基于三段进化论、杀神论和妖怪说的弗雷泽和柳田国男的信仰观阐释与比较
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摘要
论述了英国著名人类学家弗雷泽在其科学巨著《金枝》中提出的巫术信仰、宗教信仰和科学发展的三段论及杀神论思想对全世界的人类学研究、宗教信仰研究、习俗研究产生的巨大影响,梳理了日本民俗学之父柳田国男在代表作《妖怪谈义》和《远野物语》中对日本各地妖怪传说进行的分析归纳。研究发现,作为同时代的异国人,两人的思想具有一定的共同性。进而对两人提出的原始信仰概念、时代背景和信仰观念的内涵进行全面梳理和阐释,以期对原始信仰研究有所启示。
This paper discusses the three-paragraph theory of witchcraft belief,religious belief and scientific development and the theory of killing god put forward by Fraser,a famous British anthropologist,in his scientific masterpiece The Golden Bough,and the great influence of his thought on anthropological research,religious belief research and custom research all over the world.Kunio Yanagita analyzed the legends from various regions of yokai in Japan in his masterpieces Youkaidangi and The Legends of Tōno.The study found that as a contemporary foreigner,the two people's thoughts have certain commonalities.Furthermore,the original belief concept,the background of the times and the connotation of the beliefs proposed by them were summarized and interpreted,in order to inspire the original belief research.
This paper discusses the three-paragraph theory of witchcraft belief,religious belief and scientific development and the theory of killing god put forward by Fraser,a famous British anthropologist,in his scientific masterpiece The Golden Bough,and the great influence of his thought on anthropological research,religious belief research and custom research all over the world.Kunio Yanagita analyzed the legends from various regions of yokai in Japan in his masterpieces Youkaidangi and The Legends of Tōno.The study found that as a contemporary foreigner,the two people's thoughts have certain commonalities.Furthermore,the original belief concept,the background of the times and the connotation of the beliefs proposed by them were summarized and interpreted,in order to inspire the original belief research.
引文
[1]柳田国男.妖怪谈义[M].贾胜航,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2014.
[2]弗雷泽.金枝[M].徐育新,汪培基,张泽石,译.北京:大众文艺出版社,1998.
[3]郭秀娟.本·奥克利的困境和《迷魂之歌》的面纱策略[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(6):753-757.
[4]川田稔.柳田国男描绘的日本:民俗学与社会构想[M].郭连友,等译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008.
[5]柳田国男.日本怪谈录:民俗名家笔下的妖怪秘录[M].印祖玲,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2013:113.
[6]柳田国男.定本柳田国男集:第四卷[M].东京:筑摩書房,1963:449.
[7]柳田国男.柳田国男·山人論集成[M].大塚英志编.东京:角川ソフィア文庫,2013:213.
[8]荻原知也.柳田国男の民族論についての:考察[J].比較民俗研究,2002(18):122-131.
[9]赵京华.周作人与柳田国男[J].鲁迅研究月刊,2002(9):33-43.
[10]韩卓.希腊神话对西方流行文化的影响:从原型角度探讨[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(6):125-127.
[11]刘曼.人类学古典进化论者之文明镜像管窥:以《金枝》为切入点[J].湖南工业大学学报,2017,22(4):82.
[12]中村哲.柳田国男的思想[M].北京:北京法政大学出版社,1974:34.
[2]弗雷泽.金枝[M].徐育新,汪培基,张泽石,译.北京:大众文艺出版社,1998.
[3]郭秀娟.本·奥克利的困境和《迷魂之歌》的面纱策略[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(6):753-757.
[4]川田稔.柳田国男描绘的日本:民俗学与社会构想[M].郭连友,等译.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008.
[5]柳田国男.日本怪谈录:民俗名家笔下的妖怪秘录[M].印祖玲,译.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2013:113.
[6]柳田国男.定本柳田国男集:第四卷[M].东京:筑摩書房,1963:449.
[7]柳田国男.柳田国男·山人論集成[M].大塚英志编.东京:角川ソフィア文庫,2013:213.
[8]荻原知也.柳田国男の民族論についての:考察[J].比較民俗研究,2002(18):122-131.
[9]赵京华.周作人与柳田国男[J].鲁迅研究月刊,2002(9):33-43.
[10]韩卓.希腊神话对西方流行文化的影响:从原型角度探讨[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版),2012,14(6):125-127.
[11]刘曼.人类学古典进化论者之文明镜像管窥:以《金枝》为切入点[J].湖南工业大学学报,2017,22(4):82.
[12]中村哲.柳田国男的思想[M].北京:北京法政大学出版社,1974:34.