高原反应危险性分区及施工供氧应对措施研究
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摘要
研究目的:高海拔隧道具有"气压低、氧分压低、气温低"的特点,严寒缺氧危害施工人员的生命安全且使其工作效率大幅度降低,本文通过研究高原反应危险性分区及施工供氧应对措施,以期解决高海拔隧道建设这一重大难题。研究结论:(1)通过对国内外关于高原反应研究的相关文献资料的调查分析,采用高原反应检测中较为实用的临床指标:血氧饱和度SO_2、肺泡氧分压PaO_2、呼吸次数和心率,建立了与海拔高度的对应统计关系;(2)结合海拔高度与急性高原反应AMS发生频率,对不同海拔时的高原反应风险进行了分区,且进行了高原反应危险程度分区的和积法验证;(3)针对不同高原反应风险分区,提出了相应的供氧措施;(4)建议规范规定的供氧指标——氧气浓度降为19. 0%;(5)本研究结果可为高海拔地区安全施工提供参考。
Research purposes: The high altitude tunnel has the characteristics of " low pressure,low oxygen pressure and low temperature". The cold and anoxia endanger the safety of the construction personnel and reduce the efficiency of them. This paper studies risk zoning of high altitude response and oxygen supply countermeasures for construction to solve this major problem of high altitude tunnel construction.Research conclusions:( 1) Through the investigation and analysis of relevant literature on the altitude reaction at home and abroad,we adopted the practical clinical test indexes of the altitude reaction: oxygen saturation SO_2,alveolar oxygen partial pressure PaO_2,respiration frequency and heart rate,and established corresponding statistical relationship with altitude.( 2) Combining the altitude with the acute altitude reaction AMS frequency,the risk of altitude reaction at different altitudes is divided,and the risk zoning of altitude reaction is verified by sum and product method.( 3) This paper puts forward the corresponding oxygen supply measures for different altitude response risk zoning.( 4) It is suggested to regulate the oxygen supply index——oxygen concentration be decreased to 19%.( 5) The research result can provide a reference for safe construction in high altitude areas.
Research purposes: The high altitude tunnel has the characteristics of " low pressure,low oxygen pressure and low temperature". The cold and anoxia endanger the safety of the construction personnel and reduce the efficiency of them. This paper studies risk zoning of high altitude response and oxygen supply countermeasures for construction to solve this major problem of high altitude tunnel construction.Research conclusions:( 1) Through the investigation and analysis of relevant literature on the altitude reaction at home and abroad,we adopted the practical clinical test indexes of the altitude reaction: oxygen saturation SO_2,alveolar oxygen partial pressure PaO_2,respiration frequency and heart rate,and established corresponding statistical relationship with altitude.( 2) Combining the altitude with the acute altitude reaction AMS frequency,the risk of altitude reaction at different altitudes is divided,and the risk zoning of altitude reaction is verified by sum and product method.( 3) This paper puts forward the corresponding oxygen supply measures for different altitude response risk zoning.( 4) It is suggested to regulate the oxygen supply index——oxygen concentration be decreased to 19%.( 5) The research result can provide a reference for safe construction in high altitude areas.
引文
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[4]孙志涛.基于肺泡氧分压的高海拔隧道施工供氧技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.Sun Zhitao.Research on Oxygen Supply Technology for Tunnel During Construction at the High Altitude Based on Alveolar Oxygen Tension[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[5]刘应书,祝显强,曹永正,等.弥散供氧流动特性及其富氧效果[J].工程科学学报,2015(10):1370-1375.Liu Yingshu,Zhu Xianqiang,Cao Yongzheng,etc.Flow Characteristics and Oxygen-enriched Effect of Oxygen Diffusion[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015(10):1370-1375.
[6]查瑞波,孙根年,董治宝,等.青藏高原大气氧分压及游客高原反应风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2016(1):92-98.Zha Ruibo,Sun Gennian,Dong Zhibao,etc.Assessment of Atmospheric Oxygen Partial Pressure and Plateau Reacton of Tourists in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016(1):92-98.
[7]王琰,何湘,罗佳,等.急进不同海拔高原人员的血氧饱和度、心率及血压变化[J].临床军医杂志,2010(3):468-469.Wang Yan,He Xiang,Luo Jia,etc.Changes of Blood Oxygen Saturation,Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in People at Different Altitudes[J].Clinical Journal of Medical Officers,2010(3):468-469.
[8]彭翠翠,王劲,金婕,等.急进高海拔地区血氧饱和度和心率变化的研究[J].重庆医学,2015(33):4609-4611.Peng Cuicui,Wang Jin,Jin Jie,etc.Changes of Blood Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate in Rapidly Advancing High Altitude Areas[J].Chongqing Medicine,2015(33):4609-4611.
[2]张西洲,白虎虎,董百战,等.初入海拔5000米以上部队急性高原反应发病情况调查[J].解放军预防医学杂志,1995(4):314-315.Zhang Xizhou,Bai Huhu,Dong Baizhan,etc.Investigation of Acute Altitude Sickness of Troops in5000 Meters above Sea Level[J].Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People’s Liberation Army,1995(4):314-315.
[3]谢文强.巴朗山高海拔隧道施工期供氧标准及设计方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2015.Xie Wenqiang.Study on Oxygen Supply Standard and Design Method for Construction of High Altitude Tunnel in Balangshan Mountain[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2015.
[4]孙志涛.基于肺泡氧分压的高海拔隧道施工供氧技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2016.Sun Zhitao.Research on Oxygen Supply Technology for Tunnel During Construction at the High Altitude Based on Alveolar Oxygen Tension[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2016.
[5]刘应书,祝显强,曹永正,等.弥散供氧流动特性及其富氧效果[J].工程科学学报,2015(10):1370-1375.Liu Yingshu,Zhu Xianqiang,Cao Yongzheng,etc.Flow Characteristics and Oxygen-enriched Effect of Oxygen Diffusion[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015(10):1370-1375.
[6]查瑞波,孙根年,董治宝,等.青藏高原大气氧分压及游客高原反应风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2016(1):92-98.Zha Ruibo,Sun Gennian,Dong Zhibao,etc.Assessment of Atmospheric Oxygen Partial Pressure and Plateau Reacton of Tourists in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016(1):92-98.
[7]王琰,何湘,罗佳,等.急进不同海拔高原人员的血氧饱和度、心率及血压变化[J].临床军医杂志,2010(3):468-469.Wang Yan,He Xiang,Luo Jia,etc.Changes of Blood Oxygen Saturation,Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in People at Different Altitudes[J].Clinical Journal of Medical Officers,2010(3):468-469.
[8]彭翠翠,王劲,金婕,等.急进高海拔地区血氧饱和度和心率变化的研究[J].重庆医学,2015(33):4609-4611.Peng Cuicui,Wang Jin,Jin Jie,etc.Changes of Blood Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate in Rapidly Advancing High Altitude Areas[J].Chongqing Medicine,2015(33):4609-4611.