膜下滴灌施用生物有机肥对土壤盐分及棉花产量的影响
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摘要
通过水肥一体化膜下滴灌田间试验,研究了生物有机肥与不同种类化肥配施对棉花干物质、产量、经济效益及土壤盐分的影响。试验共设5个处理:不施肥(对照)、常规化肥、滴灌专用肥、常规化肥+生物有机肥、滴灌专用肥+生物有机肥。结果表明:滴灌专用肥+生物有机肥处理的单株成铃数、单铃重和产量较滴灌专用肥处理分别增加了5.0%、1.2%和6.3%;常规化肥+生物有机肥处理的产量较常规化肥处理提高了7.7%。配施生物有机肥处理的土壤p H较未施生物有机肥处理有所降低;在0～20 cm土层,距滴头0 cm土壤电导率低于距滴头30 cm,滴灌抑制了表层盐分上升。配施生物有机肥能有效提高棉花单株成铃数、单铃重及产量,调节土壤p H,但是控制土壤盐分的效应不明显。从经济收益最大化来看,最佳施肥模式为常规化肥+生物有机肥。本研究可为北疆棉花膜下水肥剂一体化优化施肥方案提供参考。
This paper studied the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with different kinds of chemical fertilizer on dry matter,yield,economic benefit of cotton and soil salt content by field experiment of drip irrigation under water and fertilizer integrated film. There were 5 treatments in the test: no fertilization( CK),conventional chemical fertilizer,fertilizer specially for drip irrigation,conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer,and fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed that the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and yield of fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer treatment were increased by5.0%,1.2% and 6.3%,respectively,compared with the treatment of applying fertilizer specially for drip irrigation.The yield of conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer treatment was 7. 7% higher than that of the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil p H of adding bio-organic fertilizer treatments were lower than that of treatment without using bio-organic fertilizer. At 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer,the soil conductivity for sampling site 0 cm away from the drop point was lower than that of 30 cm away from the drop point. The drip irrigation could inhibit surface soil salinity. Combined application of biological organic fertilizer could effectively increase the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and yield,and adjust soil p H,but could not control the soil salinity effectively. From the perspective of economic benefit maximization,the best fertilization model was conventional chemical fertilizer + bioorganic fertilizer. This study could offer references for integrated application of water,chemical fertilizer,and bioorganic fertilizer under film in cotton field of Northern Xinjiang.
This paper studied the effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer combined with different kinds of chemical fertilizer on dry matter,yield,economic benefit of cotton and soil salt content by field experiment of drip irrigation under water and fertilizer integrated film. There were 5 treatments in the test: no fertilization( CK),conventional chemical fertilizer,fertilizer specially for drip irrigation,conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer,and fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed that the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and yield of fertilizer specially for drip irrigation + bio-organic fertilizer treatment were increased by5.0%,1.2% and 6.3%,respectively,compared with the treatment of applying fertilizer specially for drip irrigation.The yield of conventional chemical fertilizer + bio-organic fertilizer treatment was 7. 7% higher than that of the conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil p H of adding bio-organic fertilizer treatments were lower than that of treatment without using bio-organic fertilizer. At 0 ～ 20 cm soil layer,the soil conductivity for sampling site 0 cm away from the drop point was lower than that of 30 cm away from the drop point. The drip irrigation could inhibit surface soil salinity. Combined application of biological organic fertilizer could effectively increase the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and yield,and adjust soil p H,but could not control the soil salinity effectively. From the perspective of economic benefit maximization,the best fertilization model was conventional chemical fertilizer + bioorganic fertilizer. This study could offer references for integrated application of water,chemical fertilizer,and bioorganic fertilizer under film in cotton field of Northern Xinjiang.
引文
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[18]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.种植密度氮肥互作对棉花产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):122-130.Li P C,Dong H L,Liu A Z,et al.. Effects of planting densityand nitrogen fertilizer interaction on yield and nitrogen useefficiency of cotton[J]. Trans. CSAE,2015,31(23):122-130.
[19]张庆伟,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,赵婧文,等.水肥剂一体化技术提高棉花产量和控制土壤盐分的效果[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(3):420-429.Zhang Q W,Aikebaier Y L H,Zhao J W,et al.. Effect ofintegration of water,fertilizer and soil amendment on cottonyield improvement and soil salt control[J]. Xinjiang Agric.Sci.,2018,55(3):420-429.
[20] Vessey J K. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers[J]. Plant Soil,2003,255(2):571-586.
[21]刘刊,耿士均,王波,等.微生物肥料研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13445-13447,13488.Liu K, Geng S J, Wang B, et al.. Research progress ofmicrobial fertilizer[J]. J. Anhui Agric. Sci.,2011,39(22):13445-13447,13488.
[22]张余莽,周海军,张景野,等.生物有机肥的研究进展[J].吉林农业科学,2010,35(3):37-40.Zhang Y M,Zhou H J,Zhang J Y,et al.. Progress of studiesof bio-organic fertilizer[J]. J. Jilin Agric. Sci.,2010,35(3):37-40.
[23]谢志良,田长彦.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):160-165.Xie Z L,Tian C Y. Coupling effects of water and nitrogen ondry matter accumulation,nitrogen take up and water-nitrogenuse efficiency of cotton under mulched drip irrigation[J].Plant Nutr. Fertil. Sci.,2011,17(1):160-165.
[24]韦本辉,申章佑,周佳,等.粉垄改造利用盐碱地效果初探[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):107-112.Wei B H,Shen Z Y,Zhou J,et al.. Initial exploration oneffect of saline-alkali land rebuilding and utilization by fenlong[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol.,2017,19(10):107-112.
[25]吴立峰,张富仓,周罕觅,等.不同滴灌施肥水平对北疆棉花水分利用率和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):137-146.Wu L F,Zhang F C,Zhou H M,et al.. Effect of drip irrigationand fertilizer application on water use efficiency and cottonyield in north of Xinjiang[J]. Trans. CSAE,2014,30(20):137-146.
[26]呼生春,张永飞,张旭东,等.不同水溶肥对土壤养分及“红地球”葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(10):166-170.Hu S C,Zhang Y F,Zhang X D,et al.. Effect of differentwater soluble fertilizer on soil nutrient,yield and quality of‘red globe’grape[J]. Northern Horticult.,2016(10):166-170.
[27]杨天庆,牛俊义.氨基酸配方有机肥对胡麻生长和籽粒产量及品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(8):1632-1641.Yang T Q,Niu J Y. Effect of amino acid organic fertilizer onthe growth,seed yield and quality of oil flax[J]. Acta Bot.Boreali-Occid. Sin.,2016,36(8):1632-1641.
[28]罗兴录,岑忠用,谢和霞,等.生物有机肥对土壤理化、生物性状和木薯生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(1):167-173.Luo X L,Cen Z Y,Xie H X,et al.. Effects of bio-organicfertilizer on the growth of cassava and the physical and chemicalbiological character of soil[J]. Acta Agric. Bot. Boreali-Occid. Sin.,2008,17(1):167-173.
[29]王宝档,刘家明,董作为,等.有机肥对涂园土壤的改良效果及施用技术[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(3):72-77.Wang B D,Liu J M,Dong Z W,et al.. Effect of organicfertilizer on mudflat soil improvement and its applicationtechniques[J]. Soil Fertil. Sci. China,2011(3):72-77.
[2]朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):259-273.Zhu Z L,Jin J Y. Fertilizer use and food security in China[J].Plant Nutr. Fertil. Sci.,2013,19(2):259-273.
[3]李万涛,李宗飞,张开祥,等.两种新型肥料对棉花生长状况及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(6):129-132.Li W T,Li Z F,Zhang K X,et al.. Effects of two newfertilizers on the growth and yield of cotton in Xinjiang[J].Soil Fertil. Sci. China,2016(6):129-132.
[4]赖波,汤明尧,柴仲平,等.新疆农田化肥施用现状调查与评价[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(6):1024-1030.Lai B, Tang M Y, Chai Z P, et al.. Investigation andevaluation of the chemical fertilizer application situation offarmland in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Res.,2014,31(6):1024-1030.
[5]陶瑞,唐诚,李锐,等.有机肥部分替代化肥对滴灌棉田氮素转化及不同形态氮含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(1):50-56.Tao R,Tang C,Li R,et al.. Effects of using organic fertilizeras partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on soil nitrogentransformation and amount of different nitrogen forms in dripirrigation[J]. Soil Fertil. Sci. China,2015(1):50-56.
[6]徐海东,董合林,苏丽丽,等.液态有机肥对滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成规律的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):71-77.Xu H D,Dong H L,Su L L,et al.. Effect of liquid organicfertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation ofcotton under drip irrigation[J]. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull.,2017,33(20):71-77.
[7]陈柏宇,韩琳,于洪懿,等.水溶性有机肥对温室滴灌茄子生长性状及产量的影响[J].吉林蔬菜,2016(4):42-43.Chen B Y,Han L,Yu H Y,et al.. Effects of water-solubleorganic fertilizer on growth characteristics and yield of eggplantin drip irrigation in greenhouse[J]. Jilin Veget.,2016(4):42-43.
[8]谷思玉,耿泽铭,汪睿,等.不同配比生物有机肥对盐渍土改良效果的分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(7):26-30.Gu S Y,Geng Z M,Wang R,et al.. Effect of different ratio ofbio-organic fertilizer on saline-alkali soil improvement[J]. J.Northeast Agric. Univ.,2014,45(7):26-30.
[9]农业部.NY 884-2004生物有机肥[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[10]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):14-18.Wang S Y,Tao G C,Xie G H,et al.. A review of effects ofbiofertilizers on crop yield and quality[J]. J. China Agric.Univ.,2003,8(1):14-18.
[11]谢荔,成学慧,冯新新,等.氨基酸肥料对‘夏黑’葡萄叶片光合特性与果实品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):31-37.Xie L,Cheng X H,Feng X X,et al.. Effects of an amino acidfertilizer on the leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of‘SummerBlack’grape[J]. J. Nanjing Agric. Univ.,2013,36(2):31-37.
[12]彭智平,于俊红,黄继川,等.氨基酸液体肥料对沙糖桔产量及品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(6):78-79.Peng Z P,Yu J H,Huang J C,et al.. Effects of amino acidfluid fertilizer on yield and quality of Shatangju[J].Guangdong Agric. Sci.,2014,41(6):78-79.
[13] Qiu M,Zhang R,Xue C,et al.. Application of bio-organicfertilizer can control Fusarium wilt of cucumber plants byregulating microbial community of rhizosphere soil[J]. Biol.Fertil. Soils,2012,48:807-816.
[14]耿泽铭.施用生物有机肥对盐渍土改良效果及玉米产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,硕士学位论文,2013.Geng Z M. Use bio-organic fertilizer on saline soil improvementeffect and corn yield[D]. Harbin:Northeast AgriculturalUniversity,Master Dissertation,2013.
[15]新疆维吾尔自治区质量技术监督局. DB 65/T 3107-2010棉花膜下滴灌水肥管理技术规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[16]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[17]张建旗,张继娜,杨虎德,等.兰州地区土壤电导率与盐分含量关系研究[J].甘肃林业科技,2009,34(2):21-24,30.Zhang J Q,Zhang J N,Yang H D,et al.. Research on therelationship between conductivity and salinity content of soil insuburb of Lanzhou[J]. J. Gansu Forestry Sci. Technol.,2009,34(2):21-24,30.
[18]李鹏程,董合林,刘爱忠,等.种植密度氮肥互作对棉花产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(23):122-130.Li P C,Dong H L,Liu A Z,et al.. Effects of planting densityand nitrogen fertilizer interaction on yield and nitrogen useefficiency of cotton[J]. Trans. CSAE,2015,31(23):122-130.
[19]张庆伟,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,赵婧文,等.水肥剂一体化技术提高棉花产量和控制土壤盐分的效果[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(3):420-429.Zhang Q W,Aikebaier Y L H,Zhao J W,et al.. Effect ofintegration of water,fertilizer and soil amendment on cottonyield improvement and soil salt control[J]. Xinjiang Agric.Sci.,2018,55(3):420-429.
[20] Vessey J K. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as bio-fertilizers[J]. Plant Soil,2003,255(2):571-586.
[21]刘刊,耿士均,王波,等.微生物肥料研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13445-13447,13488.Liu K, Geng S J, Wang B, et al.. Research progress ofmicrobial fertilizer[J]. J. Anhui Agric. Sci.,2011,39(22):13445-13447,13488.
[22]张余莽,周海军,张景野,等.生物有机肥的研究进展[J].吉林农业科学,2010,35(3):37-40.Zhang Y M,Zhou H J,Zhang J Y,et al.. Progress of studiesof bio-organic fertilizer[J]. J. Jilin Agric. Sci.,2010,35(3):37-40.
[23]谢志良,田长彦.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对棉花干物质积累和氮素吸收及水氮利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):160-165.Xie Z L,Tian C Y. Coupling effects of water and nitrogen ondry matter accumulation,nitrogen take up and water-nitrogenuse efficiency of cotton under mulched drip irrigation[J].Plant Nutr. Fertil. Sci.,2011,17(1):160-165.
[24]韦本辉,申章佑,周佳,等.粉垄改造利用盐碱地效果初探[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):107-112.Wei B H,Shen Z Y,Zhou J,et al.. Initial exploration oneffect of saline-alkali land rebuilding and utilization by fenlong[J]. J. Agric. Sci. Technol.,2017,19(10):107-112.
[25]吴立峰,张富仓,周罕觅,等.不同滴灌施肥水平对北疆棉花水分利用率和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):137-146.Wu L F,Zhang F C,Zhou H M,et al.. Effect of drip irrigationand fertilizer application on water use efficiency and cottonyield in north of Xinjiang[J]. Trans. CSAE,2014,30(20):137-146.
[26]呼生春,张永飞,张旭东,等.不同水溶肥对土壤养分及“红地球”葡萄产量和品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016(10):166-170.Hu S C,Zhang Y F,Zhang X D,et al.. Effect of differentwater soluble fertilizer on soil nutrient,yield and quality of‘red globe’grape[J]. Northern Horticult.,2016(10):166-170.
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