杜仲皮水提物对虹鳟生长和肌肉品质、质构特性的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究杜仲皮水提物对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)生长和肌肉品质、质构特性的影响。选取体质健康、平均体重(145.56±4.12) g的虹鳟450尾,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。各组分别在基础饲料中添加浓度为0(对照组)、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%和4.0%的杜仲皮水提物。试验期为10周。结果表明:1)各组之间终末体重、增重率、成活率、特定生长率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)各组间肌肉pH45 min、pH24 h均无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组肌肉pH下降率最高,且显著高于2.0%和4.0%组(P<0.05),0.5%和1.0%组显著高于4.0%组(P<0.05)。3)各组间肌肉离心失水率、冷冻渗出率均无显著差异(P>0.05),1.0%组肌肉滴水损失显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。4) 4.0%组肌肉弹力和弹性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4.0%组肌肉胶着性和咀嚼性显著高于1.0%组(P<0.05),4.0%组肌肉内聚性显著高于1.0%、2.0%和对照组(P<0.05)。5) 1.0%和4.0%组肌肉肌纤维直径显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。肌肉肌纤维密度随着杜仲皮水提物浓度的增加而增大,0.5%、1.0%、2.0%和4.0%组之间肌纤维密度无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合以上各项指标,建议饲料中添加浓度为4.0%杜仲皮水提物以改善虹鳟肌肉品质。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract on growth and muscle quality and texture characteristics of rainbow trout( Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 450 healthy rainbow trout with an average body weight of( 145.56±4.12) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Fish in the 5 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract at the concentrations of 0( control group),0.5%,1.0%,2.0%and 4.0%,respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant difference in the final body weight,weight gain rate,specific growth rate and survival rate among all groups( P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the muscle pH45 minand pH24 hamong all groups( P> 0.05). The muscle pH descent rate of the control group was the highest,and significantly higher than that of 2.0% and 4.0% groups( P<0.05),and the muscle pH descent rate of 0. 5% and 1. 0% groups was significantly higher than that of 4.0% group( P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the water losing ratio and thawing loss rate in muscle among all groups( P>0.05),while the muscle drip loss of 1.0% group was significantly higher than that of other groups( P < 0. 05). 4) The muscle elastic force and springiness of 4.0% group were significantly higher than those of the control group( P < 0.05),the muscle gumminess and chewiness of 4.0% group were significantly higher than those of 1.0% group( P<0.05),and the muscle cohesiveness of 4.0%group was significantly higher than that of 1. 0%,2. 0% groups and control group( P < 0. 05). 5) The muscle myofiber diameter of 1.0 and 4.0% groups was significantly lower than that of the control group( P<0.05). The muscle myofiber density was increased with the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract concentration increased,there were no significant differences in the muscle myofiber density among 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0% groups( P>0.05),but that of 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0% groups was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). In conclusion,it was suggested that added 4% Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract can effectively improve the muscle quality of rainbow trout.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract on growth and muscle quality and texture characteristics of rainbow trout( Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total of 450 healthy rainbow trout with an average body weight of( 145.56±4.12) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. Fish in the 5 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract at the concentrations of 0( control group),0.5%,1.0%,2.0%and 4.0%,respectively. The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant difference in the final body weight,weight gain rate,specific growth rate and survival rate among all groups( P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the muscle pH45 minand pH24 hamong all groups( P> 0.05). The muscle pH descent rate of the control group was the highest,and significantly higher than that of 2.0% and 4.0% groups( P<0.05),and the muscle pH descent rate of 0. 5% and 1. 0% groups was significantly higher than that of 4.0% group( P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the water losing ratio and thawing loss rate in muscle among all groups( P>0.05),while the muscle drip loss of 1.0% group was significantly higher than that of other groups( P < 0. 05). 4) The muscle elastic force and springiness of 4.0% group were significantly higher than those of the control group( P < 0.05),the muscle gumminess and chewiness of 4.0% group were significantly higher than those of 1.0% group( P<0.05),and the muscle cohesiveness of 4.0%group was significantly higher than that of 1. 0%,2. 0% groups and control group( P < 0. 05). 5) The muscle myofiber diameter of 1.0 and 4.0% groups was significantly lower than that of the control group( P<0.05). The muscle myofiber density was increased with the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract concentration increased,there were no significant differences in the muscle myofiber density among 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0% groups( P>0.05),but that of 0.5%,1.0%,2.0% and 4.0% groups was significantly higher than that of the control group( P<0.05). In conclusion,it was suggested that added 4% Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark aqueous extract can effectively improve the muscle quality of rainbow trout.
引文
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[2]农业部渔业渔政管理局编制.中国渔业统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.
[3]张峰,权生林.虹鳟鱼人工繁殖和养殖技术[J].水产养殖,2015,36(12):22-24.
[4]班红琴,吴垠.盐度对虹鳟耗氧率及排氨氯的影响[J].河北渔业,2011(11):6-9.
[5]木子.适当停食能改善鱼的肉质[J].饲料研究,1999(7):30.
[6]崔惟东,冷向军,李小勤,等.虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(6):987-995.
[7]徐奇友,李婵,许红,等.茶多酚对虹鳟生长性能、生化指标和非特异性免疫指标的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会.中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十次学术研讨会论文集.北京:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2008:1.
[8]张娟娟,李小勤,冷向军,等.外源蛋白酶对虹鳟生长和肠道组织结构的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):534-538.
[9]XU J K,LI M F,SUN R C.Identifying the impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on polysaccharides and natural antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Process Biochemistry,2015,50(3):473-481.
[10]DEYAMA T,NISHIBE S,NAKAZAWA Y.Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng[J].Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2001,22(12):1057-1070.
[11]王志宏,彭胜,雷明盛,等.杜仲主要生物活性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2013,25(9):1302-1309.
[12]周艳.杜仲叶多酚提取物对猪肉品质及绿原酸缓解肝-肠损伤研究[D].博士学位论文.南昌:南昌大学,2015.
[13]石海仁,滚双宝,张生伟,等.杜仲叶对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):350-359.
[14]陈玉敏.杜仲叶提取物对AA肉鸡的生长性能、抗氧化功能及肉品质的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2015.
[15]SUN W T,LI X Q,XU H B,et al.Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth,flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2017,23(6):1254-1263.
[16]SUN W T,LI X Q,XU H B,et al.Effects of dietary geniposide on growth,flesh quality,and lipid metabolism of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2017,48(6):927-937.
[17]SUN W T,XU X Y,LI X Q,et al.Effects of dietary geniposidic acid on growth performance,flesh quality and collagen gene expression of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2018,24(3):1112-1121.
[18]许晓莹,李小勤,孙文通,等.杜仲对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和胶原蛋白基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):787-796.
[19]石英,冷向军,李小勤,等.杜仲叶提取物对异育银鲫生长、血清非特异性免疫和肌肉品质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2008,34(2):200-206.
[20]谢丽玲,曹俊辉,杨素霞,等.中草药作为饲料添加剂养殖罗非鱼试验[J].水产科学,2009,28(1):11-14.
[21]胡映霞,牛爱华,童文辉.饲料中添加杜仲叶粉对网箱养殖鲤鱼效果试验初报[J].中国农村小康科技,2005(12):49-51.
[22]SRIKANCHAI T,MURANI E,WIMMERS K,et al.Four loci differentially expressed in muscle tissue depending on water-holding capacity are associated with meat quality in commercial pig herds[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2010,37(1):595-601.
[23]BARRERA A M,RAMREZ J A,GONZLEZ-CABRI-ALES J J,et al.Effect of pectins on the gelling properties of surimi from silver carp[J].Food Hydrocolloids,2002,16(5):441-447.
[24]林建斌,朱庆国,梁萍,等.不同添加剂对团头鲂生长性能和肌肉品质的影响[J].福建农业学报,2015,30(7):636-641.
[25]刘波,冷向军,李小勤,等.中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、血淋巴非特异性免疫和肌肉成分的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(4):528-534.
[26]孙文通.杜仲活性成分对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和胶原蛋白基因表达的影响[D].博士学位论文.上海:上海海洋大学,2017.
[27]冷向军,孟晓林,李家乐,等.杜仲叶对草鱼生长、血清非特异性免疫指标和肉质影响的初步研究[J].水产学报,2008,32(3):434-440.
[28]孟晓林,冷向军,李小勤,等.杜仲对草鱼鱼种生长和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(4):329-333.
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