煤层气井负压排采技术潜在增产因素分析
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摘要
排水降压采气是煤层气井开采的主要方式,而煤层气井开采过程中常出现自然产量低。为促进煤层气的解吸和渗流,现场多次采用了负压排采技术并取得了很好的增产效果,研究煤层负压排采技术的潜在增产因素可以完善其技术的理论基础,对今后更好地指导现场煤层气井开发生产以及推广至地质特征、生产特征相似的煤层气区块具有重要的增产意义。探讨了负压技术可能带来的潜在增产因素,并且对负压排采井的选择、使用负压设备的时机提供了排采建议。研究表明:由于煤层气常以吸附态赋存以及煤储层特点,负压排采技术在增大生产压差的同时,可能会起到提高裂缝导流能力、解除表皮污染、促进井间干扰以及增强甲烷滑脱和煤基质收缩等有利效果,同时也会起到加大应力敏感以及裂缝闭合的可能性。可见负压排采技术的正确使用,能最大限度降低废弃压力,提高煤层气的最终采收率。
Gas recovery by water drainage is the main method of CBM( coalbed methane) well production,while natural production is often low during CBM well production. In order to promote the desorption and seepage of coalbed methane,the negative pressure drainage technology has been adopted many times in the field and a good yield increase effect has been achieved. The theoretical basis of negative pressure drainage technology can be improved by studying the mechanism of increasing production,and it can provide CBM field which blocks have similar geological characteristics and similar production characteristics with better guidance in the future. The potential increasing production factors that may be brought about by negative pressure technology are discussed in this paper,and suggestions for the selection of negative pressure drainage wells and the timing of using negative pressure equipment are also provided. The research shows that: due to CBM adsorption and the characteristics of coal reservoirs,negative pressure drainage technology can increase the fracture conductivity,remove the skin damage and promote inter-well interference while increasing the production pressure difference. It also has the beneficial effects of enhancing the slippage effect of methane and the shrinkage of the coal matrix,and also has the disadvantage of increasing the stress sensitivity and the possibility of the fracture closure. It is concluded that the ultimate recovery of CBM will be enhanced by reducing abandonment pressure at the same time via using negative pressure drainage technology correctly.
Gas recovery by water drainage is the main method of CBM( coalbed methane) well production,while natural production is often low during CBM well production. In order to promote the desorption and seepage of coalbed methane,the negative pressure drainage technology has been adopted many times in the field and a good yield increase effect has been achieved. The theoretical basis of negative pressure drainage technology can be improved by studying the mechanism of increasing production,and it can provide CBM field which blocks have similar geological characteristics and similar production characteristics with better guidance in the future. The potential increasing production factors that may be brought about by negative pressure technology are discussed in this paper,and suggestions for the selection of negative pressure drainage wells and the timing of using negative pressure equipment are also provided. The research shows that: due to CBM adsorption and the characteristics of coal reservoirs,negative pressure drainage technology can increase the fracture conductivity,remove the skin damage and promote inter-well interference while increasing the production pressure difference. It also has the beneficial effects of enhancing the slippage effect of methane and the shrinkage of the coal matrix,and also has the disadvantage of increasing the stress sensitivity and the possibility of the fracture closure. It is concluded that the ultimate recovery of CBM will be enhanced by reducing abandonment pressure at the same time via using negative pressure drainage technology correctly.
引文
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3岑学齐,吴晓东,梁伟,等.煤层气井产能影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):201-204Cen Xueqi,Wu Xiaodong,Liang Wei,et al.Analysis of factors affecting productivity of coalbed gas wells[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):201-204
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5王保辉,闫相祯,杨秀娟.基于煤岩割理正交各向异性的煤层气产能预测[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(32):235-238Wang Baohui,Yan Xiangzhen,Yang Xiujuan.Production prediction with the consideration of the orthotropic permeability of coal seam[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(32):235-238
6蒋长春.负压采气新工艺改进[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5):86-87Jiang Changchun.New process improvement of negative pressure gas production[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(5):86-87
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8冯文光.提高解吸速度是煤层气藏工业化生产的关键[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(2):57-61Feng Wenguang.Raising desorption velocity is key of commercial development for coalbed gas reservoir[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(2):57-61
9牛丛丛,鞠斌山.考虑解吸作用的低渗透煤层中双重介质渗流理论研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(11):74-81Niu Congcong,Ju Binshan.Study on dual porosity media seepage theory with desorption for low permeability coal seam[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):74-81
10邱先强,任广磊,李治平,等.煤层气藏产能动态预测方法及参数敏感性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):73-77Qiu Xianqiang,Ren Guanglei,Li Zhiping,et al.Study on dynamic prediction method and parameter sensitivity analysis of coalbed methane reservoir production[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):73-77
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12刘岩,苏雪峰,张遂安.煤粉对支撑裂缝导流能力的影响特征及其防控[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):687-693Liu Yan,Su Xuefeng,Zhang Suian.Influencing characteristics and control of coal powder to proppant fracture conductivity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):687-693
13周颖娴,韩国庆.煤层气排采设备优选技术[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(14):194-197Zhou Yingxian,Han Guoqing.Artificial lift optimizations in CBMwells[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(14):194-197
14赵亚东,张遂安,肖凤朝,等.不同类型储层支撑裂缝长期导流能力实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(11):192-197Zhao Yadong,Zhang Suian,Xiao Fengchao,et al.Experimental study on long-term flow conductivity of fractured fractures in different types of reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(11):192-197
15王丹凤.煤层气井负压排采工艺技术研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2014Wang Danfeng.Research of negative pressure gas production technology for CBM well[D].Wuhan:Yangtze University,2014
16傅雪海,李大华,秦勇,等.煤基质收缩对渗透率影响的实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(2):129-131Fu Xuehai,Li Dahua,Qin Yong,et al.Experimental research of influence of coal matrix shrinkage on permeability[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(2):129-131
17胡素明,李相方.考虑煤自调节效应的煤层气藏物质平衡方程[J].天然气勘探与开发,2010,33(1):38-41Hu Suming,Li Xiangfang.Material balance equation of coal-bed methane reservoir with consideration of self-adjustment effect of coal[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development.2010,33(1):38-41
18 Palmer I,Mansoori J.How permeability depends on stress and pore pressure in coalbeds:a new model[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,1996,1(16):557-564
19杨亚聪,穆谦益,白晓弘,等.苏里格气田后期负压采气工艺可行性研究[J].石油化工应用,2012,31(8):34-36Yang Yacong,Mu Qianyi,Bai Xiaohong,et al.The research of negative pressure gas technology in the late Sulige Gasfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2012,31(8):34-36
2刘剑,梁卫国.页岩油气及煤层气开采技术与环境现状及存在问题[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(30):126-139Liu Jian,Liang Weiguo.Problems and environmental impacts induced by mining technology of shale oil and gas and coalbed methane[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(30):126-139
3岑学齐,吴晓东,梁伟,等.煤层气井产能影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(4):201-204Cen Xueqi,Wu Xiaodong,Liang Wei,et al.Analysis of factors affecting productivity of coalbed gas wells[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(4):201-204
4任建华,任韶然,孟尚志.煤层气井产气规律及产能影响因素分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(10):2799-2802Ren Jianhua,Ren Shaoran,Meng Shangzhi.Analysis of production rule and productivity influencing factors of coalbed methane[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(10):2799-2802
5王保辉,闫相祯,杨秀娟.基于煤岩割理正交各向异性的煤层气产能预测[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(32):235-238Wang Baohui,Yan Xiangzhen,Yang Xiujuan.Production prediction with the consideration of the orthotropic permeability of coal seam[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(32):235-238
6蒋长春.负压采气新工艺改进[J].天然气工业,1996,16(5):86-87Jiang Changchun.New process improvement of negative pressure gas production[J].Natural Gas Industry,1996,16(5):86-87
7李海涛,虎海宾,赵凯,等.负压采气技术在丘东气田低压气井中的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2017,40(2):56-62Li Haitao,Hu Haibin,Zhao Kai,et al.Application of negative pressure gas production technology in low pressure gas wells in Qiudong gas field[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2017,40(2):56-62
8冯文光.提高解吸速度是煤层气藏工业化生产的关键[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(2):57-61Feng Wenguang.Raising desorption velocity is key of commercial development for coalbed gas reservoir[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(2):57-61
9牛丛丛,鞠斌山.考虑解吸作用的低渗透煤层中双重介质渗流理论研究[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(11):74-81Niu Congcong,Ju Binshan.Study on dual porosity media seepage theory with desorption for low permeability coal seam[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(11):74-81
10邱先强,任广磊,李治平,等.煤层气藏产能动态预测方法及参数敏感性分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(6):73-77Qiu Xianqiang,Ren Guanglei,Li Zhiping,et al.Study on dynamic prediction method and parameter sensitivity analysis of coalbed methane reservoir production[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(6):73-77
11郝玉鸿,王方元.地层压力下降对气井产能方程及无阻流量的影响分析[J].天然气工业,2000,20(1):71-74Hao Yuhong,Wang Fangyuan.Influence of formation pressure decrease on the productivity equation and open-flow capacity of gas well.Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(1):71-74
12刘岩,苏雪峰,张遂安.煤粉对支撑裂缝导流能力的影响特征及其防控[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):687-693Liu Yan,Su Xuefeng,Zhang Suian.Influencing characteristics and control of coal powder to proppant fracture conductivity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):687-693
13周颖娴,韩国庆.煤层气排采设备优选技术[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(14):194-197Zhou Yingxian,Han Guoqing.Artificial lift optimizations in CBMwells[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(14):194-197
14赵亚东,张遂安,肖凤朝,等.不同类型储层支撑裂缝长期导流能力实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(11):192-197Zhao Yadong,Zhang Suian,Xiao Fengchao,et al.Experimental study on long-term flow conductivity of fractured fractures in different types of reservoirs[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(11):192-197
15王丹凤.煤层气井负压排采工艺技术研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2014Wang Danfeng.Research of negative pressure gas production technology for CBM well[D].Wuhan:Yangtze University,2014
16傅雪海,李大华,秦勇,等.煤基质收缩对渗透率影响的实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(2):129-131Fu Xuehai,Li Dahua,Qin Yong,et al.Experimental research of influence of coal matrix shrinkage on permeability[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(2):129-131
17胡素明,李相方.考虑煤自调节效应的煤层气藏物质平衡方程[J].天然气勘探与开发,2010,33(1):38-41Hu Suming,Li Xiangfang.Material balance equation of coal-bed methane reservoir with consideration of self-adjustment effect of coal[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development.2010,33(1):38-41
18 Palmer I,Mansoori J.How permeability depends on stress and pore pressure in coalbeds:a new model[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers,1996,1(16):557-564
19杨亚聪,穆谦益,白晓弘,等.苏里格气田后期负压采气工艺可行性研究[J].石油化工应用,2012,31(8):34-36Yang Yacong,Mu Qianyi,Bai Xiaohong,et al.The research of negative pressure gas technology in the late Sulige Gasfield[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2012,31(8):34-36