珠江口盆地揭阳凹陷珠海组海底扇含气性检测与分析
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摘要
揭阳凹陷是珠江口盆地近年划分出的无井新凹陷,烃类检测研究还是空白,多种技术的综合使用有利于提高地震烃类证据的可靠性.邻区白云凹陷的研究成果和揭阳凹陷三维地震资料解释出的构造、沉积和地层压力特征反映出该凹陷具有较好的油气生成和成藏条件.本文依据白云凹陷已发现的荔湾3-1气田所表现出的主频变化特征继而提出利用能量提前衰减来确定含气异常层位和异常区域的方法,即应用短时傅里叶变换,以5Hz为间隔,将数据体分解成5Hz、10Hz、15Hz、20Hz、25Hz、30Hz的单频数据体;在了解含气层的主频与不含气层主频差异的前提下,通过比较相邻两个分频体的能量差异来获取异常衰减区域;以此检测出的含气能量衰减区域与荔湾3-1气田的分布范围颇为吻合,表明了该方法的有效性.地震资料解释出的揭阳凹陷珠海组底部海底扇在该方法的检测下亦表现出含气衰减,同时,检测出的衰减异常得到了AVO响应和正演模型的支持,它们一致反映出揭阳凹陷珠海组底部海底扇是一个具有勘探潜力的目标.
The Jieyang sag is a new one divided recent years in the Pearl River Mouth Basin where no drilling well exists,and detection and research of hydrocarbon remain a blank.The reliability of seismic evidence of hydrocarbon indictors can be enhanced by integrated application of multiple technologies.With reference to the neighboring Baiyun sag,the structure,sediment and stratum pressure from interpretation of 3 Dseismic data show good hydrocarbon generation and accumulation conditions in the Jieyang sag.This paper proposes a method of identifying gas-bearing members and regions by energy attenuation in advance based on the variation of frequency in the Liwan 3-1 gas field.First,seismic data is decomposed into 5 Hz,10 Hz,15 Hz,20 Hz,25 Hz,and 30 Hz single frequency data volumes by short time window Fourier transform.Subsequently,relying onthe diversity between dominant frequency of the gas-bearing layer and non-gas-bearing layer,the gas-bearing regions are identified by energy contrasts between the previous single frequency data and the later single frequency data.The abnormally attenuated area recognized through this method is turn out to be well consistent with the edge of the Liwan 3-1 gas field,which indicates this method is effective.The submarine fans of the lower member of Zhuhai Formation interpreted by seismic data in the Jieyang sag also exhibit obvious gas-bearing attenuation anomalies detected by this method.In addition,it is also supported by the analysis of the forward model and AVO response.These three pieces of gas-bearing evidence indicate the seafloor fans in the Jieyang sag are a target with exploration potential.
The Jieyang sag is a new one divided recent years in the Pearl River Mouth Basin where no drilling well exists,and detection and research of hydrocarbon remain a blank.The reliability of seismic evidence of hydrocarbon indictors can be enhanced by integrated application of multiple technologies.With reference to the neighboring Baiyun sag,the structure,sediment and stratum pressure from interpretation of 3 Dseismic data show good hydrocarbon generation and accumulation conditions in the Jieyang sag.This paper proposes a method of identifying gas-bearing members and regions by energy attenuation in advance based on the variation of frequency in the Liwan 3-1 gas field.First,seismic data is decomposed into 5 Hz,10 Hz,15 Hz,20 Hz,25 Hz,and 30 Hz single frequency data volumes by short time window Fourier transform.Subsequently,relying onthe diversity between dominant frequency of the gas-bearing layer and non-gas-bearing layer,the gas-bearing regions are identified by energy contrasts between the previous single frequency data and the later single frequency data.The abnormally attenuated area recognized through this method is turn out to be well consistent with the edge of the Liwan 3-1 gas field,which indicates this method is effective.The submarine fans of the lower member of Zhuhai Formation interpreted by seismic data in the Jieyang sag also exhibit obvious gas-bearing attenuation anomalies detected by this method.In addition,it is also supported by the analysis of the forward model and AVO response.These three pieces of gas-bearing evidence indicate the seafloor fans in the Jieyang sag are a target with exploration potential.
引文
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Burnett M D,Castagna J P,Méndez-Hernández E,et al.2003.Application of spectral decomposition to gas basins in Mexico.The Leading Edge,22(11):1130-1134.
Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.1994.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,59(9):1362-1376.
Forrest M,Roden R,Holeywell R.2010.Risking seismic amplitude anomaly prospects based on database trends.The Leading Edge,29(5):570-574.
Gao G,Gang W Z,Zhang G C,et al.2014.Geological features and gas accumulation simulation experiments of the Liwan 3-1Gas Field in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(11):26-35.
Ingersoll R V.1978.Submarine fan facies of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence,northern and central California.Sedimentary Geology,21(3):205-230.
Li Y C,Fu N,Zhang Z H.2013.Hydrocarbon source conditions and origins in the deepwater area in the northern South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),34(2):247-254.
Lin H M,Shi H S.2014.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration direction of Baiyun-Liwan deep water in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(5):29-36.
Ma R H.2011.Forecasting the thickness of thin-layer sandstone reservoir in western Sichuan by using the spectral decomposition technology.Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,1(1-2):22-24,30.
Odebeatu E,Zhang J H,Chapman M,et al.2006.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation.The Leading Edge,25(2):206-210.
Pang X,Chen C M,Shao L,et al.2007.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications.Geological Review(in Chinese),53(2):145-151.
Rutherford S R,Williams R H.1989.Amplitude-versus-offset variations in gas sands.Geophysics,54(6):680-688.
Shanmugam G,Moiola R J.1991.Types of submarine fan lobes:Models and implications(1).AAPG Bulletin,75(1):156-179.
White R S.1977.Seismic bright spots in the Gulf of Oman.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,37(1):29-37.
Yoon W G,Farfour M.2012.Spectral decomposition aids AVOanalysis in reservoir characterization:A case study of Blackfoot field,Alberta,Canada.Computers&Geosciences,46:60-65.
Zhang G C,Li Y C,Liu S X,et al.2014.“Co-Control of Source Rock and Heat”in Orderly Distribution of“Near-shore Oil and Far-shore Gas”in China’s Offshore and Adjacent Area.China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),19(5):1-22.
Zhang G C,Zhang H H,Zhao Z,et al.2016.“Joint control of source rocks and geothermal heat”-oil enrichment pattern of China's offshore basins.China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),21(4):38-53.
Zhang H,Shao L,Zhang G C,et al.2015.Distribution and petroleum geologic significance of eocene Marine strata in the South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),40(4):660-670.
Zhang W W,Yan C Z,Pang X,et al.2012.An analysis of AVOanomaly for reservoirs in Baiyun deep-water area,Pearl River Mouth basin.China Offshore Oil&Gas(in Chinese),24(3):26-29.
Zhang W W,He M,Zhu M,et al.2015.Identification of nonbright-spot gas reservoir with AVO in deep water area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2015,50(1):123-128.
Zhang Y M,Niu C,Han L,et al.2016.A method of frequency dispersion AVO analysis and its application in deep water area of
South China Sea.China Offshore Oil&Gas(in Chinese),28(6):21-27.
高岗,刚文哲,张功成等.2014.珠江口盆地荔湾3-1深水气田成藏模拟实验.天然气工业,34(11):26-35.
李友川,傅宁,张枝焕.2013.南海北部深水区盆地烃源条件和油气源.石油学报,34(2):247-254.
林鹤鸣,施和生.2014.珠江口盆地白云-荔湾深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向.天然气工业,34(5):29-36.
马如辉.2011.利用频谱分解技术预测川西薄层砂岩储层厚度.油气藏评价与开发,1(1-2):22-24,30.
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊等.2007.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,53(2):145-151.
张功成,李友川,刘世翔等.2014.“源热共控”中国海油气田“近岸油、远岸气”有序分布.中国石油勘探,19(5):1-22.
张功成,张厚和,赵钊等.2016.“源热共控”中国近海盆地石油富集规律.中国石油勘探,21(4):38-53.
张浩,邵磊,张功成等.2015.南海始新世海相地层分布及油气地质意义.地球科学,40(4):660-670.
张卫卫,颜承志,庞雄等.2012.珠江口盆地白云深水区储层AVO异常特征分析.中国海上油气,24(3):25-29.
张卫卫,何敏,朱明等.2015.应用AVO技术识别深水区非亮点气藏.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):123-128.
张益明,牛聪,韩利等.2016.频散AVO分析技术及其在南海深水区的应用.中国海上油气,28(6):21-27.
Burnett M D,Castagna J P,Méndez-Hernández E,et al.2003.Application of spectral decomposition to gas basins in Mexico.The Leading Edge,22(11):1130-1134.
Fatti J L,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.1994.Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis:A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique.Geophysics,59(9):1362-1376.
Forrest M,Roden R,Holeywell R.2010.Risking seismic amplitude anomaly prospects based on database trends.The Leading Edge,29(5):570-574.
Gao G,Gang W Z,Zhang G C,et al.2014.Geological features and gas accumulation simulation experiments of the Liwan 3-1Gas Field in the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(11):26-35.
Ingersoll R V.1978.Submarine fan facies of the Upper Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence,northern and central California.Sedimentary Geology,21(3):205-230.
Li Y C,Fu N,Zhang Z H.2013.Hydrocarbon source conditions and origins in the deepwater area in the northern South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),34(2):247-254.
Lin H M,Shi H S.2014.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration direction of Baiyun-Liwan deep water in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),34(5):29-36.
Ma R H.2011.Forecasting the thickness of thin-layer sandstone reservoir in western Sichuan by using the spectral decomposition technology.Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2011,1(1-2):22-24,30.
Odebeatu E,Zhang J H,Chapman M,et al.2006.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation.The Leading Edge,25(2):206-210.
Pang X,Chen C M,Shao L,et al.2007.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene-Miocene boundary in the northern South China Sea and its implications.Geological Review(in Chinese),53(2):145-151.
Rutherford S R,Williams R H.1989.Amplitude-versus-offset variations in gas sands.Geophysics,54(6):680-688.
Shanmugam G,Moiola R J.1991.Types of submarine fan lobes:Models and implications(1).AAPG Bulletin,75(1):156-179.
White R S.1977.Seismic bright spots in the Gulf of Oman.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,37(1):29-37.
Yoon W G,Farfour M.2012.Spectral decomposition aids AVOanalysis in reservoir characterization:A case study of Blackfoot field,Alberta,Canada.Computers&Geosciences,46:60-65.
Zhang G C,Li Y C,Liu S X,et al.2014.“Co-Control of Source Rock and Heat”in Orderly Distribution of“Near-shore Oil and Far-shore Gas”in China’s Offshore and Adjacent Area.China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),19(5):1-22.
Zhang G C,Zhang H H,Zhao Z,et al.2016.“Joint control of source rocks and geothermal heat”-oil enrichment pattern of China's offshore basins.China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),21(4):38-53.
Zhang H,Shao L,Zhang G C,et al.2015.Distribution and petroleum geologic significance of eocene Marine strata in the South China Sea.Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences(in Chinese),40(4):660-670.
Zhang W W,Yan C Z,Pang X,et al.2012.An analysis of AVOanomaly for reservoirs in Baiyun deep-water area,Pearl River Mouth basin.China Offshore Oil&Gas(in Chinese),24(3):26-29.
Zhang W W,He M,Zhu M,et al.2015.Identification of nonbright-spot gas reservoir with AVO in deep water area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2015,50(1):123-128.
Zhang Y M,Niu C,Han L,et al.2016.A method of frequency dispersion AVO analysis and its application in deep water area of
South China Sea.China Offshore Oil&Gas(in Chinese),28(6):21-27.
高岗,刚文哲,张功成等.2014.珠江口盆地荔湾3-1深水气田成藏模拟实验.天然气工业,34(11):26-35.
李友川,傅宁,张枝焕.2013.南海北部深水区盆地烃源条件和油气源.石油学报,34(2):247-254.
林鹤鸣,施和生.2014.珠江口盆地白云-荔湾深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向.天然气工业,34(5):29-36.
马如辉.2011.利用频谱分解技术预测川西薄层砂岩储层厚度.油气藏评价与开发,1(1-2):22-24,30.
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊等.2007.白云运动:南海北部渐新统-中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,53(2):145-151.
张功成,李友川,刘世翔等.2014.“源热共控”中国海油气田“近岸油、远岸气”有序分布.中国石油勘探,19(5):1-22.
张功成,张厚和,赵钊等.2016.“源热共控”中国近海盆地石油富集规律.中国石油勘探,21(4):38-53.
张浩,邵磊,张功成等.2015.南海始新世海相地层分布及油气地质意义.地球科学,40(4):660-670.
张卫卫,颜承志,庞雄等.2012.珠江口盆地白云深水区储层AVO异常特征分析.中国海上油气,24(3):25-29.
张卫卫,何敏,朱明等.2015.应用AVO技术识别深水区非亮点气藏.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):123-128.
张益明,牛聪,韩利等.2016.频散AVO分析技术及其在南海深水区的应用.中国海上油气,28(6):21-27.
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