急倾斜特厚煤层多分层同采巷道冲击地压成因及控制技术研究
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摘要
以甘肃华亭煤矿601,602回采工作面冲击地压回采巷道为研究背景,通过现场原岩应力场测量以及上覆围岩结构的力学分析,确定冲击地压发生的力源主要是向斜构造应力场与多分层同采导致的叠加应力场形成的复合应力场,上覆岩层"悬臂梁"结构失稳导致的冲击载荷是诱发冲击地压发生的结构性动力因素;基于此,提出以"错峰调压+爆破切顶+强力支护"为核心的急倾斜特厚煤层分层同采巷道冲击地压控制技术,通过错峰调压来降低回采巷道围岩煤岩体受超强采动影响造成的应力集中程度,爆破切顶控制上覆岩层"悬臂梁"结构的形态,强力支护使回采巷道围岩煤岩体与支护材料形成具有"高强度、强让压、整体性"支护体系。最后确定华亭煤矿同采工作面不宜超过2个,回采工作面间的错距不得小于500 m;在602工作面回风巷道布置钻孔应力计对爆破效果进行检验,结果表明巷道围岩煤岩体内部的集中应力在措施后呈阶段性降低的趋势,从而认为该控制技术可有效防止急倾斜特厚煤层分层同采导致的冲击地压灾害的发生。
With the mining roadways with coal bumps of mining face 601 and 602 of Gansu Huating Coal Mine as the research background, through on-site in-situ stress field measurement and the mechanical analysis of the overlying surrounding rock structure, the main force source of the rock burst is identified to be a composite stress field formed by the synclinal tectonic stress field and the superimposed stress filed caused by multi-layered mining; the impact loading induced by the structural instability of overlying rock cantilever is the structural dynamic factor leading to coal bumps. Based on these results,the control technology of coal bumps is proposed with the core of "peak pressure regulation, blasting roof cutting and strong support" in the mining roadway in steep-thick coal seams. Through peak pressure regulation, the degree of stress concentration(caused by super mining) of the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway is reduced; the blasting roof cutting can control the structural form of overlying roof cantilever; the strong support makes the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway and the supporting materials form a support system with high strength, strong yield and integrity. Finally, it is concluded that the number of simultaneous mining working faces in Huating Coal Mine should not be more than 2, and the staggered distance between two working faces should not be less than 500 m. The blasting effect tested by the drilling stress gauge in ventilation roadway of working face 602 shows that the concentrated stress in surrounding rock mass decreases gradually. Therefore, it is considered that the control technology can effectively prevent the rock burst disaster caused by the stratified mining in steep-thick coal seams.
With the mining roadways with coal bumps of mining face 601 and 602 of Gansu Huating Coal Mine as the research background, through on-site in-situ stress field measurement and the mechanical analysis of the overlying surrounding rock structure, the main force source of the rock burst is identified to be a composite stress field formed by the synclinal tectonic stress field and the superimposed stress filed caused by multi-layered mining; the impact loading induced by the structural instability of overlying rock cantilever is the structural dynamic factor leading to coal bumps. Based on these results,the control technology of coal bumps is proposed with the core of "peak pressure regulation, blasting roof cutting and strong support" in the mining roadway in steep-thick coal seams. Through peak pressure regulation, the degree of stress concentration(caused by super mining) of the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway is reduced; the blasting roof cutting can control the structural form of overlying roof cantilever; the strong support makes the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway and the supporting materials form a support system with high strength, strong yield and integrity. Finally, it is concluded that the number of simultaneous mining working faces in Huating Coal Mine should not be more than 2, and the staggered distance between two working faces should not be less than 500 m. The blasting effect tested by the drilling stress gauge in ventilation roadway of working face 602 shows that the concentrated stress in surrounding rock mass decreases gradually. Therefore, it is considered that the control technology can effectively prevent the rock burst disaster caused by the stratified mining in steep-thick coal seams.
引文
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[13]杨胜利,张鹏,李福胜,等.急倾斜厚煤层水平分层综放工作面支架载荷确定[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(11):37-40.YANG Shengli,ZHANG Peng,LI Fusheng,et al.Load determination of powered supports for fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in horizontal slice of steep inclined thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(11):37-40.
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[15]鞠文君,李前,魏东,等.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采矿压特征[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(5):558-561.JU Wenjun,LI Qian,WEI Dong,et al.Pressure character in caving steep-inclined and extremely thick coal seam with horizontally grouped topcoal drawing mining method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(5):558-561.
[16]张基伟,王金安.大倾角特厚煤层悬顶结构能量分布特征与防冲方法[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):316-324.ZHANG Jiwei,WANG Jin’an.Energy distribution characteristics and rock burst control methods of steeper inclined thick coal seam hanging roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Sup 2):316-324.
[17]MARíA B,DíAZ A,GONZáLEZ C.Influence of the stress state in a coal bump-prone deep coal bed:a case study[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46:333-345.
[18]张月征,纪洪广,彭华,等.冲击地压与区域构造应力环境相关性及其应变响应特征[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):311-318.ZHANG Yuezheng,JI Hongguang,PENG Hua,et al.Correlation between rockburst and regional tectonic stress environment and its strain response characteristics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):311-318.
[19]HAIMSON B C,CORNET F H.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation-part 3:hydraulic fracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40:1011-1020.
[20]鞠文君.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采巷道冲击地压成因与防治技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[21]杨世杰,李前,魏东,等.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采动力灾害发生机理及其防治[J].煤矿开采,2008,13(2):68-71.YANG Shijie,LI Qian,WEI Dong,et al.Dynamic disaster mechanism and prevention of full-mechanized caving mining with horizontal sections in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seam[J].Coal Mining Technology,2008,13(2):68-71.
[22]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采场围岩整体结构与砌体梁力学模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(3):3-12.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Solid structure and model of voussoir beam of face surrounding rock[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(3):3-12.
[2]姜福兴,王平,冯增强,等.复合型厚煤层“震-冲”型动力灾害机理、预测与控制[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):1605-1609.JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,FENG Zengqiang,et al.Mechanism,prediction and control of“rock burst induced by shock bump”kind dynamic accident in composite thickness coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):1605-1609.
[3]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[4]姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等.我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205-213.JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al.State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205-213.
[5]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844-1851.PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,ZHANG Mengtao.Distribution,type,mechanism and prevention pf rock burst in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1844-1851.
[6]SAINOKI A,MITRI H S,YAO M K,et al.Discontinuous modelling approach for stress analysis at a seismic source:case study[J].Rock Mech Rock Eng,2016,49:4749-4765.
[7]窦林名,何学秋.煤矿冲击矿压的分级预测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(6):717-722.DOU Linming,HE Xueqiu.Technique of classification forecasting rock burst in coal mines[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(6):717-722.
[8]齐庆新,欧阳振华,赵善坤,等.我国冲击地压矿井类型及防治方法研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):1-5.QI Qingxin,OUYANG Zhenhua,ZHAO Shankun,et al.Study on types of rock burst mine and prevention methods in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):1-5.
[9]潘俊锋,毛德兵,蓝航,等.我国煤矿冲击地压防治技术研究现状及展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):21-25.PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,LAN Hang,et al.Study status and prospects of mine pressure bumping control technology in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):21-25.
[10]石平五,张幼振.急斜煤层放顶煤开采“跨层拱”结构分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):79-82.SHI Pingwu,ZHANG Youzhen.Structural analysis of arch of spanning strata of top coal caving in steep seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):79-82.
[11]戴华阳,郭俊廷,易四海,等.特厚急倾斜煤层水平分层开采岩层及地表移动机理[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1109-1115.DAI Huayang,GUO Junting,YI Sihai,et al.The mechanism of strata and surface movements induced by extra-thick steeply inclined coal seam applied horizontal slice mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1109-1115.
[12]来兴平,杨毅然,陈建强,等.急斜特厚煤层群采动应力畸变致诱动力灾害控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1610-1616.LAI Xingping,YANG Yiran,CHEN Jianqiang,et al.Control of dynamic hazards induced by mining stress distortion in extremely steep and thick coal seams[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1610-1616.
[13]杨胜利,张鹏,李福胜,等.急倾斜厚煤层水平分层综放工作面支架载荷确定[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(11):37-40.YANG Shengli,ZHANG Peng,LI Fusheng,et al.Load determination of powered supports for fully mechanized top coal caving mining face in horizontal slice of steep inclined thick seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2010,38(11):37-40.
[14]伍永平,曾佑富,解盘石,等.急倾斜重复采动软岩巷道失稳破坏分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(4):403-408.WU Yongping,ZENG Youfu,XIE Panshi,et al.Analysis of unstable failure of soft rock roadway in steep coal seam during repeat mining[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(4):403-408.
[15]鞠文君,李前,魏东,等.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采矿压特征[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(5):558-561.JU Wenjun,LI Qian,WEI Dong,et al.Pressure character in caving steep-inclined and extremely thick coal seam with horizontally grouped topcoal drawing mining method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(5):558-561.
[16]张基伟,王金安.大倾角特厚煤层悬顶结构能量分布特征与防冲方法[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(增刊2):316-324.ZHANG Jiwei,WANG Jin’an.Energy distribution characteristics and rock burst control methods of steeper inclined thick coal seam hanging roof[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(Sup 2):316-324.
[17]MARíA B,DíAZ A,GONZáLEZ C.Influence of the stress state in a coal bump-prone deep coal bed:a case study[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46:333-345.
[18]张月征,纪洪广,彭华,等.冲击地压与区域构造应力环境相关性及其应变响应特征[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):311-318.ZHANG Yuezheng,JI Hongguang,PENG Hua,et al.Correlation between rockburst and regional tectonic stress environment and its strain response characteristics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):311-318.
[19]HAIMSON B C,CORNET F H.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation-part 3:hydraulic fracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40:1011-1020.
[20]鞠文君.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分层开采巷道冲击地压成因与防治技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[21]杨世杰,李前,魏东,等.急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采动力灾害发生机理及其防治[J].煤矿开采,2008,13(2):68-71.YANG Shijie,LI Qian,WEI Dong,et al.Dynamic disaster mechanism and prevention of full-mechanized caving mining with horizontal sections in steeply inclined and extremely thick coal seam[J].Coal Mining Technology,2008,13(2):68-71.
[22]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采场围岩整体结构与砌体梁力学模型[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(3):3-12.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Solid structure and model of voussoir beam of face surrounding rock[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(3):3-12.
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