水肥一体化条件下氮肥类型对水稻生理指标及产量的影响
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摘要
近年来水肥一体化在经济作物上得到了大量应用,然而水稻作为主要粮食作物,关于水稻水肥一体化的研究较为缺乏,为了提高水稻水肥一体化技术的灌溉施肥效果,选择水稻水肥一体化适宜的氮肥种类,通过盆栽试验,研究了水肥一体化条件下不同氮肥对水稻生长发育、产量及产量构成要素的影响。结果表明:氯化铵和硫酸铵有助于促进水稻分蘖,从而获得更多的有效穗数;氯化铵有利于水稻植株株型的改善;硫酸铵有利于水稻植株叶绿素的合成,在穗粒结构及产量上均优于其他类型肥料,综合考虑产量和外在形态,硫酸铵是实施水稻水肥一体化技术的理想氮肥品种。
The integration of water and fertilizer has been widely used in economic crops. However, as a major food crop, the research on the integration of water and fertilizer in rice is relatively insufficient. In order to improve the effect of irrigation and fertilization of water and fertilizer integration technology on rice, a field experiment was carried out in this paper to analyze the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types on physiological indices and yield of rice under integrated water and fertilizer conditions. Results indicate that ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate contribute to the promotion of rice tillering so as to obtain more effective panicles, ammonium chloride is beneficial to the improvement of plant type of rice; ammonium sulfate is beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll in rice plants and it is superior to other fertilizers in the structure and yield of panicle and grain. Therefore, it is an ideal nitrogen fertilizer for the implementation of integrated water and fertilizer technology in rice.
The integration of water and fertilizer has been widely used in economic crops. However, as a major food crop, the research on the integration of water and fertilizer in rice is relatively insufficient. In order to improve the effect of irrigation and fertilization of water and fertilizer integration technology on rice, a field experiment was carried out in this paper to analyze the effects of nitrogen fertilizer types on physiological indices and yield of rice under integrated water and fertilizer conditions. Results indicate that ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate contribute to the promotion of rice tillering so as to obtain more effective panicles, ammonium chloride is beneficial to the improvement of plant type of rice; ammonium sulfate is beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll in rice plants and it is superior to other fertilizers in the structure and yield of panicle and grain. Therefore, it is an ideal nitrogen fertilizer for the implementation of integrated water and fertilizer technology in rice.
引文
[1] 陈喜靖,孔海明,奚辉,等.水肥一体化应用的主要技术及方法[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(6):757-761.
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[5] 袁洪波,李莉,王俊衡,等.温室水肥一体化营养液调控装备设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):27-32.
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[8] 朱镇,赵庆勇,张亚东,等.优良食味粳稻新品种南粳9108产量及其构成因素的通径分析[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(8):1-3,8.
[9] 施正连.脲铵氮肥在水稻上的应用效果[J].农业装备技术,2010,36(1):28-29.
[10] 朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[11] 周丕东,石孝均,毛知耘.氯化铵中氯的硝化抑制效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):397-403.
[2] 廉晓娟,王艳,李明悦,等.不同水肥管理模式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及经济效益的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2016(12):22-25.
[3] 孟亮,张文明,邱晓丽,等.水肥一体化技术对辣椒干物质积累及养分吸收规律的影响[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(5):290-296.
[4] 刘传和,陈少华,黎锦洪.水肥一体化对山地栽培菠萝生长及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(1):102-106.
[5] 袁洪波,李莉,王俊衡,等.温室水肥一体化营养液调控装备设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):27-32.
[6] 朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783.
[7] 何双红,魏永霞.水肥耦合条件下水稻株高及其与产量关系组成分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(4):129-132.
[8] 朱镇,赵庆勇,张亚东,等.优良食味粳稻新品种南粳9108产量及其构成因素的通径分析[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(8):1-3,8.
[9] 施正连.脲铵氮肥在水稻上的应用效果[J].农业装备技术,2010,36(1):28-29.
[10] 朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1):1-6.
[11] 周丕东,石孝均,毛知耘.氯化铵中氯的硝化抑制效应研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(4):397-403.