新型半主动调谐质量阻尼器减震性能的数值模拟
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摘要
为了改良被动式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对建筑结构的减震效果,本文提出了一种新型的可实时调节频率和电涡流阻尼的半主动调谐质量阻尼器(SATMD)。由Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)识别出结构的瞬时频率,通过基于HHT的控制算法实时调节SATMD的质量进行频率的调谐;通过基于线性二次型高斯(LQG)的控制算法实时调整磁导间距来调节电涡流阻尼系数。为了验证SATMD对建筑结构的减震效果,以一单自由度结构模型为例进行地震响应模拟,同时采用一经优化设计的被动TMD作为对比,并考虑由于主结构的累积损伤等引起自身频率下降而造成被动TMD的去谐效应。以主结构的加速度和位移时程峰值、整体均方根值及TMD的耗能性能作为评价指标,对比了SATMD在主结构发生损伤前后对被动TMD的改良效果。数值模拟结果表明,在主结构发生损伤前后,SATMD均比经优化设计的被动TMD有更好的减震效果及耗能能力。
In order to improve the effect of traditional tuned mass damper(TMD) under earthquake excitations, a novel TMD named semi-active TMD(SATMD) is proposed, which can retune its frequency and eddy current damping in real time. The structural instantaneous frequency is identified through Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT), and the mass of SATMD is adjusted through HHT-based control algorithm. The eddy current damping can be adjusted in real time through adjusting the air gap based on the linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)-based control algorithm. In order to verify the vibration control effect of the SATMD, a primary structure equipped with a SATMD excited by earthquake excitations is proposed as a numerical simulation. An optimal passive TMD is used for comparison and the detuning effect is considered, which is caused by the cumulative damage of primary structure. Maximum and root-mean-square(RMS) value of structural acceleration and displacement time history response, and energy dissipation effect of TMD are used as evaluation indexes. The results show that SATMD performs better than the optimized passive TMD both before and after damage occurs to the primary structure.
In order to improve the effect of traditional tuned mass damper(TMD) under earthquake excitations, a novel TMD named semi-active TMD(SATMD) is proposed, which can retune its frequency and eddy current damping in real time. The structural instantaneous frequency is identified through Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT), and the mass of SATMD is adjusted through HHT-based control algorithm. The eddy current damping can be adjusted in real time through adjusting the air gap based on the linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG)-based control algorithm. In order to verify the vibration control effect of the SATMD, a primary structure equipped with a SATMD excited by earthquake excitations is proposed as a numerical simulation. An optimal passive TMD is used for comparison and the detuning effect is considered, which is caused by the cumulative damage of primary structure. Maximum and root-mean-square(RMS) value of structural acceleration and displacement time history response, and energy dissipation effect of TMD are used as evaluation indexes. The results show that SATMD performs better than the optimized passive TMD both before and after damage occurs to the primary structure.
引文
[1] 施卫星, 王梁坤, 严俊, 等. 改进的自调频单摆式TMD的减振性能研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2018, 46(2): 40-45.SHI Weixing, WANG Liangkun, YAN Jun, et al. Performance of semi-adaptive pendulum-type tuned mass damper [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2018, 46(2): 40-45. (in Chinese)
[2] SHI W, WANG L, LU Z. Study on self-adjustable tuned mass damper with variable mass [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2017(16): e2114.
[3] Sun C, Nagarajaiah S. Study on semi-active tuned mass damper with variable damping and stiffness under seismic excitations [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2014, 21(6): 890-906.
[4] LIN G L, LIN C C, CHEN B C, et al. Vibration control performance of tuned mass dampers with resettable variable stiffness [J]. Engineering Structures, 2015, 83(1): 187-197.
[5] NAGARAJAIAH S. Adaptive passive, semi-active, smart tuned mass dampers: identification and control using empirical mode decomposition, Hilbert transform, and short-term Fourier transform [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. 2009, 16(7/8):800-841.
[6] Sun C, Nagarajaiah S, Dick A.J. Experimental investigation of vibration attenuation using nonlinear tuned mass damper and pendulum tuned mass damper in parallel [J]. Nonlinear Dynamics. 2014, 78(4): 2699-2715.
[7] 陈政清, 田静莹, 黄智文, 等. 板式电涡流阻尼系数的计算与试验修正方法[J]. 中国公路学报, 2016, 29(10): 46-53. CHEN Zhengqing, TIAN Jingying, HUANG Zhiwen, et al. Calculation and test correction method of plane type eddy current damping coefficient [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2016, 29(10): 46-53. (in Chinese)
[8] 陈政清, 张弘毅, 黄智文. 板式电涡流阻尼器有限元仿真与参数优化[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(18): 123-127. CHEN Zhengqing, ZAHNG Hongyi, HUANG Zhiwen. FEM simulation and parameter optimization of a planar eddy current damper [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(18): 123-127. (in Chinese)
[9] Eason R P, Sun C, Dick A J, et al. Attenuation of a linear oscillator using a nonlinear and a semi-active tuned mass damper in series [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2013, 332(1):154-166.
[10] 涂建维, 汪伯潮. 基于磁流变弹性体的调频TMD减振装置[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2015, 35(5): 29-34.TU Jianwei, WANG Bochao. The frequency adjustable tuned mass damper based on magnetorheological elastomers [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2015, 35(5): 29-34. (in Chinese)
[11] SHI W, WANG L, LU Z. et al. Study on adaptive-passive and semi-active eddy current tuned mass damper with variable damping [J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2): 99.
[12] 王梁坤, 施卫星. 电涡流单摆式TMD阻尼特性的有限元分析[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2018, 38(Z1): 499-503.WANG Liangkun, SHI Weixing. Finite element simulation of damping characteristic of eddy current pendulum TMD [J]. Noise and Vibration Control. 2018, 38(Z1): 499-503.
[13] LIN P Y, CHUNG L L, LOH C H. Semiactive control of building structures with semiactive tuned mass damper [J]. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2010, 20(1):35-51.
[2] SHI W, WANG L, LU Z. Study on self-adjustable tuned mass damper with variable mass [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2017(16): e2114.
[3] Sun C, Nagarajaiah S. Study on semi-active tuned mass damper with variable damping and stiffness under seismic excitations [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 2014, 21(6): 890-906.
[4] LIN G L, LIN C C, CHEN B C, et al. Vibration control performance of tuned mass dampers with resettable variable stiffness [J]. Engineering Structures, 2015, 83(1): 187-197.
[5] NAGARAJAIAH S. Adaptive passive, semi-active, smart tuned mass dampers: identification and control using empirical mode decomposition, Hilbert transform, and short-term Fourier transform [J]. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. 2009, 16(7/8):800-841.
[6] Sun C, Nagarajaiah S, Dick A.J. Experimental investigation of vibration attenuation using nonlinear tuned mass damper and pendulum tuned mass damper in parallel [J]. Nonlinear Dynamics. 2014, 78(4): 2699-2715.
[7] 陈政清, 田静莹, 黄智文, 等. 板式电涡流阻尼系数的计算与试验修正方法[J]. 中国公路学报, 2016, 29(10): 46-53. CHEN Zhengqing, TIAN Jingying, HUANG Zhiwen, et al. Calculation and test correction method of plane type eddy current damping coefficient [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2016, 29(10): 46-53. (in Chinese)
[8] 陈政清, 张弘毅, 黄智文. 板式电涡流阻尼器有限元仿真与参数优化[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(18): 123-127. CHEN Zhengqing, ZAHNG Hongyi, HUANG Zhiwen. FEM simulation and parameter optimization of a planar eddy current damper [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(18): 123-127. (in Chinese)
[9] Eason R P, Sun C, Dick A J, et al. Attenuation of a linear oscillator using a nonlinear and a semi-active tuned mass damper in series [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2013, 332(1):154-166.
[10] 涂建维, 汪伯潮. 基于磁流变弹性体的调频TMD减振装置[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 2015, 35(5): 29-34.TU Jianwei, WANG Bochao. The frequency adjustable tuned mass damper based on magnetorheological elastomers [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2015, 35(5): 29-34. (in Chinese)
[11] SHI W, WANG L, LU Z. et al. Study on adaptive-passive and semi-active eddy current tuned mass damper with variable damping [J]. Sustainability, 2018, 10(2): 99.
[12] 王梁坤, 施卫星. 电涡流单摆式TMD阻尼特性的有限元分析[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2018, 38(Z1): 499-503.WANG Liangkun, SHI Weixing. Finite element simulation of damping characteristic of eddy current pendulum TMD [J]. Noise and Vibration Control. 2018, 38(Z1): 499-503.
[13] LIN P Y, CHUNG L L, LOH C H. Semiactive control of building structures with semiactive tuned mass damper [J]. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 2010, 20(1):35-51.