小功率高频返回散射电离图的自动判读
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摘要
针对小功率斜向返回探测装置,提出了一套完整的返回散射电离图自动判读算法.该算法根据电离图中的垂测回波信息和E层、F层的回波幅度差来识别电离图的传播模式,在此基础上利用最小群时延理论提取电离图回波的前沿点,通过残差分析去除伪前沿点,然后采用多元线性回归模型拟合前沿点,得到光滑的前沿拟合曲线.返回散射电离图自动判读结果表明:自动判读算法充分利用了电离图回波前沿特征和回波幅度信息,能够有效识别电离图的传播模式和前沿,解决了人工判读的非实时性问题,为斜向返回探测技术的广泛应用奠定了基础.
A method for the low-power oblique backscatter sounding system was proposed to automatically scale high frequency(HF)swept-frequency backscatter ionograms.This method was based on the vertical echo characteristics of the ionograms and echo signal amplitude differences between E layer and F layer to identify the propagation mode of the ionograms.The leading edge points were extracted by using minimum group delay theory and the pseudo points were removed by using residual analysis.Lastly,smooth fitting curves could be obtained by using multiple linear regressive models to fit the leading edge points.Automatic scaling results show that the whole process of this method can take full advantages of echo characteristics and echo amplitude messages in the ionograms,which can efficiently identify propagation modes and leading edge curves,solving the non-real time question of manual scaling and providing an opportunity for the extensive use of oblique backscatter soundings.
A method for the low-power oblique backscatter sounding system was proposed to automatically scale high frequency(HF)swept-frequency backscatter ionograms.This method was based on the vertical echo characteristics of the ionograms and echo signal amplitude differences between E layer and F layer to identify the propagation mode of the ionograms.The leading edge points were extracted by using minimum group delay theory and the pseudo points were removed by using residual analysis.Lastly,smooth fitting curves could be obtained by using multiple linear regressive models to fit the leading edge points.Automatic scaling results show that the whole process of this method can take full advantages of echo characteristics and echo amplitude messages in the ionograms,which can efficiently identify propagation modes and leading edge curves,solving the non-real time question of manual scaling and providing an opportunity for the extensive use of oblique backscatter soundings.
引文
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[10]李雪,冯静,邓维波,等.返回散射电离图智能判读[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(3):534-537,610.
[11]齐东玉,冯静,李雪.返回散射电离图噪声和干扰的自动消除方法[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):1925-1930.
[12]郭延波,杨东升,李雪.基于小波去噪的返回散射电离图前沿提取[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2014,9(1):81-84.
[13]费川.电离层返回散射探测中的射频干扰剔除方法研究[J].舰船电子对抗,2014,37(2):79-82.
[14]冯静,李雪,齐东玉.返回散射电离图的前沿提取方法[J].空间科学学报,2012,32(4):524-531.
[15]冯静,齐东玉,李雪,等.返回散射电离图传播模式的自动识别方法[J].电波科学学报,2014,29(1):188-194.
[16]Earl G F.An algorithm for the removal of radio frequency interference in ionospheric backscatter sounding[J].Radio Science,1991,26(3):661-670.
[17]Mcdonnell M D.Wavelet based detection and fitting of backscatter ionogram leading edges[C]∥Proc of the Radar International Conference.Adelaide:The University of Adelaide,2003:262-265.
[18]徐彤.垂直和斜向探测电离层参数反演遗传算法研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学理学院,2006.
[19]Chen Z W,Wang S,Zhang S R.Automatic scaling of F layer from ionograms[J].Radio Science,2013,48(3):334-343.
[20]Scotto C,Pezzopane M.A method for automatic scaling of sporadic E layers from ionograms[J].Radio Science,2007,42(2):638-646.
[2]王俊江,柳文,焦培南.基于返回散射探测和干扰监测的短波通信实时选频系统[J].电子学报,2012,40(4):729-733.
[3]赵德林.用斜探测电离图(Pf)作频率预报[J].空间科学学报,1988,8(2):145-149.
[4]李乐伟,焦培南.P-f图反演电离层参数和散射源距离的一种方法[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(1):115-119.
[5]宋君,赵正予,周晨,等.高频返回散射扫频电离图的反演[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(8):1953-1959.
[6]石书祝,赵正予,黄硕,等.小功率便携式电离层斜向返回探测雷达设计[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(4):1429-1434.
[7]Shi S Z,Zhao Z Y,Su F F,et al.A low-power and small-size HF backscatter radar for ionospheric sensing[J].IEEE Geosci Remote Sensing Lett,2009,6(6):504-508.
[8]Zhou C,Zhao Z Y,Deng F,et al.Midlatitude ionospheric HF channel reciprocity:evidence from the ionospheric oblique incidence sounding experiments[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2010,45(6):745-750.
[9]徐彬,吴家骥,吴振森,等.基于迭代去噪的返回散射同频干扰修复方法[J].电波科学学报,2007,22(3):395-399.
[10]李雪,冯静,邓维波,等.返回散射电离图智能判读[J].电波科学学报,2010,25(3):534-537,610.
[11]齐东玉,冯静,李雪.返回散射电离图噪声和干扰的自动消除方法[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):1925-1930.
[12]郭延波,杨东升,李雪.基于小波去噪的返回散射电离图前沿提取[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2014,9(1):81-84.
[13]费川.电离层返回散射探测中的射频干扰剔除方法研究[J].舰船电子对抗,2014,37(2):79-82.
[14]冯静,李雪,齐东玉.返回散射电离图的前沿提取方法[J].空间科学学报,2012,32(4):524-531.
[15]冯静,齐东玉,李雪,等.返回散射电离图传播模式的自动识别方法[J].电波科学学报,2014,29(1):188-194.
[16]Earl G F.An algorithm for the removal of radio frequency interference in ionospheric backscatter sounding[J].Radio Science,1991,26(3):661-670.
[17]Mcdonnell M D.Wavelet based detection and fitting of backscatter ionogram leading edges[C]∥Proc of the Radar International Conference.Adelaide:The University of Adelaide,2003:262-265.
[18]徐彤.垂直和斜向探测电离层参数反演遗传算法研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学理学院,2006.
[19]Chen Z W,Wang S,Zhang S R.Automatic scaling of F layer from ionograms[J].Radio Science,2013,48(3):334-343.
[20]Scotto C,Pezzopane M.A method for automatic scaling of sporadic E layers from ionograms[J].Radio Science,2007,42(2):638-646.