企业家灵性资本如何影响员工主动性行为?
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摘要
企业家灵性资本是关于企业家的核心价值观、人生观、世界观等终极信念的高层次精神资本,能牵引企业家对企业中的各种要素进行统筹和使用,促进员工成长和企业持续发展。本文以15家"独角兽"等高新技术型企业294名员工的调查样本为基础,依据社会信息加工理论探究了企业家灵性资本与员工工作主动性行为之间的关系。结果表明,企业家灵性资本对员工主动性行为具有正向影响;心理资本、心理安全感的中介效应显著;在关系亲近性即员工对企业家情感亲和性和心理粘性的主观体验的调节下,企业家灵性资本通过心理安全感的中介作用对员工的主动性行为产生了正向的影响。本研究深入探究了企业家灵性资本的影响机制,为研究员工激励以及促进企业发展等问题提供了新的视角。
Entrepreneurial spiritual capital is the high-level spiritual capital of entrepreneurs in their core values, outlook on life, world outlook and other ultimate beliefs. It can lead entrepreneurs to combine and use the various elements of the organization. It is of great significance to the growth of employees and the sustainable development of enterprises. In an organizational environment, spiritual entrepreneurs influence employees' psychological capital level and psychological security perception by building great organizational vision and firm beliefs, and giving altruistic love to employees to meet their spiritual needs of pursuing excellence, self-realization and being recognized by others, to further influence employees' initiative and proactive behavior. Meanwhile, due to individual differences in the understanding of information in the organizational environment, when employees have different perceptions of the proximity of the relationship with entrepreneurs, their psychological capital level and perception of psychological security will be affected. So based on the survey of 294 employees in 15 high-tech enterprises such as Unicorn, this paper explores the relationship between entrepreneurs' spiritual capital and employees' work initiative according to the social information processing theory.The results show that: spiritual capital has a positive impact on employees' proactive behavior;psychological capital and psychological safety have a significant mediating effect; under the relational closeness moderating, which means the subjective experience of employees' emotional affinity and psychological stickiness of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial spiritual capital has a positive impact on employees' initiative and proactive behavior through the mediating role of psychological sense of security.Although there are many problems in this study which need to be further explored, we still find that entrepreneurs' spiritual capital has important value in the growth of employees and the future development of enterprises. We propose the impact of entrepreneurial spiritual capital on employees' proactive behavior in order to encourage future managers to focus on self-management and employees' development, learn to respect human nature, pay more attention to creating the spiritual organizational climate. Just like many scholars said, the improvement of their spiritual pursuit, the cultivation of learning ability, and the pursuit of a high degree of soul will not only affect every individual of enterprises, but also greatly promote the realization of organizational goals and values.
Entrepreneurial spiritual capital is the high-level spiritual capital of entrepreneurs in their core values, outlook on life, world outlook and other ultimate beliefs. It can lead entrepreneurs to combine and use the various elements of the organization. It is of great significance to the growth of employees and the sustainable development of enterprises. In an organizational environment, spiritual entrepreneurs influence employees' psychological capital level and psychological security perception by building great organizational vision and firm beliefs, and giving altruistic love to employees to meet their spiritual needs of pursuing excellence, self-realization and being recognized by others, to further influence employees' initiative and proactive behavior. Meanwhile, due to individual differences in the understanding of information in the organizational environment, when employees have different perceptions of the proximity of the relationship with entrepreneurs, their psychological capital level and perception of psychological security will be affected. So based on the survey of 294 employees in 15 high-tech enterprises such as Unicorn, this paper explores the relationship between entrepreneurs' spiritual capital and employees' work initiative according to the social information processing theory.The results show that: spiritual capital has a positive impact on employees' proactive behavior;psychological capital and psychological safety have a significant mediating effect; under the relational closeness moderating, which means the subjective experience of employees' emotional affinity and psychological stickiness of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial spiritual capital has a positive impact on employees' initiative and proactive behavior through the mediating role of psychological sense of security.Although there are many problems in this study which need to be further explored, we still find that entrepreneurs' spiritual capital has important value in the growth of employees and the future development of enterprises. We propose the impact of entrepreneurial spiritual capital on employees' proactive behavior in order to encourage future managers to focus on self-management and employees' development, learn to respect human nature, pay more attention to creating the spiritual organizational climate. Just like many scholars said, the improvement of their spiritual pursuit, the cultivation of learning ability, and the pursuit of a high degree of soul will not only affect every individual of enterprises, but also greatly promote the realization of organizational goals and values.
引文
[1]顾建平,金胜男,孙宁华.企业家灵性资本研究动态[J].经济学动态,2017,(9):124-135.
[2]毛江华,廖建桥,韩翼,等.谦逊领导的影响机制和效应:一个人际关系视角[J].心理学报,2017,(9):1219-1233.
[3]张颖,杨付.主动性人格:机制与未来走向[J].心理科学进展,2017,(9):1544-1551.
[4]Andersen I G, J?ger M M. Cultural capital in context:Heterogeneous returns to cultural capital across schooling environments[J]. Social Science Research,2015, 50:177-188.
[5]Ayranci E, Semercioz F. The relationship between spiritual leadership and issues of spirituality and religiosity:A study of top Turkish managers[J]. International Journal of Business and Management,2011, 6(4):136-149.
[6]Beltrán-Martín I, Bou-Llusar J C, Roca-Puig V, et al. The relationship between high performance work systems and employee proactive behaviour:Role breadth self‐efficacy and flexible role orientation as mediating mechanisms[J]. Human Resource Management Journal,2017, 27(3):403-422.
[7]Chan S C H, Mak W M. Benevolent leadership and follower performance:The mediating role of leader-member exchange(LMX)[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2012, 29(2):285-301.
[8]Cooper C D, Kong D T, Crossley C D. Leader humor as an interpersonal resource:Integrating three theoretical perspectives[J].Academy of Management Journal,2018, 61(2):769-796.
[9]Crossan M, Mazutis D, Seijts G. In search of virtue:The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2013, 113(4):567-581.
[10]Den Hartog D N, Belschak F D. When does transformational leadership enhance employee proactive behavior? The role of autonomy and role breadth self-efficacy[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2012, 97(1):194-202.
[11]Eastwick P W, Luchies L B, Finkel E J, et al. The predictive validity of ideal partner preferences:A review and metaanalysis[J]. Psychological Bulletin,2014, 140(3):623-665.
[12]Fry L W, Hannah S T, Noel M, et al. RETRACTED:Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance[J]. The Leadership Quarterly,2011, 22(2):259-270.
[13]Hu J, Erdogan B, Jiang K F, et al. Leader humility and team creativity:The role of team information sharing, psychological safety, and power distance[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2018, 103(3):313-323.
[14]Kim K A, Byon K K. Examining relationships among consumer participative behavior, employee role ambiguity, and employee citizenship behavior:The moderating role of employee self-efficacy[J]. European Sport Management Quarterly,2018, 18(5):633-651.
[15]Luthans F, Vogelgesang G R, Lester P B. Developing the psychological capital of resiliency[J]. Human Resource Development Review,2016, 5(1):25-44.
[16]Neubert M J, Bradley S W, Ardianti R, et al. The role of spiritual capital in innovation and performance:Evidence from developing economies[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2017, 41(4):621-640.
[17]Nguyen H, Johnson A, Collins C, et al. Confidence matters:Self‐efficacy moderates the credit that supervisors give to adaptive and proactive role behaviours[J]. British Journal of Management,2017, 28(2):315-330.
[18]Owens B P, Hekman D R. How does leader humility influence team performance? Exploring the mechanisms of contagion and collective promotion focus[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2016, 59(3):1088-1111.
[19]Parker S K, Collins C G. Taking stock:Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors[J]. Journal of Management,2010, 36(3):633-662.
[20]Pawar B S. Leadership spiritual behaviors toward subordinates:An empirical examination of the effects of a leader’s individual spirituality and organizational spirituality[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2014, 122(3):439-452.
[2]毛江华,廖建桥,韩翼,等.谦逊领导的影响机制和效应:一个人际关系视角[J].心理学报,2017,(9):1219-1233.
[3]张颖,杨付.主动性人格:机制与未来走向[J].心理科学进展,2017,(9):1544-1551.
[4]Andersen I G, J?ger M M. Cultural capital in context:Heterogeneous returns to cultural capital across schooling environments[J]. Social Science Research,2015, 50:177-188.
[5]Ayranci E, Semercioz F. The relationship between spiritual leadership and issues of spirituality and religiosity:A study of top Turkish managers[J]. International Journal of Business and Management,2011, 6(4):136-149.
[6]Beltrán-Martín I, Bou-Llusar J C, Roca-Puig V, et al. The relationship between high performance work systems and employee proactive behaviour:Role breadth self‐efficacy and flexible role orientation as mediating mechanisms[J]. Human Resource Management Journal,2017, 27(3):403-422.
[7]Chan S C H, Mak W M. Benevolent leadership and follower performance:The mediating role of leader-member exchange(LMX)[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2012, 29(2):285-301.
[8]Cooper C D, Kong D T, Crossley C D. Leader humor as an interpersonal resource:Integrating three theoretical perspectives[J].Academy of Management Journal,2018, 61(2):769-796.
[9]Crossan M, Mazutis D, Seijts G. In search of virtue:The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2013, 113(4):567-581.
[10]Den Hartog D N, Belschak F D. When does transformational leadership enhance employee proactive behavior? The role of autonomy and role breadth self-efficacy[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2012, 97(1):194-202.
[11]Eastwick P W, Luchies L B, Finkel E J, et al. The predictive validity of ideal partner preferences:A review and metaanalysis[J]. Psychological Bulletin,2014, 140(3):623-665.
[12]Fry L W, Hannah S T, Noel M, et al. RETRACTED:Impact of spiritual leadership on unit performance[J]. The Leadership Quarterly,2011, 22(2):259-270.
[13]Hu J, Erdogan B, Jiang K F, et al. Leader humility and team creativity:The role of team information sharing, psychological safety, and power distance[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology,2018, 103(3):313-323.
[14]Kim K A, Byon K K. Examining relationships among consumer participative behavior, employee role ambiguity, and employee citizenship behavior:The moderating role of employee self-efficacy[J]. European Sport Management Quarterly,2018, 18(5):633-651.
[15]Luthans F, Vogelgesang G R, Lester P B. Developing the psychological capital of resiliency[J]. Human Resource Development Review,2016, 5(1):25-44.
[16]Neubert M J, Bradley S W, Ardianti R, et al. The role of spiritual capital in innovation and performance:Evidence from developing economies[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2017, 41(4):621-640.
[17]Nguyen H, Johnson A, Collins C, et al. Confidence matters:Self‐efficacy moderates the credit that supervisors give to adaptive and proactive role behaviours[J]. British Journal of Management,2017, 28(2):315-330.
[18]Owens B P, Hekman D R. How does leader humility influence team performance? Exploring the mechanisms of contagion and collective promotion focus[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2016, 59(3):1088-1111.
[19]Parker S K, Collins C G. Taking stock:Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors[J]. Journal of Management,2010, 36(3):633-662.
[20]Pawar B S. Leadership spiritual behaviors toward subordinates:An empirical examination of the effects of a leader’s individual spirituality and organizational spirituality[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2014, 122(3):439-452.
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