赫斯顿自传的“症候式”阅读
|
摘要
佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿是非裔美国文学之母,作为哈莱姆文艺复兴的一面旗帜,她在美国文学史上占有重要的一席。在她的人生和创作生涯中,自传《一路风尘》是一个转折点。此后她几乎放弃了小说创作,在文坛的声誉也每况愈下,并逐渐从历史的舞台上消失。在这部自传中,存在着各种各样的"症候",如谎言、省略、自相矛盾、不连贯叙事等,它们是文本背后各种力量博弈的产物,反映出赫斯顿的各种隐秘意识和矛盾心态。
As a mother figure in African American literature, Zora Neale Hurston is a leading writer in Harlem Renaissance, and she has won her place in American literary arena. Her autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road is a perfunctory book written for the occasion; however, it becomes the turning point of her whole life. After finishing this autobiography, Hurston nearly gives up writing fiction; her reputation has gone steadily downhill and is later discarded on the ash heap of history. By using French scholar Louis Althusser's symptomatic reading, the present paper attempts to uncover various "symptoms" in Hurston's autobiography, such as lies, omissions, self-contradictions, and incoherent narrative. It also examines the conflicts of different forces within the text, and presents Hurston's hidden consciousness and ambivalence.
As a mother figure in African American literature, Zora Neale Hurston is a leading writer in Harlem Renaissance, and she has won her place in American literary arena. Her autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road is a perfunctory book written for the occasion; however, it becomes the turning point of her whole life. After finishing this autobiography, Hurston nearly gives up writing fiction; her reputation has gone steadily downhill and is later discarded on the ash heap of history. By using French scholar Louis Althusser's symptomatic reading, the present paper attempts to uncover various "symptoms" in Hurston's autobiography, such as lies, omissions, self-contradictions, and incoherent narrative. It also examines the conflicts of different forces within the text, and presents Hurston's hidden consciousness and ambivalence.
引文
(1) Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo,"Time’s Critics Pick the 100 Best Novels,1923 to Present,"Jan.6 2010,http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/the_complete_list.html.
(2)参见Alice Walker,"Looking for Zora,"in Alice Walker,In Search of Our Mothers'Gardens,San Diego:Harcourt Brace and Co.,1983,pp.93-116.
(3) Valerie Boyd,Wrapped in Rainbows:The Life of Zora Neale Hurston,New York:Scribner,2003,p.438.
(4)参见Henry Louis Gates,Jr.,The Signifying Monkey,New York:Oxford University Press,1988,p.112.
(1)[法]路易·阿尔都塞:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,北京:中央编译出版社,2001年,第94页。
(2)路易·阿尔都塞:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,第21页。
(3) Timothy Dow Adams,Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography,Chapel Hill and London:The University of North Carolina Press,1990,p.ix.
(4)钱钟书:《写在人生边上》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1990年,第5页。
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,New York:Harper Perennial,1991,p.1.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.19.
(3) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston:A Literary Biography,Urbana and Chicago,1977,p.162.
(4)参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.62-65.
(5)参见Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.32.
(6) Henry Louis Gates,Jr.and Nellie Y.Mckay(eds.),The Norton Anthology of African American Literature,New York:W.W.Norton and Company,2004,p.109.
(7) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.22.
(8) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.22-23.
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.41-42.
(2)[法]卢梭:《忏悔录》,黎星译,北京:人民文学出版社,1980年,第814-815页。
(3) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on Rood,p.37.
(4) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.13.
(5) Maya Angelou,foreword,in Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.xii.
(6) Mary Helen Washington,"A Women Half in Shadow,"in Harold Bloom(ed.),Modern Critical Views:Zora Neale Hurston,New York:Chelsea House Publishers,1986.
(7) Darwin Turner,introduction,in Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,New York:Arno Press,1969,p.iv.
(8) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(1) J.M.Coetzee,Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992,p.17.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.112.
(3) Langston Hughes,The Big Sea,New York:Hill and Wang,1963,p.62.
(4) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.129.
(1)参见Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,pp.142-148.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Their Eyes Were Watching God,New York:Harper Perennial,1998,p.1.
(3) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(4) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(5)以上内容参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.157-172.
(6) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.172.
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.157-158.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.209.
(3) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.286.
(4)参见Claudia Roth Pierpont,"A Society of One:Zora Neale Hurston:American Contrarian,"The New Yorker,February17,1997,p.82.
(5)参见Pierre A.Walker,"Zora Neale Hurston and the Post-modern Self in Dust Tracks on a Road,"African American Review,vol.32,no.3(Fall 1998),pp.387-399.
(1)参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.191.
(2)参见Roy Pascal,Design and Truth in Autobiography,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1960,pp.15-16.
(2)参见Alice Walker,"Looking for Zora,"in Alice Walker,In Search of Our Mothers'Gardens,San Diego:Harcourt Brace and Co.,1983,pp.93-116.
(3) Valerie Boyd,Wrapped in Rainbows:The Life of Zora Neale Hurston,New York:Scribner,2003,p.438.
(4)参见Henry Louis Gates,Jr.,The Signifying Monkey,New York:Oxford University Press,1988,p.112.
(1)[法]路易·阿尔都塞:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,北京:中央编译出版社,2001年,第94页。
(2)路易·阿尔都塞:《读〈资本论〉》,李其庆、冯文光译,第21页。
(3) Timothy Dow Adams,Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography,Chapel Hill and London:The University of North Carolina Press,1990,p.ix.
(4)钱钟书:《写在人生边上》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1990年,第5页。
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,New York:Harper Perennial,1991,p.1.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.19.
(3) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston:A Literary Biography,Urbana and Chicago,1977,p.162.
(4)参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.62-65.
(5)参见Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.32.
(6) Henry Louis Gates,Jr.and Nellie Y.Mckay(eds.),The Norton Anthology of African American Literature,New York:W.W.Norton and Company,2004,p.109.
(7) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.22.
(8) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.22-23.
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.41-42.
(2)[法]卢梭:《忏悔录》,黎星译,北京:人民文学出版社,1980年,第814-815页。
(3) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on Rood,p.37.
(4) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.13.
(5) Maya Angelou,foreword,in Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.xii.
(6) Mary Helen Washington,"A Women Half in Shadow,"in Harold Bloom(ed.),Modern Critical Views:Zora Neale Hurston,New York:Chelsea House Publishers,1986.
(7) Darwin Turner,introduction,in Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,New York:Arno Press,1969,p.iv.
(8) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(1) J.M.Coetzee,Doubling the Point:Essays and Interviews,Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1992,p.17.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.112.
(3) Langston Hughes,The Big Sea,New York:Hill and Wang,1963,p.62.
(4) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.129.
(1)参见Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,pp.142-148.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Their Eyes Were Watching God,New York:Harper Perennial,1998,p.1.
(3) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(4) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.192.
(5)以上内容参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.157-172.
(6) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.172.
(1) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,pp.157-158.
(2) Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.209.
(3) Robert E.Hemenway,Zora Neale Hurston,p.286.
(4)参见Claudia Roth Pierpont,"A Society of One:Zora Neale Hurston:American Contrarian,"The New Yorker,February17,1997,p.82.
(5)参见Pierre A.Walker,"Zora Neale Hurston and the Post-modern Self in Dust Tracks on a Road,"African American Review,vol.32,no.3(Fall 1998),pp.387-399.
(1)参见Zora Neale Hurston,Dust Tracks on a Road,p.191.
(2)参见Roy Pascal,Design and Truth in Autobiography,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1960,pp.15-16.