2013年影响湖南的两次相似路径台风暴雨对比分析
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摘要
应用多种常规观测资料、加密自动气象站资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2013年影响湖南的两次相似路径台风暴雨过程进行了对比分析。研究表明:"尤特"台风暴雨直接由台风环流引起,具有锋前暖区降水的特点;而"天兔"台风暴雨由台风低压倒槽与西风带天气系统相互作用引起的,其降水属于典型的锋面降水。"尤特"由东风带进入西风带,其与副高相对位置的变化是导致其登陆后路径北翘的主要原因。"尤特"低压环流与南海季风相互作用,充沛的水汽输送对台风低压环流的长时间维持以及湘东南暴雨的形成和发展起到了重要的组织和促进作用。而"天兔"登陆后南海季风位置偏南,不利于"天兔"的长时间维持以及向暴雨区的水汽输送。低层暖式切变线附近强辐合与高层强辐散耦合、低层强正涡度与高层负涡度的耦合为"尤特"台风暴雨的发生发展提供了动力条件。由中低层冷空气入侵导致的锋生强迫和高低空急流耦合形成的次级环流,加强了"天兔"低压倒槽内冷暖气流的辐合,是触发倒槽内中尺度对流发展和暴雨产生的重要动力机制。
Based on the routine observational data,regional automatic weather station data and NCEP 1° ×1° reanalysis data,a comparative analysis on two processes of typhoon heavy rainfall with similar routes in Hunan province of 2013 was analyzed. Results show that the Utor typhoon rainstorm was caused by typhoon circulation directly,whose rainfall was in warm area before frontal,while the Usagi typhoon rainstorm was caused by depression reverse trough and westerly belt synoptic system,and its rainfall was frontal precipitation. The Utor moved from easterlies into westerlies and the change on the relative position of Utor to the West Pacific ocean subtropical high were the main causes of the track of Utor typhoon turning northward after its landfall. The Utor low-pressure circulation system interacted with South China Sea monsoon,and its abundant vapor transmission played the most important role in maintaining Utor circulation for a long period and in producing the heavy rainfall over the southeastern part of Hunan.However,after Usagi's landfall,the South China Sea monsoon was much more southerly,which was not beneficial to the maintenance of Usagi and water vapor transportation. The coupled structure of strong convergence and positive vorticity nearby the shear line in the lower layer with divergence and negative vorticity in the upper level over the heavy rain center area provided dynamical condition for the occurrence and development of Utor typhoon heavy rainfall. Frontogenetical forcing caused by cold air intrusion in middle and low level as well as the sub-circulation resulted from the coupling of upper and lower jets,strengthened the convergence of cold and warm airflow in the inverted trough of Usagi typhoon,which were the dynamic mechanisms for the development of mesoscale convective system and rainstorm production.
Based on the routine observational data,regional automatic weather station data and NCEP 1° ×1° reanalysis data,a comparative analysis on two processes of typhoon heavy rainfall with similar routes in Hunan province of 2013 was analyzed. Results show that the Utor typhoon rainstorm was caused by typhoon circulation directly,whose rainfall was in warm area before frontal,while the Usagi typhoon rainstorm was caused by depression reverse trough and westerly belt synoptic system,and its rainfall was frontal precipitation. The Utor moved from easterlies into westerlies and the change on the relative position of Utor to the West Pacific ocean subtropical high were the main causes of the track of Utor typhoon turning northward after its landfall. The Utor low-pressure circulation system interacted with South China Sea monsoon,and its abundant vapor transmission played the most important role in maintaining Utor circulation for a long period and in producing the heavy rainfall over the southeastern part of Hunan.However,after Usagi's landfall,the South China Sea monsoon was much more southerly,which was not beneficial to the maintenance of Usagi and water vapor transportation. The coupled structure of strong convergence and positive vorticity nearby the shear line in the lower layer with divergence and negative vorticity in the upper level over the heavy rain center area provided dynamical condition for the occurrence and development of Utor typhoon heavy rainfall. Frontogenetical forcing caused by cold air intrusion in middle and low level as well as the sub-circulation resulted from the coupling of upper and lower jets,strengthened the convergence of cold and warm airflow in the inverted trough of Usagi typhoon,which were the dynamic mechanisms for the development of mesoscale convective system and rainstorm production.
引文
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[17]陈联寿.登陆台风中的科学问题∥香山科学会议第275次学术讨论会会议文集.2006:8-15.CHEN Lianshou.The scientific problems in landing typhoons∥Xiangshan-science conferences.The 275th symposium conference(in Chinese).2006:8-15.
[18]许爱华,叶成志,欧阳里程,等.“云娜”台风登陆后的路径和降水的诊断分析.热带气象学报,2006,22(3):229-236.XU Aihua,YE Chengzhi,OUYANG Licheng,et al.The diagnostic analysis of the track and precipitation of typhoon"Rananim"after landfall.Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),2006,22(3):229-236.
[19]Gimeno L,Nieto R,Vázquez M,et al.Atmospheric rivers:a mini-review.Front.Earth Sci.,2014,2:2.
[20]JIANG Tianyu,Evans K J,DENG Yi,et al.Intermediate frequency atmospheric disturbances:A dynamical bridge connecting western U.S.extreme precipitation with East Asian cold surges.J.Geophys.Res.:Atmos.,2014,119(7):3723-3735.
[21]Neiman P J,Ralph F M,Wick G A,et al.Meteorological characteristics and overland precipitation impacts of atmospheric rivers affecting the west coast of North America based on eight years of SSM/I satellite observations.J.Hydrometeor.,2008,9(1):22-47.
[2]姚丽娜,曾明剑,韩桂荣,等.台风登陆衰减后造成降水加强的概况.气象科学,2013,33(1):77-82.YAO Lina,ZENG Mingjian,HAN Guirong,et al.Summary of causing increase in precipitation by landfalling weakened tropical cyclone.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2013,33(1):77-82.
[3]李新峰,赵坤,王明筠,等.多普勒雷达资料循环同化在台风“鲇鱼”预报中的应用.气象科学,2013,33(3):255-263.LI Xinfeng,ZHAO Kun,WANG Mingjun,et al.Short-term forecasting of super typhoon Megi at landfall through cycling assimilation of China coastal radar data.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2013,33(3):255-263.
[4]张雪蓉,陈联寿,濮梅娟,等.登陆台风变性过程的物理机制分析.气象科学,2013,33(6):685-692.ZHANG Xuerong,CHEN Lianshou,PU Meijuan,et al.Physical mechanism of typhoon extratropical transition.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2013,33(6):685-692.
[5]杜惠良,黄新晴,冯晓伟,等.弱冷空气与台风残留低压相互作用对一次大暴雨过程的影响.气象,2011,37(7):847-856.DU Huiliang,HUANG Xinqing,FENG Xiaowei,et al.The effect of the interaction between weak cold flow and typhoon depression on a rainstorm.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2011,37(7):847-856.
[6]罗碧瑜,张晨辉,李源峰,等.2006年台风“碧利斯”与“格美”的降水差异性比较.海洋科学进展,2009,27(1):74-80.LUO Biyu,ZHANG Chenhui,LI Yuanfeng,et al.Rainfall contrast between typhoon Bilis and Kaemi 2006.Advances in Marine Science(in Chinese),2009,27(1):74-80.
[7]许娈,何金海,高守亭,等.集合动力因子对登陆台风“莫拉克”(0908)暴雨落区的诊断与预报研究.大气科学,2013,37(1):23-35.XU Luan,HE Jinhai,GAO Shouting,et al.Diagnostic and predictive studies of torrential rain location associated with landfalling typhoon Morakot(0908)using multi-dynamical parameters.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2013,37(1):23-35.
[8]余贞寿,冀春晓,倪东鸿,等.台风“韦帕”(0713)引发华东暴雨过程的诊断比较.气象科学,2012,32(1):101-109.YU Zhenshou,JI Chunxiao,NI Donghong,et al.Comparative analysis of rainstorm course over East China induced by typhoon Wipha(0713).Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2012,32(1):101-109.
[9]周冠博,崔晓鹏,高守亭.台风“凤凰”登陆过程的高分辨率数值模拟及其降水的诊断分析.大气科学,2012,36(1):23-34.ZHOU Guanbo,CUI Xiaopeng,GAO Shouting.The high-resolution numerical simulation and diagnostic analysis of the landfall process of typhoon Fungwong.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2012,36(1):23-34.
[10]周泓,金少华,尤红.台风“灿都”造成云南强降水过程的水汽螺旋度诊断分析.气象科学,2012,32(3):339-346.ZHOU Hong,JIN Shaohua,YOU Hong.Diagnostic analysis of moisture helicity for the heavy rainfall processes in Yunnan caused by typhoon“Chanthu”.Journal of the Meteorological Sciences(in Chinese),2012,32(3):339-346.
[11]李英,陈联寿,王继志.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征.气象学报,2004,62(2):167-179.LI Ying,CHEN Lianshou,WANG Jizhi.The diagnostic analysis on the characteristics of large scale circulation corresponding to the sustaining and decaying of tropical cyclone after it's landfall.Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,62(2):167-179.
[12]王同美,温之平,李彦,等.登陆广东热带气旋统计及个例的对比分析.中山大学学报(自然科学版),2003,42(5):97-100.WANG Tongmei,WEN Zhiping,LI Yan,et al.Comparative analysis of the duration reason of tropical cyclones landing on Guangdong.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni(in Chinese),2003,42(5):97-100.
[13]庄婧,马志学.圣帕台风陆上维持原因之浅析.气象,2008,34(T1):238-243.ZHUANG Jing,MA Zhixue.Cause analysis of maintenance of typhoon Sepat on land.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2008,34(T1):238-243.
[14]孙建华,齐琳琳,赵思雄.“9608”号台风登陆北上引发北方特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统研究.气象学报,2006,64(1):57-71.SUN Jianhua,QI Linlin,ZHAO Sixiong.A study on mesoscale convective systems of the severe heavy rainfall in North China by“9608”typhoon.Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,64(1):57-71.
[15]叶成志,李昀英,黎祖贤.两次严重影响湖南的登陆台风水汽场特征数值模拟.高原气象,2009,28(1):98-107.YE Chengzhi,LI Yunying,LI Zuxian.Numerical study on the water vapor transports of the two landfalling cyclones affecting Hunan province.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,28(1):98-107.
[16]余贞寿,陈敏,叶子祥,等.相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨对比分析.热带气象学报,2009,25(1):37-47.YU Zhenshou,CHEN Min,YE Zixiang,et al.Analysis of rainstorm associated with similar track tropical cyclones“Haitang”(0505)and“Bilis”(0604).Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,25(1):37-47.
[17]陈联寿.登陆台风中的科学问题∥香山科学会议第275次学术讨论会会议文集.2006:8-15.CHEN Lianshou.The scientific problems in landing typhoons∥Xiangshan-science conferences.The 275th symposium conference(in Chinese).2006:8-15.
[18]许爱华,叶成志,欧阳里程,等.“云娜”台风登陆后的路径和降水的诊断分析.热带气象学报,2006,22(3):229-236.XU Aihua,YE Chengzhi,OUYANG Licheng,et al.The diagnostic analysis of the track and precipitation of typhoon"Rananim"after landfall.Journal of Tropical Meteorology(in Chinese),2006,22(3):229-236.
[19]Gimeno L,Nieto R,Vázquez M,et al.Atmospheric rivers:a mini-review.Front.Earth Sci.,2014,2:2.
[20]JIANG Tianyu,Evans K J,DENG Yi,et al.Intermediate frequency atmospheric disturbances:A dynamical bridge connecting western U.S.extreme precipitation with East Asian cold surges.J.Geophys.Res.:Atmos.,2014,119(7):3723-3735.
[21]Neiman P J,Ralph F M,Wick G A,et al.Meteorological characteristics and overland precipitation impacts of atmospheric rivers affecting the west coast of North America based on eight years of SSM/I satellite observations.J.Hydrometeor.,2008,9(1):22-47.