传统村落利用度与评价指标体系研究——以湖南省首批中国传统村落为例
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摘要
运用理论分析、目标分析和实证分析相结合的方法,从居住利用、商业利用、游憩利用、文教利用四个方面构建了传统村落利用度评价指标体系和综合评价函数。在此基础上,以湖南省首批中国传统村落为例进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)湖南首批中国传统村落利用度总体处于一般水平,且内部利用状态差异明显;(2)四项准则层的利用状态有较大差异,居住利用度>商业利用度>游憩利用度>文教利用度;(3)12项指标内部差异较大,住宅建筑比和住宅人口比利用度较高,而文教活动人员比、已利用传统文化种类比等3项指标则利用度较低;(4)案例研究初步证明了构建的传统村落利用度评价体系的实用性和计算函数的可行性,能较好地描述传统村落利用状态。
This paper constructed the evaluation index system,which included 12 indicators,and evaluation function of the utilization of traditional villages from residential,commercial,recreational,cultural and educational based on the method of theoretical analysis,target analysis and empirical.Then,the first traditional villages were evaluated in Hunan Province by it.The results showed:(1)The overall utilization of the first of Hunan traditional villages was moderate,and the difference were very obvious.(2)The utilization status of the four criteria was also different,and the degree of residential utilization > business utilization > recreation utilization > cultural and educational utilization.(3)The internal differences of the 12 indexes were larger,and the utilization ratio of residential buildings was more than that of the residential population.However,the utilization ratio of 3 indicators,such as the ratio of cultural and educational activities,and the ratio of the traditional cultural types was less.(4)The case study preliminarily proved the feasibility of the evaluation system of traditional village and the feasibility of the calculation function,which could describe the utilization of the traditional village.
This paper constructed the evaluation index system,which included 12 indicators,and evaluation function of the utilization of traditional villages from residential,commercial,recreational,cultural and educational based on the method of theoretical analysis,target analysis and empirical.Then,the first traditional villages were evaluated in Hunan Province by it.The results showed:(1)The overall utilization of the first of Hunan traditional villages was moderate,and the difference were very obvious.(2)The utilization status of the four criteria was also different,and the degree of residential utilization > business utilization > recreation utilization > cultural and educational utilization.(3)The internal differences of the 12 indexes were larger,and the utilization ratio of residential buildings was more than that of the residential population.However,the utilization ratio of 3 indicators,such as the ratio of cultural and educational activities,and the ratio of the traditional cultural types was less.(4)The case study preliminarily proved the feasibility of the evaluation system of traditional village and the feasibility of the calculation function,which could describe the utilization of the traditional village.
引文
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[19]焦胜,郑志名,徐峰,等.传统村落分布的“边缘化”特征——以湖南省为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(8)∶1525-1534.
[20]杨立国,刘沛林,李强,等.旅游小镇成熟度评价指标体系与实证研究——以首批湖湘风情文化旅游小镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(7)∶191-197.
[2]刘沛林.家园的景观与基因—传统聚落景观基因图谱的深层解读[M].北京:商务印书馆,2014∶38.
[3]冯骥才.传统村落的困境与出路——兼谈传统村落是另一类文化遗产[J].民间文化论坛,2013,(1)∶7-12.
[4]刘馨秋,王思明.中国传统村落保护的困境与出路[J].中国农史,2015,(4)∶99-107.
[5]马羽中炜,覃丽赢.回归村落:保护与利用传统村落的出路[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(2)∶9-11.
[6]王云才,郭焕成,杨丽.北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例[J].地理科学,2006,26(6)∶735-742.
[7]陈耀华,杨柳,颜思琦.分散型村落遗产的保护利用——以开平碉楼与村落为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(2)∶369-379.
[8]余青,吴必虎.生态博物馆:一种民族文化持续旅游发展模式[J].人文地理,2001,16(6)∶40-43.
[9]吴文智,庄志民.体验经济时代下旅游产品的设计与创新——以古村落旅游产品体验化开发为例[J].旅游学刊,2003,18(6)∶66-70.
[10]保继刚,林敏慧.历史村镇的旅游商业化控制研究[J].地理学报,2014,69(2)∶268-277.
[11]薛宝琪,范红艳.传统村落的遗产价值及其开发利用[J].农业考古,2012,(1)∶380-383.
[12]石美玉,孙梦阳.非物质遗产旅游利用中的三大环节探论——以北京为节点的实证研究[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(6)∶50-56.
[13]徐红罡,吴悦芳,彭丽娟.古村落旅游地游线固化的路径依赖——世界遗产地西递、宏村实证分析[J].地理研究,2010,29(7)∶1324-1334.
[14]梁栋栋,陆林.古村落型旅游地土地利用的初步研究——世界文化遗产黟县西递案例分析[J].经济地理,2010,25(4)∶562-564.
[15]卢松,陈思屹,潘蕙.古村落旅游可持续性评估的初步研究——以世界文化遗产地宏村为例[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(1)∶17-25.
[16]李凡,蔡桢燕.古村落旅游开发中的利益主体研究——以大旗头古村为例[J].旅游学刊,2007,22(1)∶42-48.
[17]刘沛林,刘春腊,邓运员,等.基于景观基因完整性理念的传统聚落保护与开发[J].经济地理,2009,29(10)∶1731-1737.
[18]王汝辉,吴涛,樊巧.基于扎根理论的三圣花乡旅游景区原住民生存感知研究[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(7)∶31-38.
[19]焦胜,郑志名,徐峰,等.传统村落分布的“边缘化”特征——以湖南省为例[J].地理研究,2016,35(8)∶1525-1534.
[20]杨立国,刘沛林,李强,等.旅游小镇成熟度评价指标体系与实证研究——以首批湖湘风情文化旅游小镇为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(7)∶191-197.