某土石坝上游护坡型式改变影响坝顶高程的试验研究
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摘要
针对病险水库除险加固过程中会出现的上游护坡型式改变的情况,基于物理模型试验,研究各工况下干砌石与混凝土两种类型护坡的波浪爬高及越浪情况,确定护坡类型变化对波浪爬高和坝顶高程的影响。以某水库大坝为例,采用1∶15的模型比尺进行了不同护坡型式典型断面的波浪物理模型试验。研究发现,由于干砌石、混凝土两种型式护坡的糙渗系数相差0.15,干砌石护坡改为混凝土护坡后最大波浪爬高计算值增长0.56m,试验值增长0.6m,此情况下坝顶的现状高程不能满足规范要求;改变护坡型式后波浪冲击坝顶胸腔而产生的跃浪量也会增加,胸墙收到的最大波浪压力从15.9kPa增至17.8kPa。试验的成果对类似除险加固工程的设计工作具有借鉴意义。
In view of the upstream slope protection type change in the process of the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs,we conducted a physical model test to study the wave run-up and overtopping situation of the dry masonry slope protection type and the concrete type,and determined the effect of slope protection type change on the wave run-up and crest elevation.In this paper,we took a reservoir dam for a case study.A wave physical model test of a typical section of the slope protection types was carried out at the scale of 1∶15.The test results showed that the roughness coefficients of the dry masonry and concrete types differed by 0.15.After the change of slope protection type from dry masonry to concrete,the calculation value of the maximum wave run-up increased by 0.56 m,and the test value increased by 0.6 m.In this condition,the original crest elevation could not meet the standard requirements.In addition,after the change of slope protection,the wave overtopping will also increase.The maximum wave pressure on the parapet will increase from 15.9 kPa to 17.8 kPa.The results of the test can provide a reference to the design of similar reinforcement projects.
In view of the upstream slope protection type change in the process of the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs,we conducted a physical model test to study the wave run-up and overtopping situation of the dry masonry slope protection type and the concrete type,and determined the effect of slope protection type change on the wave run-up and crest elevation.In this paper,we took a reservoir dam for a case study.A wave physical model test of a typical section of the slope protection types was carried out at the scale of 1∶15.The test results showed that the roughness coefficients of the dry masonry and concrete types differed by 0.15.After the change of slope protection type from dry masonry to concrete,the calculation value of the maximum wave run-up increased by 0.56 m,and the test value increased by 0.6 m.In this condition,the original crest elevation could not meet the standard requirements.In addition,after the change of slope protection,the wave overtopping will also increase.The maximum wave pressure on the parapet will increase from 15.9 kPa to 17.8 kPa.The results of the test can provide a reference to the design of similar reinforcement projects.
引文
[1]谭界雄,位敏.我国水库大坝病害特点及除险加固技术概述[J].中国水利,2010(18):17-20.(TAN J,WEI M.Summary on the dam disaster character and reinforcement technology in China[J].China Water Resources,2010(18):17-20.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2010.18.006.
[2]张大伟,李雷.水库大坝除险加固体制机制问题与对策思考[J].中国水利,2013(10):31-36.(ZHANG D,LI L.Issues and measures related to institutional mechanism of dammed reservoir reinforcement[J].China Water Resources,2013(10):31-36.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2013.10.012.
[3]盛金保,刘嘉炘,张士辰,等.病险水库除险加固项目溃坝机理调查分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(11):1620-1625.(SHENG J B,LIU J X,ZHANG S C.Investigation and analysis of failure mechanism of reinforced dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(11):1620-1625.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2008.11.008.
[4]严祖文,魏迎奇,张国栋.病险水库除险加固现状分析及对策[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(10):76-79.(YAN Z W,WEI Y Q,ZHANG G D.Status analysis and countermeasures for risk elimination and reinforcement of dangerous reservoir[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2010,41(10):76-79.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0860.2010.10.019.
[5]谭界雄,位敏.我国水库大坝病害特点及除险加固技术概述[J].中国水利,2010(18):17-20.(TAN J X,WEI M.Summary on the dam disaster character and reinforcement technology in China[J].China Water Resources,2010(18):17-20.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2010.18.006.
[6]江慧慧.水库除险加固大坝内坡干砌石护坡论证计算方法[J].企业科技与发展,2010(8):96-97.(JIANG H H.Calculation methods of protecting slope of dry-laid stone of risk elimination and reinforcement dam[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,2010(8):96-97.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0688.2010.08.036.
[7]卢贵.大坝贴坡技术在水库除险加固中的应用[J].企业科技与发展,2011(17):73-74.(LU G.On the application of dam fitting-slope technology to reservoir reinforcement[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,2011(17):73-74.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0688.2011.17.026.
[8]吴美安,孙勇,李启涛.混凝土砌块护坡护面层稳定厚度的计算方法[J].人民黄河,2006,28(1):62-64.(WU M A,SUN Y,LI Q T.Methods for calculating stable thickness of concrete protected slopes[J].Yellow River,2006,28(1):62-64.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2006.01.026.
[9]张开富,王萍.小型水库除险加固工程上游护坡及坝顶型式探讨[J].北京农业,2012(36):117.(ZHANG K F,WANG P.Consideration of small reservoir reinforcement project of upstream slope protection and dam top type[J].Beijing Agriculture,2012(36):117.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6966.2012.36.116.
[10]张欣.土坝混凝土护坡设计有关问题的探讨[J].吉林水利,2016(9):11-12.(ZHANG X.Discussion on some problems in the design of concrete slope protection for earth dam[J].Jilin Water Resources,2016(9):11-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-2846.2016.09.004.
[11]姜树海,范子武.时变效应对大坝防洪风险率的影响研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(4):425-430.(JIANG S W,FAN Z W.Influence of time-varying effect on flood control risk rate for dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(4):425-430.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2006.04.007.
[12]焦景辉,李辉.吉林省新立城水库坝顶高程复核及加固处理研究[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010(2):54-57.(JIAO J H,LI H.Research on the review of crest elevation and reinforcement of xinlicheng reservoir dam in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010(2):54-57.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8984.2010.02.015.
[13]马中响.水库坝顶高程确定的影响因素分析[J].中国水运月刊,2016,16(4):136-138.(MA Z X.Analysis of the factors affecting the reservoir crest elevation determined[J].China Water Transport,2016,16(4):136-138.(in Chinese))
[14]乔树梁,杜金曼,陈国平,等.湖泊风浪特性及风浪要素的计算[J].水利水运工程学报,1996(3):189-197.(QIAO S L,DU J M,CHEN G P,et al.Calculation of characteristics and factors of wind and wave in lakes[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1996(3):189-197.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640x.1996.03.001.
[15]张丹.上升水库护坡工程设计[J].水利科技与经济,2011,17(1):60-61.(ZHANG D.Design of slope protection in shangshen reservoir[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2011,17(1):60-61.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7175.2011.01.024.
[16]牟忠善,王玉鑫,于忠华.东湖水库围坝上游护坡及坝顶高程设计[J].山东水利,2011(11):9-12.(MOU Z S,WANG Y X,YU Z H.Design of slope protection and crest elevation in Donghu Reservoir[J].Shandong Water Resources,2011(11):9-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6159.2011.11.005.
[17]郑殿祥,周荣星,金瑞清,等.平原水库波浪爬高计算方法探讨[J].人民黄河,2009,31(3):86-87.(ZHEN D X,ZHOU R X,JIN R Q,et al.Approach to calculation methods of wave ascent of a plain reservoir[J].Yellow River,2009,31(3):86-87.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2009.03.041.
[18]张士辰,厉丹丹,郭利娜.基于工程安全程度与溃决概率关系的中国水库工程安全等级划分标准初步研究[C].大坝技术及长效性能研究进展.2011.(ZHANG S C,LI D D,GUO L N.Preliminary study on Chinese reservoir engineering safety classification standard based on the relationship between engineering safety degree and burst probability[C].2011(in Chinese))
[19]朱嘉玲,王震,孙天霆,等.斜向规则波作用下斜坡堤波浪爬高试验研究[J].中国港湾建设,2017,37(2):33-37.(ZHU J L,WANG Z,SUN T T,et al.Experimental study on wave runup of sloping seawall under oblique regular waves[J].China Harbour Engineering,2017,37(2):33-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7640/zggwjs201702007.
[20]陈培波.波浪对石笼护面块体作用的试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.(CHEN P B.Experimental study on the wave of stone cage armor block effect[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[21]孙开畅,李权,尹志伟,等.基于Rackwitz-Fiessler方法的土石坝漫顶风险数学模型[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2017,50(3):327-331.(SUN K C,LI Q,YIN Z W,et al.Mathematical model of overtopping risk for earth-rock dam based on Rackwitz-Fiessler method[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2017,50(3):327-331.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2017-03-002.
[22]祁国军,袁新明.斜坡堤栅栏板护面波浪爬高数值模拟[J].水利水电科技进展,2012,32(5):16-19.(QI G J,YUAN X M.Numerical simulation of wave run-up on fence panels of sloping dikes[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2012,32(5):16-19.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2012.05.004.
[23]常江,柳淑学,李金宣,等.滨海斜坡复式护岸断面波浪爬坡试验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2015(1):60-66.(CHANG J,LIU S X,LI J X,et al.Experimental research for waJve-up on coastal compound slope revetment[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2015(1):60-66.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7511/dllgxb201501009.
[24]南京水利科学研究院.河南省平顶山市昭平台水库安全评价报告[R].2016.(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Safety Evaluation Report of Zhaopingtai Reservoir in Pingdingshan,Henan.2016.(in Chinese))
[25]JTJ/T 234-2001.波浪模型试验规程[S].(JTJ/T 234-2001.Test Rules for Wave Model[S].(in Chinese))
[2]张大伟,李雷.水库大坝除险加固体制机制问题与对策思考[J].中国水利,2013(10):31-36.(ZHANG D,LI L.Issues and measures related to institutional mechanism of dammed reservoir reinforcement[J].China Water Resources,2013(10):31-36.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2013.10.012.
[3]盛金保,刘嘉炘,张士辰,等.病险水库除险加固项目溃坝机理调查分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(11):1620-1625.(SHENG J B,LIU J X,ZHANG S C.Investigation and analysis of failure mechanism of reinforced dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(11):1620-1625.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2008.11.008.
[4]严祖文,魏迎奇,张国栋.病险水库除险加固现状分析及对策[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(10):76-79.(YAN Z W,WEI Y Q,ZHANG G D.Status analysis and countermeasures for risk elimination and reinforcement of dangerous reservoir[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2010,41(10):76-79.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0860.2010.10.019.
[5]谭界雄,位敏.我国水库大坝病害特点及除险加固技术概述[J].中国水利,2010(18):17-20.(TAN J X,WEI M.Summary on the dam disaster character and reinforcement technology in China[J].China Water Resources,2010(18):17-20.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2010.18.006.
[6]江慧慧.水库除险加固大坝内坡干砌石护坡论证计算方法[J].企业科技与发展,2010(8):96-97.(JIANG H H.Calculation methods of protecting slope of dry-laid stone of risk elimination and reinforcement dam[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,2010(8):96-97.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0688.2010.08.036.
[7]卢贵.大坝贴坡技术在水库除险加固中的应用[J].企业科技与发展,2011(17):73-74.(LU G.On the application of dam fitting-slope technology to reservoir reinforcement[J].Enterprise Science And Technology&Development,2011(17):73-74.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0688.2011.17.026.
[8]吴美安,孙勇,李启涛.混凝土砌块护坡护面层稳定厚度的计算方法[J].人民黄河,2006,28(1):62-64.(WU M A,SUN Y,LI Q T.Methods for calculating stable thickness of concrete protected slopes[J].Yellow River,2006,28(1):62-64.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2006.01.026.
[9]张开富,王萍.小型水库除险加固工程上游护坡及坝顶型式探讨[J].北京农业,2012(36):117.(ZHANG K F,WANG P.Consideration of small reservoir reinforcement project of upstream slope protection and dam top type[J].Beijing Agriculture,2012(36):117.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6966.2012.36.116.
[10]张欣.土坝混凝土护坡设计有关问题的探讨[J].吉林水利,2016(9):11-12.(ZHANG X.Discussion on some problems in the design of concrete slope protection for earth dam[J].Jilin Water Resources,2016(9):11-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-2846.2016.09.004.
[11]姜树海,范子武.时变效应对大坝防洪风险率的影响研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(4):425-430.(JIANG S W,FAN Z W.Influence of time-varying effect on flood control risk rate for dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(4):425-430.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0559-9350.2006.04.007.
[12]焦景辉,李辉.吉林省新立城水库坝顶高程复核及加固处理研究[J].长春工程学院学报(自然科学版),2010(2):54-57.(JIAO J H,LI H.Research on the review of crest elevation and reinforcement of xinlicheng reservoir dam in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Changchun Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2010(2):54-57.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8984.2010.02.015.
[13]马中响.水库坝顶高程确定的影响因素分析[J].中国水运月刊,2016,16(4):136-138.(MA Z X.Analysis of the factors affecting the reservoir crest elevation determined[J].China Water Transport,2016,16(4):136-138.(in Chinese))
[14]乔树梁,杜金曼,陈国平,等.湖泊风浪特性及风浪要素的计算[J].水利水运工程学报,1996(3):189-197.(QIAO S L,DU J M,CHEN G P,et al.Calculation of characteristics and factors of wind and wave in lakes[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1996(3):189-197.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16198/j.cnki.1009-640x.1996.03.001.
[15]张丹.上升水库护坡工程设计[J].水利科技与经济,2011,17(1):60-61.(ZHANG D.Design of slope protection in shangshen reservoir[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2011,17(1):60-61.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7175.2011.01.024.
[16]牟忠善,王玉鑫,于忠华.东湖水库围坝上游护坡及坝顶高程设计[J].山东水利,2011(11):9-12.(MOU Z S,WANG Y X,YU Z H.Design of slope protection and crest elevation in Donghu Reservoir[J].Shandong Water Resources,2011(11):9-12.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6159.2011.11.005.
[17]郑殿祥,周荣星,金瑞清,等.平原水库波浪爬高计算方法探讨[J].人民黄河,2009,31(3):86-87.(ZHEN D X,ZHOU R X,JIN R Q,et al.Approach to calculation methods of wave ascent of a plain reservoir[J].Yellow River,2009,31(3):86-87.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2009.03.041.
[18]张士辰,厉丹丹,郭利娜.基于工程安全程度与溃决概率关系的中国水库工程安全等级划分标准初步研究[C].大坝技术及长效性能研究进展.2011.(ZHANG S C,LI D D,GUO L N.Preliminary study on Chinese reservoir engineering safety classification standard based on the relationship between engineering safety degree and burst probability[C].2011(in Chinese))
[19]朱嘉玲,王震,孙天霆,等.斜向规则波作用下斜坡堤波浪爬高试验研究[J].中国港湾建设,2017,37(2):33-37.(ZHU J L,WANG Z,SUN T T,et al.Experimental study on wave runup of sloping seawall under oblique regular waves[J].China Harbour Engineering,2017,37(2):33-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7640/zggwjs201702007.
[20]陈培波.波浪对石笼护面块体作用的试验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.(CHEN P B.Experimental study on the wave of stone cage armor block effect[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese))
[21]孙开畅,李权,尹志伟,等.基于Rackwitz-Fiessler方法的土石坝漫顶风险数学模型[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2017,50(3):327-331.(SUN K C,LI Q,YIN Z W,et al.Mathematical model of overtopping risk for earth-rock dam based on Rackwitz-Fiessler method[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2017,50(3):327-331.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14188/j.1671-8844.2017-03-002.
[22]祁国军,袁新明.斜坡堤栅栏板护面波浪爬高数值模拟[J].水利水电科技进展,2012,32(5):16-19.(QI G J,YUAN X M.Numerical simulation of wave run-up on fence panels of sloping dikes[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2012,32(5):16-19.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2012.05.004.
[23]常江,柳淑学,李金宣,等.滨海斜坡复式护岸断面波浪爬坡试验研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2015(1):60-66.(CHANG J,LIU S X,LI J X,et al.Experimental research for waJve-up on coastal compound slope revetment[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2015(1):60-66.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7511/dllgxb201501009.
[24]南京水利科学研究院.河南省平顶山市昭平台水库安全评价报告[R].2016.(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Safety Evaluation Report of Zhaopingtai Reservoir in Pingdingshan,Henan.2016.(in Chinese))
[25]JTJ/T 234-2001.波浪模型试验规程[S].(JTJ/T 234-2001.Test Rules for Wave Model[S].(in Chinese))
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