微物理过程和积云参数化方案对海南岛秋季暴雨模拟的影响
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摘要
利用WRF(ARW)V3.6模式模拟了2010年10月5—6日发生在海南的一次秋季大暴雨过程,从降水、风场、反射率和云结构等方面分析WRF模式中3个积云参数化方案(KF,BMJ,Tied Tke)和4个微物理参数化方案(Lin et al,WSM5,WSM6,Thompson)对海南岛秋季暴雨模拟的影响。结果表明:此次秋季暴雨过程模拟对不同的积云参数化方案和微物理参数化方案组合是比较敏感的,不同的积云参数化方案和微物理参数化方案组合通过调整温湿场结构,从而影响模拟降水的时间、强度和落区。对比发现,Thompson微物理方案的组合对于降水量级的模拟更为敏感,能较合理的描述暴雨发生发展过程中的水汽输送、热力和动力条件,并通过影响雨水混合比和云水混合比的高度和大小从而影响降水。其中Thompson微物理方案和Tied Tke积云方案的组合能较好的模拟出本次暴雨过程的特征,与实测最为接近,该组合模拟的最大垂直速度和反射率区与最大云水混合比对应。另外,积云方案和微物理方案的选择不影响水汽混合比的模拟。
The Advanced Research WRF(ARW) version 3.6 has been used to simulate a heavy rainfall event that has occurred on 5-6 October 2010 over Hainan Island.The impacts of three cumulus parameterization schemes(KF, BMJ, Tied Tke) and four microphysics parameterization schemes(Lin et al, WSM5, WSM6, Thompson) on heavy rainfall simulations are studied by means of precipitation, wind, reflectivity,and cloud structure.The results indicate that WRF model is sensitive to all combinations of cumulus parameterization schemes and microphysics parameterization schemes; each of them impacts greatly on time and location of rainfall intensity through regulating the structure of temperature and humidity fields.The combinations with Thompson scheme, which can catch the characterization of moisture transport, thermal and dynamic conditions, are more sensitive to the amount of precipitation than other combinational schemes during the development of heavy rainfall.The precipitation can be effected through changing the developing height and amount of cloud water mixing ratio and rain water mixing ratio.The Thompson scheme coupled with the Tied Tke scheme can simulate characteristics of the tropical rainstorm event well and results in the most close values to the observed data.The simulated maximum cloud water mixing ratio is at the position where the vertical velocity and reflectivity is also maximized.Additionally, the production of water vapor mixing ratio is independent of cumulus parameterization schemes and microphysics parameterization schemes.
The Advanced Research WRF(ARW) version 3.6 has been used to simulate a heavy rainfall event that has occurred on 5-6 October 2010 over Hainan Island.The impacts of three cumulus parameterization schemes(KF, BMJ, Tied Tke) and four microphysics parameterization schemes(Lin et al, WSM5, WSM6, Thompson) on heavy rainfall simulations are studied by means of precipitation, wind, reflectivity,and cloud structure.The results indicate that WRF model is sensitive to all combinations of cumulus parameterization schemes and microphysics parameterization schemes; each of them impacts greatly on time and location of rainfall intensity through regulating the structure of temperature and humidity fields.The combinations with Thompson scheme, which can catch the characterization of moisture transport, thermal and dynamic conditions, are more sensitive to the amount of precipitation than other combinational schemes during the development of heavy rainfall.The precipitation can be effected through changing the developing height and amount of cloud water mixing ratio and rain water mixing ratio.The Thompson scheme coupled with the Tied Tke scheme can simulate characteristics of the tropical rainstorm event well and results in the most close values to the observed data.The simulated maximum cloud water mixing ratio is at the position where the vertical velocity and reflectivity is also maximized.Additionally, the production of water vapor mixing ratio is independent of cumulus parameterization schemes and microphysics parameterization schemes.
引文
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[18]Tiedtke M.A Comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models[J].Monthly Weather Review,1989,117:1 779-1 800
[19]Zhang C X,Wang Y Q,Hamilton K.Improved representation of boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific in ARW-WRF using a modified Tiedtke cumulus parameterization scheme[J].Mon Wea Rev,2011,139:3 489-3 513
[20]杨仁勇,赵付竹,陈有龙.2010年10月海南岛一次特大暴雨过程数值模拟和诊断分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(3):255-263
[2]海南省气象局.海南省天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2013:228-229
[3]赵付竹,王凡,冯文.海南岛秋季暴雨天气的环流特征和形成机制初探[J].热带农业科学,2011,31(5):50-57
[4]冯文,符式红,赵付竹,等.近10年海南岛后汛期特大暴雨环流配置及其异常特征[J].气象,2015,41(2):143-152
[5]刘丽君,冯文,陈德明.东风急流影响下海南非热带气旋暴雨个例分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(4):328-333
[6]张大林.各种非绝热物理过程在中尺度模式中的作用[J].大气科学,1998,22(4):548-561
[7]楼小凤,胡志晋,王鹏云,等.中尺度模式云降水物理方案介绍[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(增刊):49-59
[8]陈静,薛纪善,颜宏.物理过程参数化方案对中尺度暴雨数值模拟影响的研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(2):203-218
[9]王斌,石燕,吴涛,等.鄂西北夏季对流云降水微物理过程数值模拟[J].暴雨灾害,2008,27(1):9-16
[10]陈炯,王建捷.边界层参数化方案对降水预报的影响[J].应用气象学报,2006,17(1):11-17
[11]Rama R Y V,Hatwar H R,Kamal S A,et al.An experiment using the high resolution eta and WRF models to forecast heavy precipitation over India[J].Pure Appl Geophys,2007,164(8):1 593-1 615
[12]伍华平,束炯,顾莹,等.暴雨模拟中积云对流参数化方案的对比试验[J].热带气象学报,2009,25(2):175-180
[13]廖镜彪,王雪梅,夏北成,等.WRF模式中微物理和积云参数化方案的对比试验[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(4):461-470
[14]朱格利,林万涛,曹艳华.用WRF模式中不同云微物理参数化方案对华南一次暴雨过程的数值模拟和性能分析[J].大气科学,2014,38(3):513-523
[15]汪雅,苗峻峰,谈哲敏.陆面过程参数化对宁波地区雷暴过程模拟的影响[J].大气科学学报,2015,38(3):299-309
[16]杨薇,苗峻峰,谈哲敏.陆面过程参数化对太湖地区雷暴过程模拟的影响[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(6):804-814
[17]闫之辉,邓莲堂.WRF模式中的微物理过程及其预报对比试验[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007,1(6):126
[18]Tiedtke M.A Comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models[J].Monthly Weather Review,1989,117:1 779-1 800
[19]Zhang C X,Wang Y Q,Hamilton K.Improved representation of boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific in ARW-WRF using a modified Tiedtke cumulus parameterization scheme[J].Mon Wea Rev,2011,139:3 489-3 513
[20]杨仁勇,赵付竹,陈有龙.2010年10月海南岛一次特大暴雨过程数值模拟和诊断分析[J].暴雨灾害,2014,33(3):255-263