北方滨海盐碱化地区宅基地复垦效果评价
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摘要
为保证农村宅基地复垦后的耕地质量,以北方滨海盐碱化地区为研究区域,选择具有代表性的天津津南区葛沽镇进行农村宅基地复垦模式的研究,基于水盐调控、土壤功能重构、生物选择和微区改土4种复垦技术,提出了3种集成复垦模式。选取土壤含盐量、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾作为评价指标,采用基于主成分分析的模糊综合评判法对不同复垦模式的效果分层进行评价。结果表明:复垦前各层的土壤养分属于中等偏低水平,0～20 cm土层的养分比40～60 cm的较差。经过2年复垦后,复垦集成模式1对有机质、碱解氮和速效钾改善较大,模式2对土壤中各评价指标的改善均较大,模式3可明显降低土壤含盐量。3种集成复垦模式均提高了土壤各层有机质、碱解氮、速效钾等含量,降低了土壤中的含盐量,土壤养分达到了高等水平。该研究可为北方滨海盐碱化地区的宅基地复垦提供技术支持和理论依据。
In order to ensure the quality of cultivated land after the reclamation of rural residential land, the northern coastal salinization area is taken as the research area, and the representative Tianjin Gegu Town of Jinnan District is selected to carry out the research of rural homestead reclamation mode. Based on four kinds of reclamation techniques, such as water and salt regulation, soil function reconstruction, biological selection and micro-regional soil improvement, three integrated reclamation modes were proposed. Soil salinity, organic matter, alkali-soluble nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were selected as evaluation indexes. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis was used to evaluate the effect layering of different reclamation modes. The results showed that the soil nutrients in the layers before reclaimation were moderately low, and the soil nutrients in the near ground were worse than those in the lower layer. After one year of reclamation, the reclaimed integrated model 1 improved the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available potassium; the mode 2 improved the evaluation indexes in the soil; the mode 3 improved the salt content in the soil. The three integrated reclamation modes increased the content of organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available potassium in various layers of soil,reduced the salt content in the soil, and imporved the soil nutrients to a high level. The study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the reclamation of homesteads in the northern coastal salinization area.
In order to ensure the quality of cultivated land after the reclamation of rural residential land, the northern coastal salinization area is taken as the research area, and the representative Tianjin Gegu Town of Jinnan District is selected to carry out the research of rural homestead reclamation mode. Based on four kinds of reclamation techniques, such as water and salt regulation, soil function reconstruction, biological selection and micro-regional soil improvement, three integrated reclamation modes were proposed. Soil salinity, organic matter, alkali-soluble nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were selected as evaluation indexes. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on principal component analysis was used to evaluate the effect layering of different reclamation modes. The results showed that the soil nutrients in the layers before reclaimation were moderately low, and the soil nutrients in the near ground were worse than those in the lower layer. After one year of reclamation, the reclaimed integrated model 1 improved the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available potassium; the mode 2 improved the evaluation indexes in the soil; the mode 3 improved the salt content in the soil. The three integrated reclamation modes increased the content of organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available potassium in various layers of soil,reduced the salt content in the soil, and imporved the soil nutrients to a high level. The study can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the reclamation of homesteads in the northern coastal salinization area.
引文
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[22]Wei X F,Liu Y X,Liang H X,et al.Application of biotechnology in environmental remediation of mining area[J].Agricultural Science and Technology,2016,17(7):1714-1717.
[23]王仰仁,周青云,孙书洪,等.滨海盐碱地微区改土系统刍议[J].天津农学院学报,2011,18(4):45-48.
[2]余劲,孙春阳.中国农村居民点土地整理研究评述[J].中国土地科学,2008,22(5):69-71.
[3]Vimercati L,Cavone D,Lovreglio P,et al.Environmental asbestos exposure and mesothelioma cases in Bari,Apulia region,southern Italy:a national interest site for land reclamation[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017(89):307-314.
[4]Lee S H,Ji W,Yang H J,et al.Reclamation of mine-degraded agricultural soils from metal mining:lessons from 4 years of monitoring activity in Korea[J].Environ Earth Sci,2017,76:720.
[5]Karan S K,Kumar A,Samadder S R.Evaluation of geotechnical properties of overburden dump for better reclamation success in mining areas[J].Environ Earth Sci,2017,76:770.
[6]Kim S C,Oh S J,Oh S M,et al.In situ reclamation of closed coal mine waste in Korea using coal ash[J].Appl Biol Chem,2017,60(3):265-272.
[7]Cho H,Park J Y.Development of a leaching assessment framework for the utilization of coal ash at South Korean mine reclamation sites[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2018,20(3):1437-1447.
[8]Buss J,Stratechuk K,Pinno B D.Growth and competition among understory plants varies with reclamation soil and fertilization[J].Ecological Processes,2018,7:12.
[9]Li J T,Liu Y S,Yang Y Y.Land use change and effect analysis of tideland reclamation in Hangzhou Bay[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2018,15(2):394-405.
[10]闫锐,李彦霖,邓良基,等.3种有机物料对宅基地复垦土壤易变有机碳的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):233-241.
[11]张宏,高明,乔亮,等.农村宅基地复垦耕地不同种植模式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):91-96,170.
[12]乔亮,王丹,高明,等.三峡库区农村宅基地复垦耕地地力评价--以重庆市涪陵区为例[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(3):365-372.
[13]华颖.重庆市农村宅基地复垦耕地快速培肥技术研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[14]孙亚芳,王祖伟.农村宅基地复垦耕地适宜性评价-以天津市西青区为例[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(6):24-31.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[16]刘广明,吕真真,杨劲松,等.基于主成分分析及GIS的环渤海区域土壤质量评价[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(1):67-72.
[17]郭义强,罗明,王军.中德典型露天煤矿排土场土地复垦技术对比研究[J].中国矿业,2016,25(2):63-68.
[18]王学东,谭辉.马钢凹山排土场废弃地土壤重构与土壤养分变异关系[J].现代矿业,2014(6):100-101,104.
[19]侯颖,丁锦平,裴冬丽.施肥方式对采煤塌陷地复垦土壤微生物群落的影响[J].广东农业科学,2018,45(6):63-67.
[20]韩建均.滨海盐渍土地区土壤水盐调控和改良措施的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[21]桂枝,高建明.盐碱胁迫对不同品种三叶草抗性生理特性的影响[J].天津农学院学报,2016,23(3):1-4.
[22]Wei X F,Liu Y X,Liang H X,et al.Application of biotechnology in environmental remediation of mining area[J].Agricultural Science and Technology,2016,17(7):1714-1717.
[23]王仰仁,周青云,孙书洪,等.滨海盐碱地微区改土系统刍议[J].天津农学院学报,2011,18(4):45-48.
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