青海湖地区晚第四纪黄土的物质来源
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摘要
青海湖地区的晚第四纪黄土记录了湖区晚第四纪以来的环境和气候变化.迄今为止,对于青海湖地区晚第四纪黄土物质来源的研究较薄弱.以青海湖东岸的种羊场晚第四纪风成沉积剖面为主要研究对象,在青海湖区及其周边采集了黄土、风成砂、湖相沉积、河流沉积等样品,结合黄土高原西部临洮黄土样品,对它们的元素组成(<75μm的硅酸盐组分)进行了对比研究.初步结果表明:(1)K_2O/Al_2O_3(摩尔比)和Zr/Ti、Zr/Nb比值显示青海湖地区的风成沉积显著区别于本区的河流沉积和湖相沉积;(2)青海湖地区的晚第四纪黄土与黄土高原西部临洮黄土的K_2O/Al_2O_3和Zr/Ti、Zr/Nb比值相一致;(3)青海湖地区的晚第四纪黄土可能来自柴达木盆地.
Late Quaternary loess deposit is widely distributed in the Qinghai Lake region and adjacent area.The loess deposit independently recorded the environmental and climatic changes during the late Quaternary in the Qinghai Lake region,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Nearly all studies are focused on reconstructing the environmental and climatic changes recorded by loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region.However,up to now,the provenance of the loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region is still poorly understood.Here we present the elemental concentration of the silicate fraction of the eolian deposit(<75μm)from the ZYC section in the Qinghai Lake region and LT section at Lintao County on the western Chinese Loess Plateau,loess deposits at Guanjiaoshan Mountain,Chaka town and Wulan County,eolian sands at western and eastern shore of the Qinghai Lake,and fluvial deposits from the Buhahe river and lacustrine deposits at Erlangjian site in the Qinghai Lake region.The results show that:(1)K_2O/Al_2O_3(molar ratio)and Zr/Ti,Zr/Nb ratios indicate that the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and adjacent area can be distinguished clearly from the local deposits represented by river deposits at Buhahe river and lacustrine deposits at Erlangjian in the drainage basin of Qinghai Lake;(2)There is similarity of the elemental ratios(K_2O/Al_2O_3 and Zr/Ti,Zr/Nb)between the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and loess deposits at Lintao County.Thus,the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and Lintao County may have the same source region;(3)Late Quaternary loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region is probably sourced from the Qaidam basin.
Late Quaternary loess deposit is widely distributed in the Qinghai Lake region and adjacent area.The loess deposit independently recorded the environmental and climatic changes during the late Quaternary in the Qinghai Lake region,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Nearly all studies are focused on reconstructing the environmental and climatic changes recorded by loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region.However,up to now,the provenance of the loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region is still poorly understood.Here we present the elemental concentration of the silicate fraction of the eolian deposit(<75μm)from the ZYC section in the Qinghai Lake region and LT section at Lintao County on the western Chinese Loess Plateau,loess deposits at Guanjiaoshan Mountain,Chaka town and Wulan County,eolian sands at western and eastern shore of the Qinghai Lake,and fluvial deposits from the Buhahe river and lacustrine deposits at Erlangjian site in the Qinghai Lake region.The results show that:(1)K_2O/Al_2O_3(molar ratio)and Zr/Ti,Zr/Nb ratios indicate that the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and adjacent area can be distinguished clearly from the local deposits represented by river deposits at Buhahe river and lacustrine deposits at Erlangjian in the drainage basin of Qinghai Lake;(2)There is similarity of the elemental ratios(K_2O/Al_2O_3 and Zr/Ti,Zr/Nb)between the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and loess deposits at Lintao County.Thus,the eolian deposits in the Qinghai Lake region and Lintao County may have the same source region;(3)Late Quaternary loess deposit in the Qinghai Lake region is probably sourced from the Qaidam basin.
引文
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Liu,X.J.,Lai,Z.P.,Yu,L.P.,et al.,2012.Luminescence Chronology of Aeolian Deposits from the Qinghai Lake Area in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Its Palaeoenvironmental Implications.Quaternary Geochronology,10:37-43.doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.01.016
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Bowler,J.M.,Chen,K.Z.,Yuan,B.Y.,1987.Systematic Variations in Loess Source Areas:Evidence from Qaidam and Qinghai Basins,Western China.In:Liu,T.S.,ed.,Aspects of Loess Research.China Ocean Press,Beijing,39-51.
Che,X.,Li,G.,2013.Binary Sources of Loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau Revealed by U-Pb Ages of Zircon.Quaternary Research,80(3):545-551.doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2013.05.007
Chen,J.,Li,G.J.,Yang,J.D.,et al.,2007.Nd and Sr Isotopic Characteristics of Chinese Deserts:Implications for the Provenances of Asian Dust.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,71(15):3904-3914.doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.033
E,C.Y.,Cao,G.C.,Hou,G.L.,et al.,2013.The Environmental Change Recorded in Jiangxigou Loess Sections in Qinghai Lake Region.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,33(4):193-200(in Chinese with English abstract).doi:10.3724/SP.J.1140.2013.04193
Fu,C.,An,Z.,Qiang,X.,et al.,2013.Magnetostratigraphic Determination of the Age of Ancient Lake Qinghai,and Record of the East Asian Monsoon since 4.63Ma.Geology,41(8):875-878.doi:10.1130/G34418.1
Gu,Z.Y.,1999.Weathering Histories of Chinese Dust Deposits Based on Uranium and Thorium Series Nuclides,Cosmogenic 10Be,and Major Elements(Dissertation).Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo,Z.T.,Ruddiman,W.F.,Hao,Q.Z.,et al.,2002.Onset of Asian Desertification by 22 Myr ago Inferred from Loess Deposits in China.Nature,(416):159-163.doi:10.1038/416159a
Han,W.,Ma,Z.,Lai,Z.,et al.,2014.Wind Erosion on the North-Eastern Tibetan Plateau:Constraints from OSLand U-Th Dating of Playa Salt Crust in the Qaidam Basin.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,39(6):779-789.doi:10.1002/esp.3483
Hao,Q.Z.,2001.A Stratigraphical Study on the Late Tertiary Eolian Deposit in Western Loess Plateau,Northern China(Dissertation).Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao,Q.Z.,Guo,Z.T.,Qiao,Y.S.,et al.,2010.Geochemical Evidence for the Provenance of Middle Pleistocene Loess Deposits in Southern China.Quaternary Science Reviews,29:3317-3326.doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.08.004
Holland,H.D.,1978.The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans.Wiley,New York.
Hou,G.L.,Wei,H.C.,E,C.Y.,et al.,2013.Human Activities and Environmental Change in Holocene in the Northeastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:A Case Study of JXG2Relic Site in Qinghai Lake.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(3):380-388(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hu,M.J.,Li,S.,Gao,S.Y.,et al.,2012.Evolution Process of Land Desertification around Qinghai Lake since 32ka BP Reflected by Sediment Grain-Size Features.Journal of DesertResearch,32(5):1240-1247(in Chinese with English abstract).
Kapp,P.,Pelletier,J.D.,Rohrmann,A.,et al.,2011.Wind Erosion in the Qaidam Basin,Central Asia:Implications for Tectonics,Paleoclimate,and the Source of the Loess Plateau.GSA Today,21:4-10.doi:10.1130/GSATG99A.1
Lai,Z.P.,Mischke,S.,Madsen,D.,2014.Paleoenvironmental Implications of New OSL Dates on the Formation of the“Shell Bar”in the Qaidam Basin,Northeastern QinghaiTibetan Plateau.Journal of Paleolimnology,51(2):197-210.doi:10.1007/s10933-013-9710-1
Liang,M.Y.,2009.Geochemical Characteristics of the Miocene Eolian Deposits in Northern China:Their Provenance and Climatic Implications(Dissertation).Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liang,M.Y.,Guo,Z.T.,Kahmann,A.J.,et al.,2009.Geochemical Characteristics of the Miocene Eolian Deposits in China:Their Provenance and Climate Implications.Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,10:Q04004.doi:10.1029/2008GC002331
Liu,X.J.,Lai,Z.P.,Fan,Q.S.,et al.,2010.Timing for High Lake Levels of Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Last Interglaciation Based on Quartz OSL Dating.Quaternary Geochronology,5(2-3):218-222.doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.03.010
Liu,X.J.,Lai,Z.P.,Yu,L.P.,et al.,2012.Luminescence Chronology of Aeolian Deposits from the Qinghai Lake Area in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Its Palaeoenvironmental Implications.Quaternary Geochronology,10:37-43.doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.01.016
Lu,H.,Zhao,C.,Mason,J.,et al.,2011.Holocene Climatic Changes Revealed by Aeolian Deposits from the Qinghai Lake Area(Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau)and Possible Forcing Mechanisms.The Holocene,21(2):297-304.doi:10.1177/0959683610378884
Pullen,A.,Kapp,P.,McCallister,A.T.,et al.,2011.Qaidam Basin and Northern Tibetan Plateau as Dust Sources for the Chinese Loess Plateau and Paleoclimatic Implications.Geology,39(11):1031-1034.doi:10.1130/G32296.1
Shang,Y.,Lu,R.J.,Jia,F.F.,et al.,2013.Geochemical Features and Palaeoenvironmental Indications of Aeolian Sediments on the East of Qinghai Lake.Journal of Desert Research,33(2):463-469(in Chinese with English abstract).
Shen,J.,Liu,X.Q.,Wang,S.M.,et al.,2005.Palaeoclimatic Changes in the Qinghai Lake Area during the Last18 000Years.Quaternary International,136(1):131-140.doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.014
Sugitani,K.,Horiuchi,Y.,Adachi,M.,et al.,1996.Anomalously Low Al2O3/TiO2 Values for Archean Cherts from the Pilbara Block,Western Australia-Possible Evidence for Extensive Chemical Weathering on the Early Earth.Precambrian Research,80(1-2):49-76.doi:10.1016/S0301-9268(96)00005-8
Sun,J.M.,2002.Provenance of Loess Material and Formation of Loess Deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,203:845-859.doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00921-4
Taylor,S.R.,McLennan,S.M.,McCulloch,M.T.,1983.Geochemistry of Loess,Continental Crustal Composition and Crustal Model Ages.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,47(11):1897-1905,doi:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90206-5
Wang,J.G.,Ma,H.Z.,Tan,H.B.,et al.,2005.Change of Carbonate Content and Record on Palaeoclimate Fluctuations in Heimahe Loess Section on Southern Qinghai Lake Shore.Journal of Salt Lake Research,13(4):5-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao,G.Q.,Zong,K.Q.,Li,G.J.,et al.,2012.Spatial and Glacial-Interglacial Variations in Provenance of the Chinese Loess Plateau.Geophysical Research Letters,39:L20715.doi:10.1029/2012GL053304
Xie,J.,Yang,S.L.,Ding,Z.L.,2012.Methods and Application of Using Detrital Zircons to Trace the Provenance of Loess.Science China Earth Sciences,55(11):1837-1846.doi:10.1007/s11430-012-4428-x
Yu,J.Q.,Zhang,L.S.,2008.Lake Qinghai:Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate.Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
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