济南市冬季大气颗粒物粒径谱分布特征
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摘要
2015年2月,采用扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(SMPS)和空气动力学粒径谱仪(APS)对济南市冬季大气中粒径为14. 6 nm～10μm的颗粒物粒径谱的分布进行连续监测和分析研究。结果表明:济南市冬季大气颗粒物数浓度较高,平均为47472个/cm~3。各模态对颗粒物数浓度、表面积浓度和体积浓度的贡献表明,济南市冬季大气颗粒物偏细,积聚模态粒子是可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))的主要组成部分。数浓度谱日变化特征表明,济南市冬季大气颗粒物污染主要受道路交通源排放和新粒子生成转化的影响。春节期间,烟花爆竹的燃放会导致大气颗粒物数浓度和质量浓度明显升高,烟花爆竹燃放对颗粒物数浓度的影响主要由爱根核模态和积聚模态共同作用形成。
Continuous measurement and analysis of the atmospheric particles( 14. 6 nm ～ 10 μm) were performed in Jinan in February of 2015 by using the scanning electromobility particle size spectrometer( SMPS) and aerodynamic particle size spectrometer( APS).The result showed that the number concentration of atmospheric particles in Jinan was high in winter with the average of 47472/cm~3. The contributions of different mode to number,surface and volume concentration showed that atmospheric particles were very fine and the accumulation mode particles were the major components of inhalable particles( PM_(10)). The diurnal variations of number concentration showed that atmospheric particle pollution of Jinan in winter was mainly influenced by the union effect of the emission of road traffic and the formation and transformation of new particles. The setting off of fireworks and firecrackers obviously increased the number and mass concentration of atmospheric particles,which was formed through the common action of Aitken mode and accumulation mode.
Continuous measurement and analysis of the atmospheric particles( 14. 6 nm ～ 10 μm) were performed in Jinan in February of 2015 by using the scanning electromobility particle size spectrometer( SMPS) and aerodynamic particle size spectrometer( APS).The result showed that the number concentration of atmospheric particles in Jinan was high in winter with the average of 47472/cm~3. The contributions of different mode to number,surface and volume concentration showed that atmospheric particles were very fine and the accumulation mode particles were the major components of inhalable particles( PM_(10)). The diurnal variations of number concentration showed that atmospheric particle pollution of Jinan in winter was mainly influenced by the union effect of the emission of road traffic and the formation and transformation of new particles. The setting off of fireworks and firecrackers obviously increased the number and mass concentration of atmospheric particles,which was formed through the common action of Aitken mode and accumulation mode.
引文
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[2] Schlesinger R B. Toxicological evidence for health effects from inhaled particulate pollution:does it support the human experience?[J].Inhalation Toxicology,1995,7(1):99-109.
[3] Zhang R, Wang M, Fu J. Preliminary research on the size distribution of aerosols in Beijing[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2000,18(2):225-230.
[4]胡敏,赵云良,何凌燕,等.北京冬、夏季颗粒物及其离子成分质量浓度谱分布[J].环境科学,2005,26(4):1-6.
[5]杨书申,邵龙义,李卫军,等.上海市冬季可吸入颗粒物微观形貌和粒度分布[J].环境科学,2007,28(1):20-25.
[6]代海婷,刘建国,陆亦怀,等.广州亚运会及残运会期间大气细粒子谱特征分析[J].大气与环境光学学报,2012,7(1):24-30.
[7]韩冰雪,张国华,毕新慧,等.广州城区夏季大气颗粒物数浓度谱分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(2):198-204.
[8] Xu P,Wang W,Yang L,et al. Aerosol size distributions in urban Jinan:seasonal characteristics and variations between weekdays and weekends in a heavily polluted atmosphere[J]. Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2011,179(1/2/3/4):443-456.
[9]赵素平,余晔,陈晋北,等.兰州市夏秋季颗粒物谱分布特征研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):687-693.
[10] Chan C,Yao X. Air pollution in mega cities in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(1):1-42.
[11]张普,谭少波,王丽涛,等.邯郸市大气颗粒物污染特征的监测研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(10):2679-2685.
[12]宋艳玲,郑水红,柳艳菊,等. 2000—2002年北京市城市大气污染特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(增刊1):116-122.
[13] Whitby K H. The physical characteristics of sulfur aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1978,12(1):135-159.
[14] Kulmala M H,Vehkamaki P M,Dal M A,et al. Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles:a review of observations[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2004,35(2):143-176.
[15] Hussein T,Dal M M,Petaja T,et al. Evaluation of an automatic algorithm for fitting the particle number size distributions[J].Boreal Environment Research,2005,10(5):337-355.
[16]尚倩,李子华,杨军,等.南京冬季大气气溶胶粒子谱分布及其对能见度的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2751-2760.
[17] Shi Z B,He K B,Yu X C,et al. Diurnal variation of number concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles in the urban atmosphere of Beijing in winter[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(8):933-938.
[18]古金霞,杜世勇,田维,等.济南市春季大气颗粒物的谱分布特征[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2014(1):92-98.
[19] Stanier C O,Khlystov A Y,Pandis S N. Ambient aerosol size distributions and number concentrations measured during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study(PAQS)[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(20):3275-3284.
[20]王红磊,朱彬,沈利娟,等.春节期间南京市大气气溶胶粒径分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):442-450.