非均称变形巷道变形破坏规律及支护对策
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摘要
针对回采等造成的非均称变形巷道支护难题,采用实验室实验、数值模拟、理论分析和现场工业试验的综合方法,研究了非均称变形巷道围岩位移、应力和塑性区等围岩稳定性指标变化规律,以及高强度分区锚网索支护作用,提出了非均称变形巷道高强度分区锚网索支护技术。研究结果表明:煤层回采等造成巷道周围应力非均称分布,导致围岩变形以顶板非均称下沉和两帮不对称位移为主;靠近采空区侧煤帮强度弱化,促使巷帮及顶板深部岩体向塑性破坏状态转变,围岩稳定性急剧劣化;同时,巷道帮部稳定性与顶板稳定性呈非线性正比关系,随着帮部变形量增加,顶板下沉量急剧增加,而顶板急剧下沉加速帮部煤体破坏。对顶板和两帮分区设计支护参数,增大采空区侧煤帮承载能力,减小顶板及实体煤帮围岩破坏范围,提高顶板以及作为顶板基础的两帮强度和抗变形能力,有效控制巷道非均称变形。
Aiming at supporting difficulties of non-symmetrical deformation roadway caused by backstopping, lab experiment,numerical stimulation, theoretical analysis and industrial field test have been adopted to study the change rule of roadway's stability indexes of the displacement, stress and plastic zone of non-symmetrical deformation roadway, and to determine the supporting function of highstrength partition anchor cable, based on which,the supporting technique of high-strength partition anchor cable of non-symmetrical stability roadway has been introduced. The results have shown that the non-symmetrical distribution of stress around roadway caused by coal seam recovery has led to that the non-symmetrical sinking of roof and non-symmetrical displacement of sides are main characteristics of roadway deformation. The strength of coal sidewall deformation has weakened, which has caused the roadside and the rock in deep roof to transform to plastic failure and has badly deteriorated the stability of the surrounding rock. Meanwhile, the stability of roadway sides and that of roof is of nonlinear proportional relationship, which means that as the deformation of roadway sides increases,the sinking will rapidly increase and accelerate the failure of sidewall coal. Partition supporting parameters would be designed on roof and sides for increasing loading capacity of gob coal side, decreasing the effect of the failure area of roof and coal side, enhancing the strength and anti-deformation ability of roof and sides as the base of roof rock and effectively controls the non-symmetrical deformation of roadway.
Aiming at supporting difficulties of non-symmetrical deformation roadway caused by backstopping, lab experiment,numerical stimulation, theoretical analysis and industrial field test have been adopted to study the change rule of roadway's stability indexes of the displacement, stress and plastic zone of non-symmetrical deformation roadway, and to determine the supporting function of highstrength partition anchor cable, based on which,the supporting technique of high-strength partition anchor cable of non-symmetrical stability roadway has been introduced. The results have shown that the non-symmetrical distribution of stress around roadway caused by coal seam recovery has led to that the non-symmetrical sinking of roof and non-symmetrical displacement of sides are main characteristics of roadway deformation. The strength of coal sidewall deformation has weakened, which has caused the roadside and the rock in deep roof to transform to plastic failure and has badly deteriorated the stability of the surrounding rock. Meanwhile, the stability of roadway sides and that of roof is of nonlinear proportional relationship, which means that as the deformation of roadway sides increases,the sinking will rapidly increase and accelerate the failure of sidewall coal. Partition supporting parameters would be designed on roof and sides for increasing loading capacity of gob coal side, decreasing the effect of the failure area of roof and coal side, enhancing the strength and anti-deformation ability of roof and sides as the base of roof rock and effectively controls the non-symmetrical deformation of roadway.
引文
[1]蒋金泉,韩继胜,石永奎.巷道围岩结构稳定性与控制设计[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999:61-66.
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[3]贺永年,韩立军,邵鹏,等.深部巷道稳定的若干岩石力学问题[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):288-295.HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,SHAO Peng,et al.Some problems of rock mechanics for roadways stability in depth[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):288-295.
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[7]樊克恭,蒋金泉.岩性弱结构巷道围岩的塑性区与松动圈形态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):5275-5280.FAN Kegong,JIANG Jinquan.Shape of plastic areas and fractured zone of surrounding rocks of roadways with weak lithology structures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Sup 1):5275-5280.
[8]刘传孝,杨永杰,王德青.跨采巷道围岩松动圈发育的结构特点[J].山东矿业学院学报,1998,17(2):153-156.LIU Chuanxiao,YANG Yongjie,WANG Deqing.The structural features of the broken ring of rock mass roadways round the under working face[J].Journal of Shandong Mining Institute,1998,17(2):153-156.
[9]樊克恭.巷道围岩弱结构损伤破坏效应与非均称控制机理研究[D].泰安:山东科技大学,2003.
[10]王连国,缪协兴,董建涛.动压巷道锚注支护数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):39-42.WANG Lianguo,MIAO Xiexing,DONG Jiantao.Numerical simulation of bolt-grouting support in soft roadway affected by mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):39-42.
[11]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生.采矿工程问题数值模拟研究和分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005:71-76.
[12]孙晓明,杨军,曹伍富.深部回采巷道锚网索耦合支护时空作用规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):895-900.SUN Xiaoming,YANG Jun,CAO Wufu.Research on space-time action rule of bolt-net-anchor coupling support for deep gateway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):895-900.
[13]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994:206-208.
[14]李世平.岩石力学简明教程[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1986:98-123.
[15]孙晓明.煤矿软岩巷道耦合支护理论研究及其设计系统开发[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2002.
[2]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰,等.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:71-77.
[3]贺永年,韩立军,邵鹏,等.深部巷道稳定的若干岩石力学问题[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(3):288-295.HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,SHAO Peng,et al.Some problems of rock mechanics for roadways stability in depth[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(3):288-295.
[4]孙晓明,张国锋,蔡峰,等.深部倾斜岩层巷道非对称变形机制及控制对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1137-1143.SUN Xiaoming,ZHANG Guofeng,CAI Feng,et al.Asymmetric deformation mechanism within inclined rock strata induced by excavation in deep roadway and its controlling countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1137-1143.
[5]孙晓明,何满潮.深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(2):166-169.SUN Xiaoming,HE Manchao.Numerical simulation research on coupling support theory of roadway within soft rock at depth[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(2):166-169.
[6]樊克恭,蒋金泉.弱结构巷道围岩变形破坏与非均称控制机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):54-59.FAN Kegong,JIANG Jinquan.Deformation failure and non-harmonious control mechanism of surrounding rocks of roadways with weak structures[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(1):54-59.
[7]樊克恭,蒋金泉.岩性弱结构巷道围岩的塑性区与松动圈形态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):5275-5280.FAN Kegong,JIANG Jinquan.Shape of plastic areas and fractured zone of surrounding rocks of roadways with weak lithology structures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Sup 1):5275-5280.
[8]刘传孝,杨永杰,王德青.跨采巷道围岩松动圈发育的结构特点[J].山东矿业学院学报,1998,17(2):153-156.LIU Chuanxiao,YANG Yongjie,WANG Deqing.The structural features of the broken ring of rock mass roadways round the under working face[J].Journal of Shandong Mining Institute,1998,17(2):153-156.
[9]樊克恭.巷道围岩弱结构损伤破坏效应与非均称控制机理研究[D].泰安:山东科技大学,2003.
[10]王连国,缪协兴,董建涛.动压巷道锚注支护数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):39-42.WANG Lianguo,MIAO Xiexing,DONG Jiantao.Numerical simulation of bolt-grouting support in soft roadway affected by mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):39-42.
[11]谢文兵,陈晓祥,郑百生.采矿工程问题数值模拟研究和分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005:71-76.
[12]孙晓明,杨军,曹伍富.深部回采巷道锚网索耦合支护时空作用规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):895-900.SUN Xiaoming,YANG Jun,CAO Wufu.Research on space-time action rule of bolt-net-anchor coupling support for deep gateway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):895-900.
[13]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994:206-208.
[14]李世平.岩石力学简明教程[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1986:98-123.
[15]孙晓明.煤矿软岩巷道耦合支护理论研究及其设计系统开发[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2002.