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription[M].6th Edition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins:332-348.
FUJITA S,ABE T,DRUMMOND M J,et al,2007.Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis[J].J Appl Physiol,103(3):903.
GARBER C E,BLISSMER B,DESCHENES M R,et al,2011.Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory,musculoskeletal,and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults:Guidance for prescribing exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,43.
GOLDSPINK G,1999.Changes in muscle mass and phenotype and the expression of autocrine and systemic growth factors by muscle in response to stretch and overload[J].J Anatomy,194(3):12.
HENNEMAN E,SOMJEN G,CARPENTER D O,1965.Functional signi?cance of cell size in spinal motoneurons[J].J Neurophysiol,28(3):560-580.
LOENNEKE J P,THROWER A D,BALAPUR A,et al,2011.The energy requirements of walking with restricted blood?ow[J].Sport Sci,4(2):7-11.
LOENNEKE J P,THIEBAUD R S,ABE T,et al,2014.Blood flow restriction pressure recommendations:The hormesis hypothesis[J].Med Hypotheses,82(5):623-626.
MALAVOLTI M,MUSSI C,POLI M,et al,2003.Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in healthy subjects aged 21-82 years[J].Ann Human Biol,30(4):12.
MANIMMANAKORN A,MANIMMANAKORN N,TAYLOR R,et al,2013.Effects of resistance training combined with vascular occlusion or hypoxia on neuromuscular function in athletes[J].Eur JAppl Physiol,113(7):1767-1774.
SIELJACKS P,MATZON A,WERNBOM M,et al,2015.Muscle damage and repeated bout effect following blood?ow restricted exercise[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,116(3):1-13.
SMITH R C,RUTHERFORD O M,1995.The role of metabolites in strength training[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,71(4):332-336.
TAKARADA Y,NAKAMURA Y,ARUGA S,et al,2000a.Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion[J].J Appl Physiol,88(1):61-65.
TAKARADA Y,TAKAZAWA H,SATO Y,et al,2000b.Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans[J].J Appl Physiol,88(6):2097.
YASUDA T,BRECHUE W F,FUJITA T,et al,2009.Muscle activation during low-intensity muscle contractions with restricted blood?ow[J].J Sports Sci,27(5):479-489.
WILKINSON S B,TARNOPOLSKY M A,GRANT E J,et al,2006.Hypertrophy with unilateral resistance exercise occurs without increases in endogenous anabolic hormone concentration[J].Eur JAppl Physiol,98(6):546-555.
许豪文,1987.肌酸激酶和运动员的机能评定[J].中国运动医学杂志,6(3):164.
张培,2016.慢性心力衰竭并发肌少症的研究进展[J].心血管病学进展,37(3):275-278.
ABE T,KEARNS C F,SATO Y,2006.Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood?ow from the leg muscle,Kaatsu-walk training[J].J Appl Physiol,100(5):1460.
CAI Z Y,CHEN W C,WU C M,2018.Acute effects of whole body vibration combined with blood restriction on electromyography amplitude and hormonal responses[J].Biol Sport,35(3):301-307.
CHARGE S B P,2004.Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration[J].Physiolog Rev,84(1):209-238.
CURTY V M,MELO A B,CALDAS L C,et al,2017.Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload[J].Clinical Physiol Functional Imaging.
DENNY-BROWN D,PENNYBACKER J B,1938.Fibrillation and fasciculation in voluntary muscle[J].Brain,61(3):311-312.
EHRMAN J K,DEJON A,SANDERSON B,et al,2010.ACSM’s resourse manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription[M].6th Edition.Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins:332-348.
FUJITA S,ABE T,DRUMMOND M J,et al,2007.Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis[J].J Appl Physiol,103(3):903.
GARBER C E,BLISSMER B,DESCHENES M R,et al,2011.Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory,musculoskeletal,and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults:Guidance for prescribing exercise[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,43.
GOLDSPINK G,1999.Changes in muscle mass and phenotype and the expression of autocrine and systemic growth factors by muscle in response to stretch and overload[J].J Anatomy,194(3):12.
HENNEMAN E,SOMJEN G,CARPENTER D O,1965.Functional signi?cance of cell size in spinal motoneurons[J].J Neurophysiol,28(3):560-580.
LOENNEKE J P,THROWER A D,BALAPUR A,et al,2011.The energy requirements of walking with restricted blood?ow[J].Sport Sci,4(2):7-11.
LOENNEKE J P,THIEBAUD R S,ABE T,et al,2014.Blood flow restriction pressure recommendations:The hormesis hypothesis[J].Med Hypotheses,82(5):623-626.
MALAVOLTI M,MUSSI C,POLI M,et al,2003.Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in healthy subjects aged 21-82 years[J].Ann Human Biol,30(4):12.
MANIMMANAKORN A,MANIMMANAKORN N,TAYLOR R,et al,2013.Effects of resistance training combined with vascular occlusion or hypoxia on neuromuscular function in athletes[J].Eur JAppl Physiol,113(7):1767-1774.
SIELJACKS P,MATZON A,WERNBOM M,et al,2015.Muscle damage and repeated bout effect following blood?ow restricted exercise[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,116(3):1-13.
SMITH R C,RUTHERFORD O M,1995.The role of metabolites in strength training[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,71(4):332-336.
TAKARADA Y,NAKAMURA Y,ARUGA S,et al,2000a.Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion[J].J Appl Physiol,88(1):61-65.
TAKARADA Y,TAKAZAWA H,SATO Y,et al,2000b.Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans[J].J Appl Physiol,88(6):2097.
YASUDA T,BRECHUE W F,FUJITA T,et al,2009.Muscle activation during low-intensity muscle contractions with restricted blood?ow[J].J Sports Sci,27(5):479-489.
WILKINSON S B,TARNOPOLSKY M A,GRANT E J,et al,2006.Hypertrophy with unilateral resistance exercise occurs without increases in endogenous anabolic hormone concentration[J].Eur JAppl Physiol,98(6):546-555.