新疆塔县地区片麻岩冻融劣化机理与规律试验研究
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摘要
新疆塔县地区广泛分布小规模岩质崩塌,是该地区频繁爆发泥石流的主要物源。调查发现,这些崩塌主要受区域性节理和风化作用控制。为揭示塔县地区岩体冻融劣化及崩塌机理,本文选取崩塌岩体中岩性比例最高的片麻岩,在干燥和饱和条件下进行不同次数的冻融循环试验,通过SEM电镜扫描和吸水率、大开空隙率以及质量损失测试,研究片麻岩样微观结构和宏观物理特性的变化。结果表明,在内部应力以及冻胀力的作用下,片麻岩微观结构发生劣化,联结较弱颗粒的破碎、剥落以及微观裂隙的扩展导致斜坡表层岩体强度降低,抗风化能力下降。而在冻融循环作用的长期影响下,这种风化作用会逐渐进入坡体内部,最终导致连续小规模崩塌,并在坡脚处堆积,为泥石流提供物源。
Collapses controlled by joints and freezing-thawing weathering widely occur in the Taxian area of Xinjiang. In order to reveal the mechanisms of freezing-thawing deterioration of rock mass and collapse formation,samples of gneiss are examined from the aspects of microstructure and physico-mechanical characteristics in freezing-thawing cyclic tests of different times in the dry and fully saturated states. The research results show that the microstructural deterioration of gneiss,which is caused by peeling of internal particle and propagation of microcrack,reduces the strength and intensifies weathering of rock mass. The longterm freezing-thawing cyclic effect may causes collapses,which provide source for debris flows.
Collapses controlled by joints and freezing-thawing weathering widely occur in the Taxian area of Xinjiang. In order to reveal the mechanisms of freezing-thawing deterioration of rock mass and collapse formation,samples of gneiss are examined from the aspects of microstructure and physico-mechanical characteristics in freezing-thawing cyclic tests of different times in the dry and fully saturated states. The research results show that the microstructural deterioration of gneiss,which is caused by peeling of internal particle and propagation of microcrack,reduces the strength and intensifies weathering of rock mass. The longterm freezing-thawing cyclic effect may causes collapses,which provide source for debris flows.
引文
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[14]徐光苗,刘泉声.岩石冻融破坏机理分析及冻融力学试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3076-3082.[XU G M,LIU Q S. Analysis of mechanism of rock failure due to freeze-thaw cycling and mechanical testing study on frozen-thawed rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(in Chinese)]
[15]工程岩体试验方法标准:GB/T 50266—2013[S].[Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass:GB/T 50266—2013[S].(in Chinese)]
[16]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:36.[LIU Y R,TANG H M. Rock Mechanics[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008:36.(in Chinese)]
[17]卢连长,张泽,冯文杰,等.冻融循环作用下冻结黏土矿物物理力学性质研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):118-123.[LU L C,ZHANG Z,FENG W J et al. Research on variability of freezingthawing cycle on basic physical and mechanics properties of clay minerals[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):118-123(in Chinese)]
[2]张明,杨龙,吕文韬,等.新疆叶城—乌恰地区地震触发滑坡致灾机理调查报告[R].武汉:中国地质大学(武汉),2017.[ZHANG M,YANG L,LYU W T,et al. Investigation report on landslides caused by earthquakes in Yecheng-Wuqia area,Xingjiang[R].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2017.(in Chinese)]
[3]胡桂胜,尚彦军,曾庆利,等.新疆叶城“7. 6”特大灾害性泥石流应急科学调查[J].山地学报,2017,35(1):112-116.[HU G S,SHANG Y J,ZENG Q L,et al. The emergency scientific investigation of catastrophic debris flow in Yecheng County of Xinjiang on July 6th[J]. Mountain Research,2017,35(1):112-116.(in Chinese)]
[4]母剑桥.循环冻融条件下岩体损伤劣化特性及其致灾效应研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2013.[MU J Q. The rock degradation damage characteristics and the disaster-causing effects under the cyclic freeze-thaw action[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)]
[5]乔国文,王运生,储飞,等.冻融风化边坡岩体破坏机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2015,25(3):469-476.[QIAO G W,WANG Y S,CHU F,et al.Failure mechanism of slope rock mass due to freeze thaw weathering[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2015,25(3):469-476.(in Chinese)]
[6]罗学东,黄成林,肜增湘,等.冻融循环作用下蒙库铁矿边坡岩体物理力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):1688-1693.[LUO X D,HUANG C L,RONG Z X,et al. Study of physicomechanical characteristics of rocks in slope of Mengku iron mine under freezing-thawing cyclic effect[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Sup 1):1688-1693.(in Chinese)]
[7] NICHOLSON H,DAWN T,NICHOLSON F. Physical deterioration of sedimentary rocks subjected to experimental freezing-thawing weathering[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2000,25(12):1295-1308.
[8] MATSUOKA N. Mechanisms of rock breakdown by frost action:an experimental approach[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology,1990,17:253-270.
[9] MUTLUTIIK M,ALTINDAG R,TILRK G. A decay function model for the integrity loss of rock when subjected to recurrent cycles of freezing-thawing and heating-cooling[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2004,41(2):237-244.
[10]徐光苗,刘泉声,彭万巍,等.低温作用下岩石基本力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2502-2508.[XU G M,LIU Q S,PENG W W, et al. Experimental study on basic mechanical behaviors of rocks under low temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2502-2508.(in Chinese)]
[11]黄勇.高寒山区岩体冻融力学行为及崩塌机制研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2012.[HUANG Y.Research on freeze-thaw mechanical behavior of rock mass and collapse formation mechanism along the highway located in alpine and strong earthquake regions[D]. Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese)]
[12]刘传正.关注冰雪冻融引发的崩塌滑坡灾害[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(2):3.[LIU C Z.Focus on the collapse and landslide caused by snow hazard[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(2):3.(in Chinese)]
[13]杨艳霞,祝艳波,李才,等.南方极端冰雪灾害条件下边坡崩塌机理初步研究[J].人民长江,2012,43(2):46-49.[YANG Y X,ZHU Y B,LI C,et al.Preliminary research on formation mechanism of collapse under the condition of extreme snow hazard[J]. Yangtze River,2012,43(2):46-49.(in Chinese)]
[14]徐光苗,刘泉声.岩石冻融破坏机理分析及冻融力学试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3076-3082.[XU G M,LIU Q S. Analysis of mechanism of rock failure due to freeze-thaw cycling and mechanical testing study on frozen-thawed rocks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3076-3082.(in Chinese)]
[15]工程岩体试验方法标准:GB/T 50266—2013[S].[Standard for test methods of engineering rock mass:GB/T 50266—2013[S].(in Chinese)]
[16]刘佑荣,唐辉明.岩体力学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:36.[LIU Y R,TANG H M. Rock Mechanics[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008:36.(in Chinese)]
[17]卢连长,张泽,冯文杰,等.冻融循环作用下冻结黏土矿物物理力学性质研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(4):118-123.[LU L C,ZHANG Z,FENG W J et al. Research on variability of freezingthawing cycle on basic physical and mechanics properties of clay minerals[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(4):118-123(in Chinese)]
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