风力发电的成本效益分析——以张家口为例

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英文篇名：Cost-benefit Analysis of Wind Power Generation——Taking Zhangjiakou as an Example 作者：贺婷婷 ; 赵晓丽 英文作者：He Tingting;Zhao Xiaoli;China University of Petroleum; 关键词：风力发电 ; 成本效益 ; 上网电价 ; 环境收益 ; 度电成本 ; 资源量 英文关键词：wind power generation;;cost benefit;;feed-in tariffs;;environmental benefit;;cost per kilowatt hour of electricity;;available resources 中文刊名：SYZW 英文刊名：Sino-Global Energy 机构：中国石油大学(北京); 出版日期：2019-05-15 出版单位：中外能源 年：2019 期：v.24 基金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于利益相关者博弈关系的可再生能源发电激励机制研究”(项目编号:71573273) 语种：中文; 页：SYZW201905006 页数：5 CN：05 ISSN：11-5438/TK 分类号：26-30

摘要

中国风能资源十分丰富,推行风力发电在我国具有普遍适用性和可行性。成本收益是影响可再生能源推广应用的重要因素,因此采用全生命周期法将风力发电项目划分为融资建设期、运营维护期、回收报废期三个阶段,再通过动态平直供电成本法对风电项目的成本效益进行分析。如果不考虑政府干预因素,风力发电效益根本上取决于风电上网电量的多少和上网电价的高低。风力发电成本由非系统成本和系统成本构成,同时也会产生增值税、企业所得税和教育费附加等税费,因此,项目的经济效益=售电收益+补贴-系统成本-非系统成本-应纳税总额。风电项目不能单纯考虑经济收益,要更加注重环境收益,由于风电机组在运行期内基本不排放污染物,为环境治理节约了成本,所以环境效益也要考虑在内。以张家口为例,Ⅱ类风资源区风电的度电成本在0.4264～0.4294元/(kW·h)之间,风电上网电价为0.45元/(kW·h),风电大规模上网具有经济性。整个寿命周期内,度电环境收益约为1.571元/(kW·h)。通过敏感性分析,得出对成本效益影响最大的是上网电价,设备成本和风能资源量的影响次之。投资者应综合考虑经济收益和环境收益,努力降低投资成本,延长设备使用寿命;政府应保持上网电价的稳定性。
        China has abundant wind energy resources,so it is universally applicable and feasible to promote wind power generation in China.Cost benefit is an important factor affecting the promotion and application of renewable energy,so this paper uses the full life cycle method to divide the wind power generation project into financing and construction period,operation and maintenance period and recycling an discarding period,and then analyzes the cost benefit of wind power project through the dynamic straight power supply cost method.If the government intervention factor is not considered,the wind power efficiency depends on wind power on-grid energy quantity and feed-in tariffs.The cost of wind power generation consists of non-system cost and system cost,and there are also taxes and fees such as value-added tax,enterprise income tax and education surcharges.Therefore,the economic benefit of a project equals to the electricity selling revenue plus subsidy minus system cost minus non-system cost and minus total tax amount payable.Besides considering e-conomic benefit,wind power projects should pay more attention to environmental benefit.Since no pollutants are discharged during the operation of wind turbines,environmental treatment costs are saved,so the environmental benefit should also be taken into consideration.Taking Zhangjiakou as an example,the cost per kilowatt hour of wind power electricity in Category II wind resource area is between 0.4264 and 0.4294 yuan/(kW·h),and the feed-in tariff of wind power is 0.45 yuan/(kW·h),so large-scale grid connection of wind power is economical.Throughout the whole life cycle,the environment benefit per kilowatt hour of wind power electricity is about 1.571 yuan/(kW·h).The sensitivity analysis results show that feed-in tariff has the greatest impact on cost benefit,followed by equipment cost and available wind energy resources.Investors should com-prehensively consider the economic benefit and the environmental benefit,reduce the investment and extend the service life of equipment.The government should maintain the stability of feed-in tariffs.

引文

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