低温下A~2/O-BAF反硝化除磷脱氮特性
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摘要
在11~14℃低温下,采用A~2/O-BAF系统处理低C/N生活污水,研究了污染物去除特性、反硝化除磷过程中除磷脱氮比例(ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N)以及BAF中曝气量和有效填料高度对硝化反应的影响.结果表明,在COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和PO_4~(3-)的平均进水浓度分别为193.1、58.6、60.3和5.1 mg·L~(-1)时,平均出水浓度分别为46.3、2.5、13.4和0.3 mg·L~(-1),达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级A标准.对ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N进行线性拟合,比值分布在0.47~1.75之间;运用正态分布对ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N进行数理统计,其均值为1.20,标准差0.29.BAF中曝气量为60 L·h~(-1)和100 L·h~(-1),出水NH_4~+-N浓度小于5.0 mg·L~(-1)时所需填料高度分别为1.8 m和1.0 m;继续增大BAF中曝气量为120 L·h~(-1)时,气水流冲击导致生物膜脱落,造成出水NH_4~+-N大于5.0 mg·L~(-1).
Low C/N domestic sewage was treated by an A~2/O-biological aerated filter( BAF) system at low temperatures( 11-14℃).The characteristics of pollutant removal,the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus to nitrogen( ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO—3 N) and effects of aeration flow and effective packing height on nitrification in BAF were studied. The results showed that when the average influent concentrations of COD,NH_4~+-N,TN and PO_4~(3-) were 193. 1,58. 6,60. 3 and 5. 1 mg·L~(-1) respectively,their effluent concentrations were 46. 3,2. 5,13. 4 and 0. 3 mg·L~(-1) respectively,which met the first level A criteria specified in the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant( GB 18918-2002). The linear fitting of ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N was between 0. 47 and 1. 75. The normal distribution of mathematical statistics was applied-and the average standard deviation for ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N were 1. 20 and 0. 29 respectively. When the aeration flows were 60 L·h~(-1) and 100 L·h~(-1),the effluent concentration of NH_4~+-N was less than 5. 0 mg·L~(-1),corresponding to the effective packing heights in the BAF of 1. 8 m and 1. 0 m respectively. However,when the aeration flow was increased to 120 L·h~(-1),the air-water flow led to biofilm detachment,which caused the effluent concentration of NH_4~+-N to increase beyond 5. 0 mg·L~(-1).
Low C/N domestic sewage was treated by an A~2/O-biological aerated filter( BAF) system at low temperatures( 11-14℃).The characteristics of pollutant removal,the ratio of denitrifying phosphorus to nitrogen( ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO—3 N) and effects of aeration flow and effective packing height on nitrification in BAF were studied. The results showed that when the average influent concentrations of COD,NH_4~+-N,TN and PO_4~(3-) were 193. 1,58. 6,60. 3 and 5. 1 mg·L~(-1) respectively,their effluent concentrations were 46. 3,2. 5,13. 4 and 0. 3 mg·L~(-1) respectively,which met the first level A criteria specified in the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant( GB 18918-2002). The linear fitting of ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N was between 0. 47 and 1. 75. The normal distribution of mathematical statistics was applied-and the average standard deviation for ΔPO_4~(3-)/ΔNO_3~--N were 1. 20 and 0. 29 respectively. When the aeration flows were 60 L·h~(-1) and 100 L·h~(-1),the effluent concentration of NH_4~+-N was less than 5. 0 mg·L~(-1),corresponding to the effective packing heights in the BAF of 1. 8 m and 1. 0 m respectively. However,when the aeration flow was increased to 120 L·h~(-1),the air-water flow led to biofilm detachment,which caused the effluent concentration of NH_4~+-N to increase beyond 5. 0 mg·L~(-1).
引文
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[5]端正花,潘留明,陈晓欧,等.低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1070-1074.Duan Z H,Pan L M,Chen X O,et al.Change of microbial community structure in activated sludge bulking at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1070-1074.
[6]Cheng Y Z,Peng C Y,Wang J H,et al.Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a noval anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)-Biological aerated filter[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5722-5727.
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[9]张勇,王淑莹,赵伟华,等.低温对中试AAO-BAF双污泥脱氮除磷系统的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):56-65.Zhang Y,Wang S Y,Zhao W H,et al.Effect of low temperature on pilot-scale AAO-BAF two-sludge system[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):56-65.
[10]王建华,陈永志,彭永臻.低碳氮比实际生活污水A2/OBAF工艺低温脱氮除磷[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(9):1195-1200.Wang J H,Chen Y Z,Peng Y Z.Biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater with low canben-to-nitrogen ratio in A2/O-BAF system at low temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(9):1195-1200.
[11]APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(21st ed)[M].Washington,DC:American Public Health Association,2007.
[12]南彦斌,彭永臻,曾立云,等.分段进水对改良A2/O-BAF双污泥系统反硝化除磷脱氮的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1704-1712.Nan Y B,Peng Y Z,Zeng L Y,et al.Effect of step feed on denitrifying phosphorus and nitrate removal in a modification of two sludge A2/O-BAF system[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1704-1712.
[13]金羽.温度对A2/O系统的影响特征及脱氮除磷强化技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Jin Y.Effection of temperature on the performance of an A2/O process and enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[14]Trapani D D,Mannina G,Torregrossa M,et al.Comparison between hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge system:a polit plant experiment[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,61(4):891-902.
[15]宋旭升,毕学军,吴涛.悬浮填料强化活性污泥系统硝化功能的试验研究[J].工业水处理,2011,31(4):19-22.Song X S,Bi X J,Wu T.Study on the nitrification function of enhancing the activated sludge system with suspended fillers[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2011,31(4):19-22.
[16]Winkler M,Coats E R,Brinkman C K.Advancing post-anoxic denitrification for biological nutrient removal[J].Water Research,2011,45(18):6119-6130.
[17]彭永臻,王建华,陈永志.A2/O-BAF联合工艺处理低碳氮比生活污水[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,38(4):590-595.Peng Y Z,Wang J H,Chen Y Z.Treating low carbon and nitrogen retio sewage with an A2/O-BAF system[J].Jorunal of Beijing University of Thchnology,2012,38(4):590-595.
[18]Zhang W T,Peng Y Z,Ren N Q,et al.Improvement of nutrient removal by optimizing the volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zone in AAO-BAF system[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(11):2859-2863.
[19]陈永志,彭永臻,王建华.内循环对A2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺脱氮除磷特性影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):193-198.Chen Y Z,Peng Y Z,Wang J H.Effect of internal recycle ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in A2/O-BAF Process[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):193-198.
[20]彭永臻,吕冬梅,王淑莹.进水COD及投加方式对A2/OBAF工艺反硝化聚磷的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2016,42(9):1406-1413.Peng Y Z,Lv D M,Wang S Y.Effects of feed water COD and different adding ways of COD on denitrifying phosphorus removal of A2/O-BAF Process[J].Jorunal of Beijing University of Thchnology,2016,42(9):1406-1413.
[21]何理,高大文.基于反硝化聚磷菌的颗粒污泥的培养[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):383-389.He L,Gao D W.Cultivate of granular sludge based on denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):383-389.
[22]陈永志.A2/O-BAF系统深度脱氮除磷[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.13-14.Chen Y Z.Enhance removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by A2/O-BAF system[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2012.13-14.
[23]鲍林林.反硝化聚磷菌特性与反硝化除磷工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.73-76.Bao L L.Study on the microbiological characteristics and processes of denitrifying phosphorus removal[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.73-76.
[24]吕冬梅,彭永臻,赵伟华,等.A2/O-BAF工艺反硝化聚磷效果的影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3266-3274.Lv D M,Peng Y Z,Zhao W H,et al.Factors influencing the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency of A2/O-BAF process[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3266-3274.
[25]汪林.反硝化同步除磷动力学原理及其在改善MSBR性能中的应用[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.Wang L.The dynamic principles of denitrifying simultaneous phosphorus removal and application to improving the performance of MSBR operation[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2010.
[26]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M].(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,2001.96.Sheng Z,Xie S Q,Pan C Y.Probability and mathematical statistics(3rd ed)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001.96.
[27]谢明文.关于协方差、相关系数与相关性的关系[J].数理统计与管理,2004,23(3):33-36.Xie M W.The relation of covariance,correlation coefficient and correlation[J].Mathematical Statistics and Management,2004,23(3):33-36.
[28]姚汝华,周世水.微生物工程工艺原理[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2005.149-152Yao RH,Zhou S S.Process principle of microbial engineering[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2005.149-152.
[29]孙锦宜.含氮废水处理技术与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.Sun J Y.Nitrogenous wastewater treatment technology and application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003.
[30]李东,赵世勋,关宏伟,等.常温低氨氮CANON工艺稳定性研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):102-107.Li D,Zhao S X,Guan H W,et al.Stable operation of CANON process at normal temperature and low ammonia concentration[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):102-107.
[31]Farabegoli G,Chiavola A,Rolle E.The biological aerated filter(BAF)as alternative treatment for domestic sewage.Optimization of plant performance[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,171(1-3):1126-1132.
[32]Pujol R.Process improvements for upflow submerged biofilters[J].Water Science and Technology,2002,32(1):25-29.
[2]张自杰.排水工程下册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.308-311.Zhang Z J.Drainage engineering partⅡ[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2015.308-311.
[3]Tremier A,de Guardia A,Massiani C,et al.A respirometric method for characterizing the oganic composition and biodegradation kinetics,for a mixture of sludge and bulking agent to be co-composted[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(2):169-180.
[4]贲岳,陈忠林,徐贞贞,等.低温生活污水处理系统中耐冷菌的筛选及动力学研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(11):3189-3193.Ben Y,Chen Z L,Xu Z Z,et al.Selection and kinetic mechanism of psychrotrophs in low temperature wastewater treatment[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(11):3189-3193.
[5]端正花,潘留明,陈晓欧,等.低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1070-1074.Duan Z H,Pan L M,Chen X O,et al.Change of microbial community structure in activated sludge bulking at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1070-1074.
[6]Cheng Y Z,Peng C Y,Wang J H,et al.Effect of nitrate recycling ratio on simultaneous biological nutrient removal in a noval anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)-Biological aerated filter[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5722-5727.
[7]Chen Y Z,Li B K,Ye L,et al.The combined effects of COD/N ratio and nitrate recycling ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic(A2/O)-biological aerated filter(BAF)systems[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2015,93:235-242.
[8]张为堂,薛晓飞,庞洪涛,等.碳氮比对AAO-BAF工艺运行性能的影响[J].化工学报,2015,66(5):1925-1930.Zhang W T,Xu X F,Pang H T,et al.Effect of C/N on performance of AAO-BAF process[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(5):1925-1930.
[9]张勇,王淑莹,赵伟华,等.低温对中试AAO-BAF双污泥脱氮除磷系统的影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):56-65.Zhang Y,Wang S Y,Zhao W H,et al.Effect of low temperature on pilot-scale AAO-BAF two-sludge system[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):56-65.
[10]王建华,陈永志,彭永臻.低碳氮比实际生活污水A2/OBAF工艺低温脱氮除磷[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(9):1195-1200.Wang J H,Chen Y Z,Peng Y Z.Biological nutrients removal from domestic wastewater with low canben-to-nitrogen ratio in A2/O-BAF system at low temperature[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(9):1195-1200.
[11]APHA.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(21st ed)[M].Washington,DC:American Public Health Association,2007.
[12]南彦斌,彭永臻,曾立云,等.分段进水对改良A2/O-BAF双污泥系统反硝化除磷脱氮的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1704-1712.Nan Y B,Peng Y Z,Zeng L Y,et al.Effect of step feed on denitrifying phosphorus and nitrate removal in a modification of two sludge A2/O-BAF system[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1704-1712.
[13]金羽.温度对A2/O系统的影响特征及脱氮除磷强化技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Jin Y.Effection of temperature on the performance of an A2/O process and enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[14]Trapani D D,Mannina G,Torregrossa M,et al.Comparison between hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge system:a polit plant experiment[J].Water Science and Technology,2010,61(4):891-902.
[15]宋旭升,毕学军,吴涛.悬浮填料强化活性污泥系统硝化功能的试验研究[J].工业水处理,2011,31(4):19-22.Song X S,Bi X J,Wu T.Study on the nitrification function of enhancing the activated sludge system with suspended fillers[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2011,31(4):19-22.
[16]Winkler M,Coats E R,Brinkman C K.Advancing post-anoxic denitrification for biological nutrient removal[J].Water Research,2011,45(18):6119-6130.
[17]彭永臻,王建华,陈永志.A2/O-BAF联合工艺处理低碳氮比生活污水[J].北京工业大学学报,2012,38(4):590-595.Peng Y Z,Wang J H,Chen Y Z.Treating low carbon and nitrogen retio sewage with an A2/O-BAF system[J].Jorunal of Beijing University of Thchnology,2012,38(4):590-595.
[18]Zhang W T,Peng Y Z,Ren N Q,et al.Improvement of nutrient removal by optimizing the volume ratio of anoxic to aerobic zone in AAO-BAF system[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(11):2859-2863.
[19]陈永志,彭永臻,王建华.内循环对A2/O-曝气生物滤池工艺脱氮除磷特性影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):193-198.Chen Y Z,Peng Y Z,Wang J H.Effect of internal recycle ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in A2/O-BAF Process[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):193-198.
[20]彭永臻,吕冬梅,王淑莹.进水COD及投加方式对A2/OBAF工艺反硝化聚磷的影响[J].北京工业大学学报,2016,42(9):1406-1413.Peng Y Z,Lv D M,Wang S Y.Effects of feed water COD and different adding ways of COD on denitrifying phosphorus removal of A2/O-BAF Process[J].Jorunal of Beijing University of Thchnology,2016,42(9):1406-1413.
[21]何理,高大文.基于反硝化聚磷菌的颗粒污泥的培养[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(2):383-389.He L,Gao D W.Cultivate of granular sludge based on denitrifying phosphate accumulating bacteria[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(2):383-389.
[22]陈永志.A2/O-BAF系统深度脱氮除磷[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.13-14.Chen Y Z.Enhance removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by A2/O-BAF system[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2012.13-14.
[23]鲍林林.反硝化聚磷菌特性与反硝化除磷工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.73-76.Bao L L.Study on the microbiological characteristics and processes of denitrifying phosphorus removal[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.73-76.
[24]吕冬梅,彭永臻,赵伟华,等.A2/O-BAF工艺反硝化聚磷效果的影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(11):3266-3274.Lv D M,Peng Y Z,Zhao W H,et al.Factors influencing the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency of A2/O-BAF process[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(11):3266-3274.
[25]汪林.反硝化同步除磷动力学原理及其在改善MSBR性能中的应用[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.Wang L.The dynamic principles of denitrifying simultaneous phosphorus removal and application to improving the performance of MSBR operation[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2010.
[26]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M].(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,2001.96.Sheng Z,Xie S Q,Pan C Y.Probability and mathematical statistics(3rd ed)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001.96.
[27]谢明文.关于协方差、相关系数与相关性的关系[J].数理统计与管理,2004,23(3):33-36.Xie M W.The relation of covariance,correlation coefficient and correlation[J].Mathematical Statistics and Management,2004,23(3):33-36.
[28]姚汝华,周世水.微生物工程工艺原理[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2005.149-152Yao RH,Zhou S S.Process principle of microbial engineering[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,2005.149-152.
[29]孙锦宜.含氮废水处理技术与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.Sun J Y.Nitrogenous wastewater treatment technology and application[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2003.
[30]李东,赵世勋,关宏伟,等.常温低氨氮CANON工艺稳定性研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):102-107.Li D,Zhao S X,Guan H W,et al.Stable operation of CANON process at normal temperature and low ammonia concentration[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):102-107.
[31]Farabegoli G,Chiavola A,Rolle E.The biological aerated filter(BAF)as alternative treatment for domestic sewage.Optimization of plant performance[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,171(1-3):1126-1132.
[32]Pujol R.Process improvements for upflow submerged biofilters[J].Water Science and Technology,2002,32(1):25-29.