基于EMTP的配电系统终端雷电感应过电压防护分析
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摘要
配电线路因雷电感应导致故障的比例要远高于雷电直击,因此需要合理分析配电系统终端的雷电感应过电压防护。通过EMTP中的MODEL模块编程计算线路雷电感应过电压,分析雷击点距线路垂直距离和回击速度对配电终端过电压的影响,讨论不同负载性质下终端过电压随低压线路长度趋势,最后分析配电终端前安装SPD的防护效果。分析结果表明:10 kV线路附近发生雷击时,传递至低压配电终端的雷电感应过电压幅值仍然较高,会超过设备冲击耐受电压;配电终端雷电过电压随着雷击点距线路垂直距离的增加而降低,随着回击速度的增加而增大;配电终端过电压在阻性负载与感性负载幅值较小情况下随着220 V线路长度增加而降低,在容性负载情况下随着线路长度的增加而增大。配电终端前安装SPD后能够有效降低负载过电压,较好地保护终端设备。
The main factor of line faults caused by lightning is induced lightning rather than direct lightning,so it is necessary to analyze protection against lightning induced overvoltage on the distribution terminals. Lightning induced overvoltage was calculated by means of model in EMTP. Influence of vertical distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line and the current wave propagation speed on overvoltage of the distribution terminal were presented. Overvoltages of the distribution terminal with different line length and load types were also analyzed. Finally,effect of installing surge arresters was discussed.Results show that: transferred overvoltage due to lighting induction from 10 kV line remains high. Overvoltage of the distribution terminal increases with the decreasing of vertical distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line as well as the increasing of current wave propagation speed. Overvoltage increases with the increasing of line length under capacitive load while decreases with the increasing of line length under minor amplitude resistive load or inductive load. he load overvoltage can be effectively reduced,and the terminal equipment can be better protected when surge arresters are installed.
The main factor of line faults caused by lightning is induced lightning rather than direct lightning,so it is necessary to analyze protection against lightning induced overvoltage on the distribution terminals. Lightning induced overvoltage was calculated by means of model in EMTP. Influence of vertical distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line and the current wave propagation speed on overvoltage of the distribution terminal were presented. Overvoltages of the distribution terminal with different line length and load types were also analyzed. Finally,effect of installing surge arresters was discussed.Results show that: transferred overvoltage due to lighting induction from 10 kV line remains high. Overvoltage of the distribution terminal increases with the decreasing of vertical distance from lightning strike point to the overhead line as well as the increasing of current wave propagation speed. Overvoltage increases with the increasing of line length under capacitive load while decreases with the increasing of line length under minor amplitude resistive load or inductive load. he load overvoltage can be effectively reduced,and the terminal equipment can be better protected when surge arresters are installed.
引文
[1]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[2]横山茂.配电线路雷害对策[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[3]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[4]郭红霞,王兆军,王者龙,等.智能电表的雷电浪涌防护分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(4):120-124.GUO Hongxia,WANG Zhaojun,WANG Zhelong,et al.Analysis of lightning surge protection for intelligent ammeters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(4):120-124.
[5]杨剑锋,牛育忠,吕安璞,等.配电变压器低压侧负载雷电浪涌防护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2018(1):110-114.YANG Jianfeng,NIU Yozhong,LV Anpu,et al.Study on the lightning surge protection of the low voltage side load of distribution transformer[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2018(1):110-114.
[6]李云阁.ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[7]交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合设计规范GB50064-2014,[S].
[8]IEEE Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of E-lectric Power Overhead Distribution Lines IEEE Std.1410-2010.[S].
[9]RUSCK S.Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J].Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[10]王铁街.低压架空线路雷电感应过电压计算[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(6):761-764.WANG Tiejie.Calculation of lightning-induced overvoltage on low-voltage overhead power lines[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(6):761-764.
[11]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[12]Paolone M,Nucci C A,Borghetti A,et al.A New interface for lightning induced overvoltages calculation between EMTP and LIOV code[C]//IEEE PES Summer Meeting,Vancouver,Canada,2001:1-4.
[13]Kr H.Calculation of lightning-induced voltages in models including lossy ground effects[J].International Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2003)2003,1-6.
[14]FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[15]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[16]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46,50.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai.Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46,50.
[17]COORAY V.Calculating Lightning-induced Overvoltages in power-lines-a comparison of 2 coupling models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[18]陆小花.架空配电线路感应雷过电压计算与防护的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[19]YU H Q,CHEN S M,YANG P C.Study on lightning protection of cables and transformer in Microgrid[C]//China International Conference on Electricity Distribution,Nanjing,China,2011.
[20]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强.10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang.Study on application of line surge arresters to 10kV distribution line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[21]ERIKSSON A J.An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.
[2]横山茂.配电线路雷害对策[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[3]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[4]郭红霞,王兆军,王者龙,等.智能电表的雷电浪涌防护分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2017(4):120-124.GUO Hongxia,WANG Zhaojun,WANG Zhelong,et al.Analysis of lightning surge protection for intelligent ammeters[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2017(4):120-124.
[5]杨剑锋,牛育忠,吕安璞,等.配电变压器低压侧负载雷电浪涌防护研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2018(1):110-114.YANG Jianfeng,NIU Yozhong,LV Anpu,et al.Study on the lightning surge protection of the low voltage side load of distribution transformer[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2018(1):110-114.
[6]李云阁.ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[7]交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合设计规范GB50064-2014,[S].
[8]IEEE Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of E-lectric Power Overhead Distribution Lines IEEE Std.1410-2010.[S].
[9]RUSCK S.Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J].Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[10]王铁街.低压架空线路雷电感应过电压计算[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(6):761-764.WANG Tiejie.Calculation of lightning-induced overvoltage on low-voltage overhead power lines[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(6):761-764.
[11]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[12]Paolone M,Nucci C A,Borghetti A,et al.A New interface for lightning induced overvoltages calculation between EMTP and LIOV code[C]//IEEE PES Summer Meeting,Vancouver,Canada,2001:1-4.
[13]Kr H.Calculation of lightning-induced voltages in models including lossy ground effects[J].International Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2003)2003,1-6.
[14]FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[15]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[16]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46,50.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai.Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46,50.
[17]COORAY V.Calculating Lightning-induced Overvoltages in power-lines-a comparison of 2 coupling models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[18]陆小花.架空配电线路感应雷过电压计算与防护的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[19]YU H Q,CHEN S M,YANG P C.Study on lightning protection of cables and transformer in Microgrid[C]//China International Conference on Electricity Distribution,Nanjing,China,2011.
[20]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强.10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang.Study on application of line surge arresters to 10kV distribution line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[21]ERIKSSON A J.An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.
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