水流载荷作用下的潜艇潜望镜力学特性实测与分析
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摘要
潜艇的潜望镜在升起的时候由于水流的冲击作用会产生弯曲及振动等问题。严重的弯曲及振动响应会影响艇内人员对海面的观察,降低潜望镜的测量精度,甚至损坏潜望镜。因此水流载荷作用下的潜望镜力学特性是潜望镜设计、使用等环节的重要参考。文章针对上述问题,设计了潜望镜实艇实验,采用了裸光纤光栅准分布式测量技术,实现了对潜望镜水流载荷作用下的动应变响应的快速测量。通过实测数据对潜望镜的静力与动力特性进行了分析,并与理论分析、数值模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:当潜艇在10 kns以内航速行驶时,潜望镜受到的拟静水流力及振动情况较小,实测结果与计算模拟结果吻合较好;当潜艇在10 kns以上航速行驶的时候,潜望镜会发生强烈的涡激振动问题,实测结果远大于计算模拟结果。文中研究工作对潜望镜的设计、日常使用与维护等具有很好的参考价值。
The submarine's periscope will be bended and vibrated as the impact of the water flow, when the periscope is raised in the sea. Severe bending and vibration response will affect the normal operation of the people inside the submarine and reduce the measurement accuracy of the periscope, even damage the periscope. So the mechanical performance of the periscope under the water flow is an important reference for design, operation and other aspects of the periscope. Thus a real submarine experiment is designed for the periscope mechanical characteristics under water flow. In the experiment, the dynamic strain responses of the periscope are measured by using the bare fiber grating based on quasi distributed measurement technology. The static and dynamic characteristics of the periscope are analyzed through the measured data. Furthermore, some theoretical analysis and numerical simulation research are also done on the periscope and the results are compared with each other. The results show that the quasi hydrostatic flow force and vibration of the periscope are small when the speed of the submarine is within 10 knots, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results. In addition, periscope will be under strong vortex induced vibration when the speed of the submarine is more than 10 knots, and the measured results are far greater than the numerical simulation results. This paper is useful for the design, daily operation, maintenance and other aspects of the periscope.
The submarine's periscope will be bended and vibrated as the impact of the water flow, when the periscope is raised in the sea. Severe bending and vibration response will affect the normal operation of the people inside the submarine and reduce the measurement accuracy of the periscope, even damage the periscope. So the mechanical performance of the periscope under the water flow is an important reference for design, operation and other aspects of the periscope. Thus a real submarine experiment is designed for the periscope mechanical characteristics under water flow. In the experiment, the dynamic strain responses of the periscope are measured by using the bare fiber grating based on quasi distributed measurement technology. The static and dynamic characteristics of the periscope are analyzed through the measured data. Furthermore, some theoretical analysis and numerical simulation research are also done on the periscope and the results are compared with each other. The results show that the quasi hydrostatic flow force and vibration of the periscope are small when the speed of the submarine is within 10 knots, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results. In addition, periscope will be under strong vortex induced vibration when the speed of the submarine is more than 10 knots, and the measured results are far greater than the numerical simulation results. This paper is useful for the design, daily operation, maintenance and other aspects of the periscope.
引文
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[5]姚熊亮,陈起富,徐文景.高雷诺数时弹性圆柱的波流载荷[J].力学学报,1995,11(1):1-9.Yao Xiongliang,Chen Qifu,Xu Wenjing.Hydrodynamic forces action on elastic circular cylindering combined wave and current flow at high Reynolds numbers[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,1995,11(1):1-9.
[6]管东芝,邢晨曦,韩苏闽.电测法应用于混凝土结构的表面应变测试[J].实验室研究与探索,2011,30(1):30-32.Guan D Z,Xing C X,Han S M.Testing study on concrete surface strain using electrical-resistance strain-measurement method[J].Research&Exploration in Laboratory,2011,30(1):30-32.
[7]徐晗,陈灼民,武松涛.电阻应变测量方法浅析[J].测控技术,2002,21(8):24-26.Xu Han,Chen Zhuomin,Wu Songtao,et al.Plain analysis of strain measurement method with bonding resistance[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2002,21(8):24-26.
[8]柏东良,杨维好,黄家会,等.高孔隙水压力下裸光纤光栅应变测试[J].红外与激光工程,2014,43(11):3729-3734.Bo Dongliang,Yang Weihao,Huang Jiahui,et al.Strain test of bare FBG under high pore water pressure[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2014,43(11):3729-3734.
[9]朱鸿鹄,殷建华,靳伟,等.基于光纤光栅传感技术的地基基础健康监测研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(6):109-115.Zhu H H,Yin J H,et al.Health monitoring of foundations using fiber Bragg grating sensing technology[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(6):109-115.
[10]潘志远,崔维成,张效慈.细长海洋结构物涡激振动研究综述[J].船舶力学,2005,9(6):135-154.Pan Z Y,Cui W C,Zhang X C.An overview on VIV of slender marine structures[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2005,9(6):135-154.
[11]及春宁,陈威霖,黄继露,等.串列双圆柱流致振动的数值模拟及其耦合机制[J].力学学报,2014,46(6):862-870.Ji C N,Chen W L,Huang J L,et al.Numerical investigation on flow-induced vibration of two cylinders in tandem arrangements and its coupling mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical&Applied Mechanics,2014,46(6):862-870.
[12]Papaioannoua G V,Yuea D K P,Triantafylloua M S,et al.On the effect of spacing on the vortex-induced vibrations of two tandem cylinders[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2008,24:833-854.
[13]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1991.Zhu Yanrong.Wave mechanics for ocean engineering[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1991.
[2]祁一荣.潜艇潜望镜[J].现代舰船,2002(2):44-45.Qi Yirong.Submarine periscope[J].Modern Ships,2002(2):44-45.
[3]李玉成,何明.小尺度圆柱上不规则波流力的极值分布[J].水动力学研究与进展,1993(4):69-77.Li Y C.The statistical distribution of extreme values of wave-current forces action on slender circular in irregular waves[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1993(4):69-77.
[4]陶建华,刘连武.波浪和水流对大直径圆柱的共同作用力[J].水动力学研究与进展,1993(3):265-272.Tao J H.Wave-current forces on a large vertical cylinder[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,1993(3):265-272.
[5]姚熊亮,陈起富,徐文景.高雷诺数时弹性圆柱的波流载荷[J].力学学报,1995,11(1):1-9.Yao Xiongliang,Chen Qifu,Xu Wenjing.Hydrodynamic forces action on elastic circular cylindering combined wave and current flow at high Reynolds numbers[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,1995,11(1):1-9.
[6]管东芝,邢晨曦,韩苏闽.电测法应用于混凝土结构的表面应变测试[J].实验室研究与探索,2011,30(1):30-32.Guan D Z,Xing C X,Han S M.Testing study on concrete surface strain using electrical-resistance strain-measurement method[J].Research&Exploration in Laboratory,2011,30(1):30-32.
[7]徐晗,陈灼民,武松涛.电阻应变测量方法浅析[J].测控技术,2002,21(8):24-26.Xu Han,Chen Zhuomin,Wu Songtao,et al.Plain analysis of strain measurement method with bonding resistance[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2002,21(8):24-26.
[8]柏东良,杨维好,黄家会,等.高孔隙水压力下裸光纤光栅应变测试[J].红外与激光工程,2014,43(11):3729-3734.Bo Dongliang,Yang Weihao,Huang Jiahui,et al.Strain test of bare FBG under high pore water pressure[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2014,43(11):3729-3734.
[9]朱鸿鹄,殷建华,靳伟,等.基于光纤光栅传感技术的地基基础健康监测研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(6):109-115.Zhu H H,Yin J H,et al.Health monitoring of foundations using fiber Bragg grating sensing technology[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(6):109-115.
[10]潘志远,崔维成,张效慈.细长海洋结构物涡激振动研究综述[J].船舶力学,2005,9(6):135-154.Pan Z Y,Cui W C,Zhang X C.An overview on VIV of slender marine structures[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2005,9(6):135-154.
[11]及春宁,陈威霖,黄继露,等.串列双圆柱流致振动的数值模拟及其耦合机制[J].力学学报,2014,46(6):862-870.Ji C N,Chen W L,Huang J L,et al.Numerical investigation on flow-induced vibration of two cylinders in tandem arrangements and its coupling mechanisms[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical&Applied Mechanics,2014,46(6):862-870.
[12]Papaioannoua G V,Yuea D K P,Triantafylloua M S,et al.On the effect of spacing on the vortex-induced vibrations of two tandem cylinders[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2008,24:833-854.
[13]竺艳蓉.海洋工程波浪力学[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1991.Zhu Yanrong.Wave mechanics for ocean engineering[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1991.
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