坚硬顶板型冲击地压发生机理及监测预警研究
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摘要
针对坚硬顶板条件下冲击地压发生频率高、强度大、破坏范围广等问题,以华丰煤矿1411工作面为工程背景,采用理论分析研究了坚硬顶板型冲击地压发生机理,分析了坚硬顶板型工作面的声发射及应力前兆信息特点,最后进行了现场实践。研究结果表明:坚硬顶板型冲击地压以能量及应力判据为主,冲击地压前兆信息主要有2个特点,即能量增大和应力突变;坚硬顶板悬空长度大,导致煤体内部集中应力持续升高,若积聚的大量弹性能不能有效安全释放,可能会导致冲击地压的发生;采用声发射和应力监测手段可及时得到坚硬顶板工作面回采过程中煤体应力及能量动态发展情况,从而对冲击危险进行预警。结合现场条件,设计采用大直径钻孔和深孔断顶爆破进行卸压解危,卸压前后最大钻粉量由4 kg/m降为3 kg/m、应力集中系数由2.03降1.72,且支承压力峰值向深部转移,煤体应力集中得到明显释放,卸压效果较好。
According to the high frequent occurrence,high strength,wide destroy scope and other problems occurred by the mine pressure bump under the condition of the hard roof,based on No. 1411 coal mining face in Huafeng Mine as an engineering background,the theoretical analysis was firstly applied to study the occurrence mechanism of the mine hard roof type pressure bump and then to analyze the acoustic emission and stress precursory information features of the hard rood type coal mining face. Finally the site practices were conducted. The study results showed that the mine hard roof type pressure bump was mainly based on the energy and stress criterion,the precursory information of the mine pressure bump mainly would have two features and they were the energy increased and stress sudden changed.A long free span of the hard roof would cause the concentrated stress continuously increased internally in the coal mass. Once the accumulated great elastic energy could not be effectively and softly released,a mine pressure bump would be possibly occurred. The acoustic emission and the stress monitoring means could be applied to timely obtain the coal stress and energy dynamic development conditions during the mining process of the hard roof type coal mining face. Thus the early warning could be conducted on the mine pressure bump danger. In combination with the site conditions,a large diameter borehole and deep borehole roof cutting blasting was designed and applied to the pressure released and the danger solved. Before and after the pressure released,the maximum drilling cuttings were reduced from 4 kg/m to 3 kg/m,the stress concentration parameters would be reduced from 2.03 to 1.72,the support pressure peak could be migrated to the deep section,the stress concentration of the coal would be obviously released and the pressure released effect would be good.
According to the high frequent occurrence,high strength,wide destroy scope and other problems occurred by the mine pressure bump under the condition of the hard roof,based on No. 1411 coal mining face in Huafeng Mine as an engineering background,the theoretical analysis was firstly applied to study the occurrence mechanism of the mine hard roof type pressure bump and then to analyze the acoustic emission and stress precursory information features of the hard rood type coal mining face. Finally the site practices were conducted. The study results showed that the mine hard roof type pressure bump was mainly based on the energy and stress criterion,the precursory information of the mine pressure bump mainly would have two features and they were the energy increased and stress sudden changed.A long free span of the hard roof would cause the concentrated stress continuously increased internally in the coal mass. Once the accumulated great elastic energy could not be effectively and softly released,a mine pressure bump would be possibly occurred. The acoustic emission and the stress monitoring means could be applied to timely obtain the coal stress and energy dynamic development conditions during the mining process of the hard roof type coal mining face. Thus the early warning could be conducted on the mine pressure bump danger. In combination with the site conditions,a large diameter borehole and deep borehole roof cutting blasting was designed and applied to the pressure released and the danger solved. Before and after the pressure released,the maximum drilling cuttings were reduced from 4 kg/m to 3 kg/m,the stress concentration parameters would be reduced from 2.03 to 1.72,the support pressure peak could be migrated to the deep section,the stress concentration of the coal would be obviously released and the pressure released effect would be good.
引文
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[6]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.
[7]吕进国,姜耀东,李守国,等.巨厚坚硬顶板条件下断层诱冲特征及机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1961-1969.LYU Jinguo,JIANG Yaodong,LI Shouguo,et al.Characteristics and mechanism research of coal bumps induced by faults based on extra thick and hard roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1961-1969.
[8]李新华,张向东.浅埋煤层坚硬直接顶破断诱发冲击地压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):510-517.LI Xinhua,ZHANG Xiangdong.Mechanism and prevention of rockburst induced by immediate roof breakage in shallow-buried coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):510-517.
[9]纪洪广,穆楠楠,张月征.冲击地压事件AE与压力耦合前兆特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S1):1-5.JI Hongguang,MU Nannan,ZHANG Yuezheng.Analysis on precursory characteristics of coupled acoustic emission and pressure for rock burst events[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(S1):1-5.
[10]谭云亮,王学水.煤矿坚硬顶板活动过程中声发射特征的初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):275-283.TAN Yunliang,WANG Xueshui.Preliminary study on acoustic emission characteristics of hard roof in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(3):275-283.
[11]谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):425-428.TAN Yunliang,LI Fangcheng,ZHOU Hui,et al.Preliminary study on the premonitory model of acoustic emission from impingement pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):425-428.
[12] TAN Yunliang,GUO Weiyao,GU Qingheng,et al.Research on the rockburst tendency and AE characteristics of inhomogeneous coalrock combination bodies[J]. Shock and Vibration,2016,2016:1-11.
[13]姜福兴,王存文,杨淑华,等.冲击地压及煤与瓦斯突出和透水的微震监测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(1):26-28.JIANG Fuxing, WANG Cunwen, YANG Shuhua, et al.Microseismic monitoring and measuring technology for pumping presuure,coal and gas outburst and water inrush[J].Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(1):26-28.
[14]袁瑞甫,李化敏,李怀珍.煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):80-85.YUAN Ruifu, LI Huamin, LI Huaizhen. Distribution of microseismic signal and discrimination of portentous information of pillar type rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):80-85.
[15]刘晓斐,肖栋,邵学峰,等.矿井冲击危险电磁辐射连续监测及预测研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):67-69.LIU Xiaofei,XIAO Dong,SHAO Xuefeng et al. Electromagnetic radiation law of continuous monitoring and forecasting rock burst in coalmine[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2007,35(6):67-69.
[16]刘晓斐,王恩元,何学秋,等.回采工作面应力分布的电磁辐射规律[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1019-1022.LIU Xiaofei,WANG Enyuan,HE Xueqiu,et al. Electromagnetic radiation laws of the stress distribution in working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(10):1019-1022.
[17]何学秋,聂百胜,何俊,等.顶板断裂失稳电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2935-2940.HE Xueqiu, NIE Baisheng, HE Jun, et al. Study on electromagnetic emission characteristics in roof failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2935-2940.
[18]贾瑞生,闫相宏,孙红梅,等.基于多源信息融合的冲击地压态势评估方法[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):187-195.JIA Ruisheng,YAN Xianghong,SUN Hongmei,et al.Situation assessment method of rock burst based on multisource information fusion[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):187-195.
[19] TAN Yunliang,YIN Yanchun,GU Shitan,et al.Multi-index monitoring and evaluation on rock burst in Yangcheng Mine[J].Shock and Vibration,2014,Article ID 624893.
[20]潘岳,顾士坦,杨光林.裂纹发生初始阶段的坚硬顶板内力变化和“反弹”特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):860-869.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,YANG Guanglin.Variation of internal force and rebound property of hard roof at initial stage of cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):860-869.
[21]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu.Analytic solutions of deflection,bending moment and energy change of tight roof of advanced working surface during initial fracturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
[2]李浩荡,蓝航,杜涛涛,等.宽沟煤矿坚硬厚层顶板下冲击地压危险时期的微震特征及解危措施[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S1):6-11.LI Haodang, LAN Hang, DU Taotao, et al. Microseismic characteristic and danger-relief method in rock-burst danger periodof mining face under hard and thick roof of Kuangou Mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(S1):6-11.
[3]齐庆新,欧阳振华,赵善坤,等.我国冲击地压矿井类型及防治方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):1-5.QI Qingxin,OUYANG Zhenhua,ZHAO Shankun,et al. Study on types of rock burst mine and prevention methods in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):1-5.
[4]王涛,由爽,裴峰,等.坚硬顶板条件下临空煤柱失稳机制与防治技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):54-59.WANG Tao,YOU shuang,PEI Feng,et al. Instability mechanism and control technology of coal pillar bumps under hard roof[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):54-59.
[5]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844-1851.PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,ZHANG Mengtao. Distribution,type,mechanism and prevention of rockbrust in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1844-1851.
[6]李新元,马念杰,钟亚平,等.坚硬顶板断裂过程中弹性能量积聚与释放的分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.LI Xinyuan,MA Nianjie,ZHONG Yaping,et al.Storage and release regular of elastic energy distribution in tight roof fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2786-2793.
[7]吕进国,姜耀东,李守国,等.巨厚坚硬顶板条件下断层诱冲特征及机制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1961-1969.LYU Jinguo,JIANG Yaodong,LI Shouguo,et al.Characteristics and mechanism research of coal bumps induced by faults based on extra thick and hard roof[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1961-1969.
[8]李新华,张向东.浅埋煤层坚硬直接顶破断诱发冲击地压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):510-517.LI Xinhua,ZHANG Xiangdong.Mechanism and prevention of rockburst induced by immediate roof breakage in shallow-buried coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):510-517.
[9]纪洪广,穆楠楠,张月征.冲击地压事件AE与压力耦合前兆特征分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S1):1-5.JI Hongguang,MU Nannan,ZHANG Yuezheng.Analysis on precursory characteristics of coupled acoustic emission and pressure for rock burst events[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(S1):1-5.
[10]谭云亮,王学水.煤矿坚硬顶板活动过程中声发射特征的初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1992,11(3):275-283.TAN Yunliang,WANG Xueshui.Preliminary study on acoustic emission characteristics of hard roof in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1992,11(3):275-283.
[11]谭云亮,李芳成,周辉,等.冲击地压声发射前兆模式初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):425-428.TAN Yunliang,LI Fangcheng,ZHOU Hui,et al.Preliminary study on the premonitory model of acoustic emission from impingement pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):425-428.
[12] TAN Yunliang,GUO Weiyao,GU Qingheng,et al.Research on the rockburst tendency and AE characteristics of inhomogeneous coalrock combination bodies[J]. Shock and Vibration,2016,2016:1-11.
[13]姜福兴,王存文,杨淑华,等.冲击地压及煤与瓦斯突出和透水的微震监测技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(1):26-28.JIANG Fuxing, WANG Cunwen, YANG Shuhua, et al.Microseismic monitoring and measuring technology for pumping presuure,coal and gas outburst and water inrush[J].Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(1):26-28.
[14]袁瑞甫,李化敏,李怀珍.煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):80-85.YUAN Ruifu, LI Huamin, LI Huaizhen. Distribution of microseismic signal and discrimination of portentous information of pillar type rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):80-85.
[15]刘晓斐,肖栋,邵学峰,等.矿井冲击危险电磁辐射连续监测及预测研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):67-69.LIU Xiaofei,XIAO Dong,SHAO Xuefeng et al. Electromagnetic radiation law of continuous monitoring and forecasting rock burst in coalmine[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2007,35(6):67-69.
[16]刘晓斐,王恩元,何学秋,等.回采工作面应力分布的电磁辐射规律[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1019-1022.LIU Xiaofei,WANG Enyuan,HE Xueqiu,et al. Electromagnetic radiation laws of the stress distribution in working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(10):1019-1022.
[17]何学秋,聂百胜,何俊,等.顶板断裂失稳电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2935-2940.HE Xueqiu, NIE Baisheng, HE Jun, et al. Study on electromagnetic emission characteristics in roof failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2935-2940.
[18]贾瑞生,闫相宏,孙红梅,等.基于多源信息融合的冲击地压态势评估方法[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):187-195.JIA Ruisheng,YAN Xianghong,SUN Hongmei,et al.Situation assessment method of rock burst based on multisource information fusion[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):187-195.
[19] TAN Yunliang,YIN Yanchun,GU Shitan,et al.Multi-index monitoring and evaluation on rock burst in Yangcheng Mine[J].Shock and Vibration,2014,Article ID 624893.
[20]潘岳,顾士坦,杨光林.裂纹发生初始阶段的坚硬顶板内力变化和“反弹”特性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):860-869.PAN Yue,GU Shitan,YANG Guanglin.Variation of internal force and rebound property of hard roof at initial stage of cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):860-869.
[21]潘岳,王志强,李爱武.初次断裂期间超前工作面坚硬顶板挠度、弯矩和能量变化的解析解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):32-41.PAN Yue,WANG Zhiqiang,LI Aiwu.Analytic solutions of deflection,bending moment and energy change of tight roof of advanced working surface during initial fracturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):32-41.
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