北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷古近系流二段滩坝沉积特征及控制因素
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摘要
滩坝是含油气盆地重要的油气储集体,对其展开研究可为盆地油气勘探和靶区优选提供指导。北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷流二段滩坝砂体富集,然而前人对其内部构型和控制要素研究较为薄弱,油气富集规律不清楚。利用三维地震、录井、测井和重矿物资料,对涠西南凹陷流二段滩坝砂体的沉积特征、内部构型和控制因素展开了细致分析,结果显示:滩坝砂体物源来自于南部企西隆起的正向鼻状构造和西边顺着3号断裂形成的扇三角洲,以粉砂岩和细砂岩沉积为主,结构成熟度高,表明滩坝砂体的形成经过了反复淘洗和搬运。利用高频层序划分,将滩坝沉积划分为5个期次,5期砂体在垂向上呈现出退积的叠置关系,其平面展布范围受控于水动力强度和物源方向。涠西南凹陷流二段滩坝沉积发育的控制因素主要包括:(1)较缓的古坡度和相对较弱的构造活动;(2)水体较浅且水动力较强;(3)湖平面的高频震荡;(4)点物源(扇三角洲)和线物源(鼻状构造)同时供源。储层物性对比分析显示第五期砂体和第三期砂体的物性最好,勘探潜力最大,其次为第四期砂体和第二期砂体,第一期砂体物性最差。
Beach-bars are the important reservoir in petroliferous basins and the analysis of beach-bars will provide guidance for hydrocarbon exploration target.Beach-bar sands of the second member of Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Depression are well developed.However,their characteristics and formation mechanisms were rarely analyzed in previous studies and so petroleum enrichment regulation is still unclear.Based on drilling cores,well data,three dimensional seismic and heavy mineral data,this paper studies in detail the sedimentary characteristics,distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of beach-bar sandbodies in the second member of Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Depression.The results indicate that beach-bar sand bodies come from nose structure of Qixi Uplift in the south and fan delta formed along the No.3fault.The beach-bar sand bodies are dominated by siltstone and fine sandstone.High textural maturity of sand bodies suggests beach-bars were deposited under high-frequency oscillations of the lake level.The beach-bar sand bodies are divided into five stages based on high frequency sequence.Vertically,the five-stage sand bodies retrograde from the bottom to the top.Laterally,distribution of the five-stage sand bodies is controlled by hydrodynamics and provenance direction.Several factors are probably responsible for the occurrence of beach-bars,including:(1)agentle palaeoslope and relatively weak structural activities;(2)a shallow-water condition with a strong hydrodynamic environment;(3)high-frequency oscillations of the lake level;(4) point(fan delta)and linear(nose structure)sediment sources.Reservoir quality of the third and fifth sand bodies are the best,followed by the fourth and second sand bodies,and reservoir quality of the first sand bodies are the worst.
Beach-bars are the important reservoir in petroliferous basins and the analysis of beach-bars will provide guidance for hydrocarbon exploration target.Beach-bar sands of the second member of Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Depression are well developed.However,their characteristics and formation mechanisms were rarely analyzed in previous studies and so petroleum enrichment regulation is still unclear.Based on drilling cores,well data,three dimensional seismic and heavy mineral data,this paper studies in detail the sedimentary characteristics,distribution patterns and formation mechanisms of beach-bar sandbodies in the second member of Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Depression.The results indicate that beach-bar sand bodies come from nose structure of Qixi Uplift in the south and fan delta formed along the No.3fault.The beach-bar sand bodies are dominated by siltstone and fine sandstone.High textural maturity of sand bodies suggests beach-bars were deposited under high-frequency oscillations of the lake level.The beach-bar sand bodies are divided into five stages based on high frequency sequence.Vertically,the five-stage sand bodies retrograde from the bottom to the top.Laterally,distribution of the five-stage sand bodies is controlled by hydrodynamics and provenance direction.Several factors are probably responsible for the occurrence of beach-bars,including:(1)agentle palaeoslope and relatively weak structural activities;(2)a shallow-water condition with a strong hydrodynamic environment;(3)high-frequency oscillations of the lake level;(4) point(fan delta)and linear(nose structure)sediment sources.Reservoir quality of the third and fifth sand bodies are the best,followed by the fourth and second sand bodies,and reservoir quality of the first sand bodies are the worst.
引文
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[2]张善文,曾溅辉,肖焕钦,等.济阳坳陷岩性油气藏充满度大小及分布特征[J].地质论评,2004,50(4):365-369.
[3]毛宁波,范哲清,李玉海,等.歧南洼陷西斜坡滩坝砂隐蔽油气藏研究与评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(4):455-461.
[4]宋春晖,王新民,师永民,等.青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):51-57.
[5] Taylor A W,Ritts B D.Mesoscale heterogeneity of fluvial-lacustrine reservoir analogus:Examples from the Eocene Green River and Colton Formations,Uinta Basin,Utah,USA[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,2004,27(1):3-25.
[6]李国斌,姜在兴,陈诗望,等.利津洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征及控制因素分析[J].中国地质,2008,35(5):911-921.
[7]张宇.东营凹陷西部沙四段上亚段滩坝砂体的沉积特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(6):35-38.
[8]操应长,王健,刘惠民,等.东营凹陷南坡沙四上亚段滩坝砂体的沉积特征及模式[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(6):5-10.
[9]操应长,王健,刘惠民.利用环境敏感粒度组分分析滩坝砂体水动力学机制的初步探讨:以东营凹陷西部沙四上滩坝砂体沉积为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):274-284.
[10]赵宁,邓宏文.沾化凹陷桩西地区沙二上亚段滩坝沉积规律及控制因素研究[J].沉积学报,2010,28(3):441-450.
[11]Jiang Z X,Liu H,Zhang S W,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of large-scale lacustrine beach-bars and their formation in the Eocene Boxing Sag of Bohai Bay Basin,East China[J].Sedimentology,2011,58(5):1087-1112.
[12]Jiang Z X,Liang S Y,Zhang Y F,et al.Sedimentary hydrodynamic study of sand bodies in the upper subsection of the 4th Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the eastern Dongying Depression,China[J].Petroleum Science,2014,11(2):189-199.
[13]田继军,姜在兴.惠民凹陷与东营凹陷沙四上亚段滩坝沉积特征对比与分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):612-0623.
[14]邬金华,张哲,王柏轩.东营凹陷沙一段滩坝-泻湖沉积体系和层序发育的控制特点[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1998,23(1):21-62.
[15]陈世悦,杨剑萍,操应长.惠民凹陷西部下第三系沙河街组两种滩坝沉积特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(3):1-4.
[16]邓宏文,马立祥,姜正龙,等.车镇凹陷大王北地区沙二段滩坝成因类型、分布规律与控制因素研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):715-724.
[17]林会喜,邓宏文,秦雁群,等.层序演化对滩坝储集层成藏要素与分布的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):680-689.
[18]才巨宏.综合应用波形分析及地震特征反演技术预测滩坝砂岩:以博兴洼陷梁108地区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(3):42-44.
[19]刘书会.薄层属性分析中存在的问题及解决方法:以东营凹陷梁108地区滩坝砂岩为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2):56-58.
[20]罗红梅,朱毅秀,穆星,等.渤海湾渤南洼陷深层湖相滩坝储集层沉积微相预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):182-190.
[21]赵东娜,朱筱敏,董艳蕾,等.地震沉积学在湖盆缓坡滩坝砂体预测中的应用:以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):55-61.
[22]李秀华,肖焕钦,王宁.东营凹陷博兴洼陷沙四段上亚段储集层特征及油气富集规律[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):21-24.
[23]苏永进,蒋有录,廉庆存,等.博兴洼陷下第三系沙四上亚段和沙三段岩性油藏形成机制[J].石油学报,2005,26(5):28-32.
[24]王永诗,刘惠民,高永进,等.断陷湖盆滩坝砂体成因与成藏:以东营凹陷沙四上亚段为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):100-107.
[25]王健,操应长,李俊良,等.北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷南坡古近系流二段滩坝砂体分布规律[J].沉积学报,2013,31(3):536-544.
[26]刘恩涛,王华,林正良,等.北部湾盆地福山凹陷构造转换带及其油气富集规律[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(10):3946-3953.
[27]Plint A G,Nummedal D.The falling stage systems tract:Recognition and importance in sequence stratigraphic analysis[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2000,172(1):1-17.
[28]付玲,关平,赵为永,等.柴达木盆地古近系路乐河组重矿物特征与物源分析[J].岩石学报,2013,29(8):2867-2875.
[29]廖婉琳,肖龙,张雷,等.新疆西准噶尔早石炭世沉积地层的物源及构造环境[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2015,40(3):485-503.
[30]Galloway W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems:Component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classification[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):287-288.
[31]Paul J M,Peter M I,Dale A L.Use of micromorphology for palaeoenvironmental interpretation of complex alluvial palaeosols:An example from the MillCreek Formation(Albian),southwestern Alberta,Canada[J].Palaeogeogr.,Palaeoclimatol.,Palaeoecol.,1998,143(1/3):87-110.
[32]Lemons D R,Chan M A.Faciès architecture and sequence stratigraphy of fine-grained lacustrine deltas along the eastern margin of Late Pleistocene lake bonneville,Northern Utah and Southern Idaho[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(4):635-665.
[33]Soreghan M J,Cohen A S.Textural and compositional variability across littoral segments of Lake Tanganyika:The effect of asymmetric basin structure on sedimentation in large rift lakes[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(3):382-409.
[34]Sun X N,Liu Y,Man Y.The accumulation conditions of beach-bar sand bodies of Ess4,western Dongying Depression[J].Foreign Oilfield Eng.,2003,19(7):24-25.
[35]Yuan H J.Prediction of beach bar sand reservoirs off shoreshallow lake facies in Boxing Subsag of Dongying Sag[J].Oil Gas Geol.,2007,28(4):497-503.
[36]胡德胜,邓勇,李安琪,等.涠西南凹陷南斜坡流二段成藏条件新认识及勘探实践[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(5):30-38.
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